Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar aspectos fisiolÃgicos, bioquÃmicos e morfolÃgicos da germinaÃÃo de sementes de mandacaru. Inicialmente, foi analisado o efeito da luz e temperatura, na germinaÃÃo das sementes de mandacaru, submetidas aos tratamentos de luz (branca, ausÃncia, vermelha e vermelho-distante) associados aos de temperaturas [15, 20, 20-30 (alternada), 25, 30 e 35ÂC]. O Ãndice de velocidade de germinaÃÃo e a percentagem de germinaÃÃo foram maiores a 25 e 30 ÂC associadas à luz branca, sendo o tempo mÃdio de germinaÃÃo menor sob essas condiÃÃes e mais acentuado na condiÃÃo de escuro a 20ÂC. A morfologia das sementes e as anÃlises citoquÃmicas revelaram que as sementes de mandacaru apresentam paredes celulares finas quando coradas com o azul de toluidina (AT) e que se mantiveram inalteradas ao longo do processo germinativo. As cÃlulas dos cotilÃdones e eixo hipocÃtilo-radÃcula apresentaram o mesmo tipo de parede celular, entretanto, houve diferenÃas no formato das cÃlulas entre esses tecidos. A composiÃÃo e a mobilizaÃÃo das reservas das sementes de mandacaru durante a germinaÃÃo tambÃm foram avaliadas, atravÃs de anÃlises citoquÃmicas e bioquÃmicas, nos diferentes perÃodos de germinaÃÃo. Os lipÃdios foram detectados como a principal substÃncia de reserva dessas sementes, correspondendo a 54,50% e 61,70%, da massa seca dos cotilÃdones e do eixo hipocÃtilo-radÃcula, respectivamente. A mobilizaÃÃo dessas reservas teve inÃcio logo depois da embebiÃÃo, progredindo atà o Ãltimo perÃodo analisado (12 DAE). Os carboidratos representaram apenas 2,13% da massa seca da semente, correspondendo aos aÃÃcares solÃveis (redutores e nÃo-redutores) e amido, devido a isso tiveram pequena participaÃÃo na mobilizaÃÃo das sementes de mandacaru. Por outro lado, as proteÃnas que corresponderam a cerca de 30% da massa seca das sementes de mandacaru, foram evidentemente mobilizadas, ao longo do perÃodo de germinaÃÃo avaliado. Em relaÃÃo Ãs fraÃÃes protÃicas, as albuminas e as glutelinas foram as principais proteÃnas de reserva detectadas, correspondendo aos grupos que mais foram mobilizadas durante a germinaÃÃo destas sementes. As anÃlises mostraram diferentes padrÃes de degradaÃÃo de proteÃnas, que foram confirmadas por eletroforese sob condiÃÃes desnaturantes (SDS-PAGE). Apesar das globulinas e prolaminas terem sido detectadas, estas representaram uma pequena percentagem da proteÃna total dessas sementes. Em conclusÃo, as sementes de mandacaru sÃo consideradas insensÃveis à luz, embora sua germinaÃÃo seja aumentada sob condiÃÃes de luz e altas temperaturas, como 25 e 30ÂC. Os lipÃdios e as proteÃnas foram as principais substÃncias de reserva detectadas nessas sementes, sendo, portanto os principais recursos fornecidos para o desenvolvimento das plÃntulas de mandacaru. / The aim of this work was to study the physiology, biochemistry and morphology of mandacaru (Cereus jamacaru D.C) germination. Firstly, we analyzed the effects of light and temperature on mandacaru germination under four light treatments (white, dark, red and far-red) associated to six different temperatures [15, 20, 20-30 (alternated), 25, 30 and 35ÂC]. The germination speed index and germination percentage ratio were bigger at 25 and 30ÂC, associated to white light. On the other hand, the medium time germination was fewer in these conditions, and more pronounced in the dark at 20ÂC. Secondly, we studied seed morphology and cytochemical analyses revealed thin cell wall stained by Toluidin Blue (TB), which maintained unchanged during seed germination. Cotyledons and embryo-axes showed the same cell wall pattern, although had been observed differences in the cell form between them. Thirdly, we studied the main reserves composition and their mobilization during and following germination of C. jamacaru D.C seeds. We analyzed seeds in seven different periods after imbibitions, through biochemical and cytochemical analyses. Lipids were detectable as the major reserve, with 54,50% and 61,70% of seed dry mass of cotyledons and embryo-axes, respectively. This compound was one of the most involved on seed mobilization, which started after imbibition, carrying until the last stage analyzed (12 DAE). Carbohydrates represented only 2,13% of seed dry mass, comprising soluble sugars and starch, in this way, these compounds had little participation on mandacaru seed mobilization. On the other hand, proteins comprise about thirty percent of seed dry mass, playing an important role in C.jamacaru germination. In concern about their fractions, albumins and glutelins were the major reserve proteins detectable in these seeds, which were mobilized during seed germination. These results showed different protein degradation, which were confirmed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions (SDS-PAGE). In spite of globulins and prolamins had been observed on C. jamacaru seeds, they represent a little percentage of this seeds, did not play essential role in these seeds. In conclusion, seeds of C. jamacaru are insensitive to light, although their germination increases under light and high temperature conditions, as 25 and 30ÂC. Lipids and proteins are the major reserves of Cereus jamacaru seeds, therefore corresponding to the main sources involved in the initial seedling development.

O trabalho realiza um percurso entre as teorias da ação coletiva e da comunicação digital para produzir uma reflexão sobre os significados da mobilização em contextos reticulares, ou net-ativismo. A partir das teorias apresentadas tentaremos organizar uma linha de interpretação que faça convergir esses dois campos para o entendimento do que vem a ser net-ativismo para que depois possamos realizar dois propósitos: primeiro, apresentar um mapa das principais ações de net-ativismo no Brasil e no Mundo. Segundo, contribuir para o desenvolvimento de uma teoria da ação que contemple as formas de mobilização net-ativistas entendendo seu significar e sua relação com as formas convencionais de ação política. / The thesis follows a path between the theories of collective action and digital communications to develop an analysis of the meanings of mobilization in reticular contexts or net-activism. Based on the presented theories we will try to arrange a line of interpretation that makes those two fields converge to the understanding of the meaning of net-activism so that, afterwards, we can achieve two purposes: first, present a map of the main net-activism\'s actions in Brazil and around the world. Then, contribute to the development of a theory that beholds the different approaches of mobilizations net-activists to understand their meaning and their relation to the conventional approaches of political action.

Esta dissertação de início trata das particularidades do processo de mobilização pelo trabalho da imigração armênia no Distrito de Presidente Altino, localizado no município de Osasco, em relação com a capital paulista. Esse processo tem como referencial histórico de mobilização o Genocídio Armênio perpetrado pelo Império Otomano durante a Primeira Guerra Mundial (1914-1918), intepretada aqui a partir da mobilização geral (Gaudemar, 1981), momento histórico em que todos os esforços estão voltados para a produção, fazendo da guerra uma constante necessária à acumulação de capitais. Tentamos problematizar os desdobramentos históricos da relação social capitalista que foram transformando os sentidos da acumulação de capitais ao longo do século XX, bem como a dinâmica das personificações daí resultantes, até o contemporâneo capitalismo baseado na reprodução ficctícia do valor. Partindo da pesquisa histórica de trajetórias de mobilização aliada a observações feitas em trabalhos de campo, foram realizadas viagens à Argentina, Uruguai no intuito de apresentar as contradições perceptíveis entre a identidade armênia dessas localidades visitadas e a identidade observada em viagem à Armênia. / This dissertation deals with the particularities of the process of mobilization for the work of Armenian immigration in the District of Presidente Altino, located in the municipality of Osasco, in relation to the capital of São Paulo. This process has as a historical reference for mobilization the Armenian Genocide perpetrated by the Ottoman Empire during World War I (1914-1918), interpreted here using the concept of general mobilization (Gaudemar, 1981), historical moment in which all the efforts are directed to the production, requiring constant war to the accumulation of capital. We have tried to problematize the historical unfoldings of the capitalist social relationship that have been transforming the meanings of capital accumulation throughout the twentieth century, as well as the dynamics of the personifications resulting therefrom reaching the contemporary capitalism based on the fictional reproduction of value. Starting from the historical research of mobilization trajectories allied to observations made in field research. Travels were made to Argentina, Uruguay in order to present the perceptible contradictions between the Armenian identity of these visited localities and the identity observed during the travel to Armenia.

Objetiva-se, nesse estudo, analisar os novos processos de modernização que se impõem nos cerrados piauienses produzidos pela presença da agricultura moderna. Tal movimento teve inicio nos anos 1970 com os primeiros projetos agropecuários e de reflorestamentos instalados através de incentivos fiscais e financeiros públicos, mais se consolida somente em meados dos anos 1990 com a ampliação do deslocamento de migrantes sulistas e de empresas do agronegócio para aquela área. Resultou dessa ocupação a apropriação privada de amplas parcelas de terras devolutas dos platôs planos onde havia uso comunitário pela população local, as quais são transformadas em mercadorias valorizadas no mercado imobiliário. As manifestações de mudanças aparecem tanto sobre o espaço agrícola que se altera diante da incorporação dos aparatos da técnica e da ciência tornando-se homogêneos, e sobre o espaço da cidade que ganha novas formas e funcionalidades. Tanto o rural quanto o urbano do sul do Estado do Piauí revelam os processos contraditórios da recente modernização, pois se transformam, simultaneamente, em espaços de produção de riqueza e de manifestação de crises. Ao mesmo tempo em que se anunciam formas inovadoras que aceleram o ritmo de produção e de circulação das mercadorias sob a liderança de empresas globais, evidencia-se a expropriação de levas de camponeses cujas únicas possibilidades disponíveis passam a ser a de venderem sua força de trabalho nas lavouras modernas de grãos em condições de extrema precarização, ou a de se instalarem nas periferias miseráveis das cidades do agronegócio. Acrescenta-se, ainda, como elemento da crise o agravamento das condições de degradação dos ambientes naturais por conta do avanço acelerado das lavouras modernas nos domínios dos gerais, afetando os ecossistemas locais. Busca-se, nesse sentido, apontar que a atual modernização dos cerrados piauienses se faz produzindo descompassos sócio-espaciais. Ela se configura, portanto, como um processo essencialmente excludente. / This study analyzes the new modernization processes raised at the cerrados in Piauí due to modern agriculture. This movement started in the early 1970´s together with the first cattle breeding and reforesting projects developed through state financial and fiscal incentives. These projects only started to consolidate around 1990´s as the displacement of people and agricultural business firms from the south of Brazil (?sulistas?) to Piauí increased. The result of this land occupation was the appropriation of vast plain plateaus escheated lands of communitarian use that turned to be commodities. These lands were valorized by housing market. Signs of these changes appeared both on the agricultural space, transformed by means of applying scientific and technological objects, which turned the space homogeneous, and the city space, that gained new shape and functionalities. Piaui´s southern urban and rural areas reveal contradictory process of this recent modernization, transformed simultaneously into spaces where richness and crisis manifestations are both produced. While innovation accelerating the production rhythm and the circulation of goods under global companies´ leadership is announced, the expropriation of peasants groups stands out. Now their possibilities only depend on selling their task force in the new corporate farming business in extremely hard working conditions or installing themselves at the poor outskirts of this agricultural business related cities. Furthermore, natural environment?s worsening conditions are a result of modern agricultural technology at those gerais. These conditions affect local ecosystems and add up another element to the crisis. In this way we intend to point out that the modernization of the cerrados piauienses is generating a socio-spatial imbalance, which configures itself as an essentially excluding process.

Au croisement de la sociologie des mobilisations, de la sociologie des migrations et des études genre, cette thèse vise à saisir la réalisation des rapports de domination dans l’action collective des migrant.e.s brésilien.ne.s au Japon dans les années 2000. Au delà des catégorisations ethnoraciales (descendant.e / non descendant.e de Japonais) et classées (ouvrier.ère / indépendant.e), généralement utilisées pour décrire ce fait migratoire, les catégories de sexe contribuent aussi à le caractériser. Dans la perspective de l’intersectionnalité, la thèse s’appuie sur l’ethnographie multisituée pour appréhender la réalisation des rapports sociaux de sexe, de race et de classe. Ceux-ci s’actualisent dans des pratiques circonscrites mais aussi dans des contextes variés où l’intersectionnalité se révèle d’autant mieux que les rapports de pouvoir peuvent changer, s’inverser, « s’invisibiliser ». Pour ce faire, trois espaces de mobilisation ont été explorés : des écoles brésiliennes, des syndicats et des associations locales. Des observations in situ étalées entre 2006 et 2011 ont été complétées par quatre-vingt-dix entretiens semi-directifs en portugais et en japonais avec des familles migrantes, les migrant.e.s mobilisé.e.s, les leaderships et leurs soutiens extérieurs. En examinant leurs interactions, l’enquête multisituée montre que la réalisation des rapports de domination s’appréhende à partir de trois échelles d’analyse : nationale (les contextes japonais et brésilien), sectorielle (syndical, éducatif et associatif) et situationnelle (les dynamiques des organisations dans chaque secteur). De cette façon, la thèse fait ressortir les nouvelles frontières de la société japonaise et les reconfigurations de l’imaginaire national brésilien selon les sites de l’enquête. / At the intersection of the sociology of mobilization, the sociology of migration and the gender studies, this thesis aims at capturing the accomplishment of relations of domination in the collective actions of Brazilian migrants in Japan in the 2000s. Beyond ethnoracial (descendants / non descendants of Japanese people) and class-based (unskilled workers / self-employed) categorizations, generally used to describe this migration, the social relations of sex also help to categorize the phenomenon. In the wake of the theory of intersectionality, this thesis – based on a multisited ethnography – analyzes the production of social relations of sex, race and class. These can be observed in specific practices but also in a variety of contexts where intersectionality becomes all the more noticeable as the relations of power may change, interchangeable and « invisible ». To do so, three spaces of mobilization have been explored : Brazilian schools, workers’ unions and grassroots organizations. In situ observations were conducted from 2006 to 2011 and ninety semi-structured interviews were led in Japanese and Portuguese with migrant families, members and leaderships of the groups, and their external supporters. The multisited field study shows that the accomplishment of the relations of domination can be captured by focusing on three scales of analysis : national (Brazilian and Japanese contexts), sector-based (education, unionism and voluntary sector), situational (organizational dynamics in each sector). In this way, the thesis highlights the new boundaries of Japanese society and the reconfigurations of an imagined Brazilian community depending on the sites studied.

Suite à une ischémie, de nombreux acteurs moléculaires et cellulaires concourent pour promouvoir la revascularisation post-ischémique afin de limiter les lésions tissulaires. Des cellules progénitrices et inflammatoires originaires de la moelle osseuse sont notamment recrutées au niveau du tissu ischémique où elles activent et participent à la régénération vasculaire et tissulaire. Leurs capacités pro-angiogéniques et pro-vasculogéniques suscitent d’ailleurs un grand intérêt pour l’élaboration de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques. L’objectif de ce travail de thèse aura été d’améliorer notre compréhension des mécanismes qui régissent la mobilisation et le recrutement des cellules progénitrices originaires de la moelle osseuse et de mettre en évidence l’efficacité d’un traitement basée sur l’utilisation de cellules souches pour promouvoir la revascularisation post-ischémique. Dans un premier travail nous avons mis en évidence que les catécholamines (dopamine -DA- et norépinephrine –NE-) du système nerveux sympathique régulent la mobilisation des cellules progénitrices originaires de la moelle osseuse via une signalisation dépendante de la eNOS. Nous avons montré que la DA et la NE augmentent le nombre de cellules médullaires recrutées dans le tissu ischémique et stimulent leur différenciation en cellules à phénotype endothéliale ou inflammatoire favorisant ainsi la revascularisation post-ischémique. Le recrutement des cellules médullaires dépend également des chimiokines, et plus particulièrement de CXCL12 qui est connue pour attirer les cellules exprimant son récepteur CXCR4. Le deuxième travail de cette thèse a montré que le pouvoir chimioattractant de CXCL12 est également régulé par sa capacité à se lier aux héparan-sulfates (HS), et donc à adhérer à la matrice extracellulaire. En effet, de fortes interactions CXCL12/HS induisent une augmentation de la régénération vasculaire post-ischémique corrélée à un meilleur recrutement des cellules d’origine médullaires dans le tissu lésé.Une fois recrutées dans le tissu ischémique, les cellules souches, de part leurs capacités remarquables d’auto-renouvellement, de prolifération, de différenciation et leur activité paracrine sont d’excellents activateurs de la revascularisation post-ischémique. La troisième étude de cette thèse met en évidence l’efficacité des cellules souches embryonnaires humaines multipotentes pour traiter l’ischémie critique du membre inférieur. Nous avons également révélé que ce potentiel thérapeutique dépend du miR-21.Ces travaux ont permis de démontrer que la régulation de la mobilisation et du recrutement des cellules souches contrôle la revascularisation post-ischémique et de souligner l’efficacité d’un traitement basé sur l’utilisation de cellules souches pour promouvoir la revascularisation post-ischémique. / Following ischemia, many molecular and cellular mechanisms compete to promote post-ischemic revascularization to minimize tissue damage. Bone marrow-derived progenitor and inflammatory cells are especially recruited into the ischemic tissue where they activate and participate in vascular and tissue regeneration. Their pro-angiogenic and pro-vasculogenic capacity also generate great interest in the development of new therapeutic strategies. The objective of this thesis has been to improve our understanding of the mechanisms governing the mobilization and recruitment of bone marrow-derived progenitor cells and to highlight the effectiveness of a treatment based on the use of stem cells to promote post-ischemic reperfusion. In a first work we have demonstrated that catecholamines (dopamine -DA- and norepinephrine -NE-) of the sympathetic nervous system regulate the mobilization of bone marrow-derived progenitor cells via eNOS-dependent signaling. We have shown that DA and NE increase the number of bone marrow-derived cells recruited into the ischemic tissue and stimulate their differentiation into endothelial or inflammatory phenotype cells, which promots post-ischemic revascularization.The recruitment of bone marrow cells also depends on chemokines, and particularly CXCL12 which is known to attract cells expressing CXCR4. The second work of this thesis has shown that the chemoattractant capacity of CXCL12 is also regulated by its ability to bind to heparan sulfate (HS), and thus, to adhere to the extracellular matrix. Indeed, strong interactions between CXCL12 and HS induce an increase in post-ischemic vascular regeneration correlated with better recruitment of bone marrow-derived cells in the injured tissue.Once recruited into the ischemic tissue, stem cells, because of their remarkable capacity of self-renewal, proliferation, differentiation and paracrine activity are excellent activators of post-ischemic revascularization. The third study of this thesis highlights the effectiveness of pluripotent human embryonic stem cells to treat critical limb ischaemia. We also found that their therapeutic potential depends on the miR-21.These studies have demonstrated that the regulation of the mobilization and recruitment of stem cells control the post-ischemic revascularization and highlight the effectiveness of a treatment based on the use of stem cells to promote post-ischemic revascularization.

Title: Comparison of the effectiveness of manual therapy and therapy using exercises in muscle postural ligations for painful neck syndromes. Objective: The main aim of this work is to compare commonly used physiotherapeutic techniques, exercise and mobilization, (manipulation) techniques in chronic, painful neck syndromes. Methods: The study involved a total of 30 probands with chronic neck pain, randomly divided into three groups of 10. In the first group the subject was health exercise, in the second group therapy with mobilization (manipulations) techniques and in the third group was a combination of both therapies. Probands were individually treated in five visits, 30 minutes for one visit. The evaluation methods were NRS, NDI and goniometry. The data was evaluated in Microsoft Office Excel. Results: The results showed that after 5 therapies there was a statistically significant reduction in pain on the NRS scale in all three groups. Within the NDI questionnaire there was a very small reduction in the ADL limitation, for all three groups, the changes were statistically significant. There were no changes in goniometry in any of the groups and changes were not statistically significant. Keywords: chronic neck pain, cervical spine, exercise, mobilization, NDI

Background: The patient's prerequisites form the basis for the pre-and postoperative care period. One of the aspects that affect health care is the patient's physical activity where immobilizing surgery involves atrophy of muscle mass. A low preoperative activity level, perioperative immobilization and postoperative immobilization increase the risk of postoperative complications. Aim: The purpose was to investigate how much skeletal muscle mass patients lose related to immobilizing surgery and how immobilization affects the patient's care time postoperatively. Method: A literature study that reviewed 12 original articles. The articles were reviewed according to Forsberg and Wengström (2016) where article’s contents and results were compared with the aim of this literature study. Results: After examination, no general loss of muscle mass after immobilized surgery could be identified. The muscle mass's ability to atrophy varies depending on the area of surgery and individual-based conditions. However, muscle mass and its quality were identified as a potential prognostic marker for how post-operative care time will play out where lower levels of muscular quality imply increased risk of complications and mortality. Care time for patients with a low muscle grade has been identified as prolonged related to immobilizing surgery. A care period that can be shortened by muscular activation in the form such as electrical stimulus or resistance exercises. Conclusion: The conclusion of this literature study is that the muscle mass lost in immobilized surgery and how postoperative care is affected is individual-based and influenced by preoperative muscle size and type of surgical procedure. Further research is needed on preoperative and postoperative skeletal muscle mass measurement and a routine for measuring muscle mass, since muscle atrophy has been identified as an important marker for postoperative care and survival. / Bakgrund: Patientens förutsättningar ligger till grund för hur den pre- och postoperativa vårdtiden kommer att fortlöpa. En av aspekterna som påverkar vården är patientens fysiska aktivitet där immobiliserande kirurgi innebär atrofi av muskelmassa. En låg preoperativ aktivitetsnivå, perioperativ immobilisering och postoperativ immobilisering ökar risken för postoperativa komplikationer relaterade till muskelatrofi. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka hur mycket skelettmuskulatur patienter förlorar i samband med immobiliserande operation samt hur immobiliseringen påverkar patientens vårdtid postoperativt. Metod: En litteraturstudie som granskade 12 originalartiklar. Artiklarna granskades enligt Forsberg och Wengström (2016) där innehåll och resultat jämfördes med denna litteraturstudies syfte. Resultat: Efter granskning har ingen generell förlust av muskelmassa efter kirurgi kunnat identifieras. Muskelmassans förmåga att atrofiera varierar beroende på operationsområde och individbaserade förutsättningar. Muskelmassan och dess kvalitet kunde dock identifieras som en prognostisk markör för hur den postoperativa vårdtiden kommer att fortlöpa där lägre grad av muskulär kvalitet innebär ökad risk för komplikationer och mortalitet. Vårdtiden för patienter med muskelgrad av låg kvalitet har kunnat identifieras som förlängd i samband med immobiliserande kirurgi. En vårdtid som kan förkortas genom muskulär aktivering i form av t.ex. elektrisk stimulans eller motståndsövningar. Slutsats: Konklusionen av denna litteraturstudie är att den muskelmassa som förloras vid immobiliserande kirurgi samt hur den postoperativa vårdtiden påverkas är individbaserat och påverkas av preoperativ muskelgrad och typ av kirurgiskt ingrepp. Efter genomförd granskning eftersöks vidare forskning gällande preoperativ och postoperativ mätning av skelettmuskelmassa och en standardiserad rutin för att mäta muskelmassa, detta då muskelatrofi har identifierats som en viktig markör för postoperativ vård och överlevnad.

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work / Robert K. Schaeffer / This paper asks why a progressive social movement formed in a conservative place. The People for a Progressive University City (PPUC) formed as a Political Action Committee (PAC) in a mid-sized community in order to influence the city commission and school board election of 2005. Resource Mobilization theory assumes that social movements form when they have access to resources including money, networks and leadership (Barkan 1979, McCarthy and Zald 1977). Political Opportunity theory assumes that social movements form when opportunities for mobilization are visible (Goodwin, Jaspers and Jaswin 1999, Tarrow 1996). The Framing Perspective assumes that social movements form when they describe grievances and their solutions in a way that is reasonable to potential participants (Benford and Snow 2000, Gamson and Modigliani 1989). I have taken an Action Research approach to understand what developments led to the organization’s formation and which theory best described why the movement formed in 2005. Through 31 in-depth interviews with community members, I concluded that no one theory alone can explain why the organization formed. I argue that the best theoretical explanation is a synthesis of all three. I outline several theoretical implications as well as practical implications for community organizing in University City. I argue that the future of the PPUC will depend on how it responds to changes in community discontent and if it is able to mobilize people. Additionally, I suggest the story of the PPUC has implications for the study of social movements in general.

La production physiologique continue de cellules myélinisantes dans le système nerveux (SN) de mammifère offre de nouvelles perspectives thérapeutiques. Lors d’une atteinte de la myéline, une régénération endogène impliquant la génération d’oligodendrocytes s’engage. Ce processus repose sur la mobilisation de progéniteurs oligodendrocytaires parenchymateux et de progéniteurs de la zone sous-ventriculaire (SVZ). Cette réparation ne permet cependant pas une récupération fonctionnelle systématique. Nos travaux ont pour but d’identifier les facteurs qui contrôlent les différentes étapes de régénération. Ils révèlent une réexpression du CNTF et une surexpression des héparans sulfates protéoglycanes (HSPGs) suite à une démyélinisation du corps calleux. Ces changements de l’environnement péri-lésionnel régulent positivement le processus de remyélinisation. Nous avons montré un impact direct de l’expression post-lésionnelle du CNTF sur la mobilisation des deux sources cellulaires. Différents tests in vitro ont identifié le CNTF comme facteur chémoattractant pour ces cellules. Nos données montrent également que des modifications de sulfatation des héparans sulfates (HS) protéoglycanes contrôlées par la N-désacétylase-Sulfotransférase 1 des cellules du lignage oligodendrocytaire s’établissent en bordure de lésion et créent un microenvironnement favorable à la régénération. Divers test fonctionnels in vivo et in vitro révèlent le rôle clef des HSPGs dans la cinétique de démyélinisation et de remyélinisation en régulant la mobilisation des cellules du lignage oligodendrocytaire et l’activation microgliale. / In the mammal’s nervous system, the ongoing production of new myelinating cells on has open news therapeutic perspectives for demyelinating diseases. An endogenous regeneration process involving the generation of oligodendrocytes can occur following demyelination. This process relies on the mobilization of an endogenous reservoir of progenitor cells located in the adult brain: The parenchymal oligodendrocyte precursors and the subventricular zone derived neural progenitors. However, these endogenous repair attempts do not permit an efficient functional recovery. These failures are mainly due to mobilization, differentiation or to the generation of a hostile environment for the repair process. Our work is focusing on the identification of factors regulating those events. Our data show the reexpression of CNTF and overexpression of heparan sulphate proteoglycans (HSPGs) following a focal demyelination of the corpus callosum in adult mice. These environmental changes favor myelin repair. We show a direct impact of the post-lesional expression of CNTF on the mobilization of both cellular sources. Using various in vitro assays, we showed that CNTF is acting on the two cellular sources as a chemoattractant factor. Our data also show that sulfation modifications of HSPGs performed by the deacetylase-N-sulfotransferase 1 (Ndst1) on oligodendrocyte lineage cells occurred around the lesion and created a permissive microenvironment for the regenerative process. Various in vitro and in vivo functional assays demonstrated the key role of HSPGs in demyelination and remyelination dynamic by controlling mobilization of the oligodendrocyte lineage cells and microglial activation.