This essay is a qualitative descriptive translation study concerning two translations of Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet into Swedish. The purpose of the study is to investigate the translational behaviour of the translators and the translation norms that govern this behaviour. By thoroughly analysing stretches of the play, the study will attempt to locate translation shifts (linguistic changes) that occur in the translation from the source text to the target text. These changes are connected with the translators’ fidelity towards e.g. the metre of the verse or the sense transfer of puns. The analysis also comprises a survey of the translation norms that the translators adhere to. These norms, stated by the translators themselves, are connected to their translation approach. Thus, the study will reveal the differences of translation behaviour and analyse them from a wider perspective. The translations were made around 1840 and in 1982, respectively. The considerable space in time in itself suggests that linguistic differences will occur. However, the study will also find differences as regards the purposes of the translations. The older translation appears to be performed in a tradition of fidelity to the written text and its literary qualities, whereas the modern translation clearly has the purpose of being used for the stage performance. The latter is stated by the translator himself, who also argues that Shakespeare is to be considered drama and not literature.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-06-03T15:39:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 josemanueldosreissalgueiro.pdf: 2203166 bytes, checksum: f8b3956073be411084e0f43bdfe9b5d5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-02T13:24:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 josemanueldosreissalgueiro.pdf: 2203166 bytes, checksum: f8b3956073be411084e0f43bdfe9b5d5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-02T13:24:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 josemanueldosreissalgueiro.pdf: 2203166 bytes, checksum: f8b3956073be411084e0f43bdfe9b5d5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-24 / Este projeto objetiva propor diretrizes para formatação de um sistema integrado de gestão de normas educacionais para o estado do Rio de Janeiro, de forma a melhorar a qualidade do atendimento da Coordenação da Inspeção Escolar (CDIN), da Secretaria de Estado de Educação do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (SEEDUC/RJ). A despeito da abundância de recursos informatizados dedicados a subsidiar adequadamente o processo de gerenciamento e tomada de decisões, a CDIN, órgão responsável pela execução das atividades ligadas à inspeção escolar, não dispõe de um sistema que gerencie as normas educacionais, que são a principal ferramenta de trabalho de seus inspetores. Esta ausência provoca reflexos negativos e diretos no tempo consumido para acessar a norma pesquisada e, sem a efetiva garantia de que, quando encontrada, é ela a norma que se encontra em vigor. Isto concorre fortemente para elevar a probabilidade de tomada de decisões temerárias em relação ao fato educacional sob análise. Em decorrência é comum o inspetor valerse de consultas aos colegas, o que acaba por inibir pesquisas, estudos e reflexões sobre questões relevantes. Este processo restritivo certamente concorre para um tipo de unidade capaz de fomentar o chamado isomorfismo. Assim, pretende-se promover a discussão dos resultados das pesquisas, identificando as demandas dos profissionais da inspeção escolar, conjugá-las com a Teoria Institucional e com as recomendações encontradas na literatura sobre a área da Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação (TIC), notadamente as proposições oferecidas por Sommerville (2004), em particular a rastreabilidade bidirecional, preconizada pela Engenharia de Requisitos. A partir daí foi elaborado um conjunto de diretrizes, com vistas à formatação de um sistema capaz de atender integralmente as necessidades dos inspetores, surgidas quando da apreciação de determinado fato educacional e a consequente tomada de decisão. Além das diretrizes, recomenda-se que a SEEDUC considere a possibilidade e a oportunidade da criação de uma Câmara Técnica de Aplicação das Normas Educacionais, com a atribuição de examinar e pacificar entendimentos divergentes no âmbito da CDIN/EAAs. / This project aims to propose guidelines for formatting an integrated management of educational legislation for the state of Rio de Janeiro, in order to improve the quality of care for Coordination of School Inspection (CDIN), of the State Department of Education of the State of Rio de Janeiro (SEEDUC / RJ). Despite the abundance of computerized resources devoted to adequately subsidize process management and decision making, the CDIN, the body responsible for carrying out activities related to school inspection, lacks a system to manage the educational laws, which are the main tool work of its inspectors. This absence causes direct and negative effects in the time taken to access the law who is being searched, and without the effective guarantee that, when found, it is the law that is in force. This contributes strongly to increase the probability of making rash decisions about the fact educational under review. Because of this is common the inspector resort draw on consultations with colleagues, which ultimately inhibit research, studies and reflections on relevant issues. This restrictive process certainly contributes to a certain type of unit that can foster called isomorphism. Thus, promoted up the discussion of research findings, identifying the demands of school inspection professionals, combining them with the Institutional Theory and the recommendations found in the literature on the area of Information Technology and Communication (ICT), especially the propositions offered by Sommerville (2004), in particular bidirectional traceability, advocated by Requirements Engineering. Thereafter was elaborate a set of guidelines, with a view to formatting a system capable of meeting fully the needs of inspectors, which arising when assessing determined educational fact and the consequent decisionmaking. Additionally to the directives, it is recommended to SEEDUC consider the possibility and desirability of establishing a Technical Board of Educational Application of Norms, with attribution to examine and pacify divergent understandings in the scope CDIN/EAAs.

Denna uppsats syftar att undersöka hur yrkesprogrammen på gymnasieskolan förhåller sig till olika könsnormer på individnivå. En kvalitativ intervjustudie används för att ge en personlig inblick hur individer reflekterar över sin gymnasietid utifrån könsnormer, valprocessen och studie- och karriärvägledares påverkan. Genom att tillämpa teorier från Linda Gottfredson och Erving Goffman kopplas dessa till individers begränsningar, kompromisser och självuppfattning samt de olika rollerna en tar i en grupp eller i en klass. Vi har sett hur könsnormer ser ut och hur dessa påverkar en individ. Resultaten visar att alla har lagt märke till könsnormer på de olika yrkesprogrammen. Könsnormer finns i gymnasieskolan och visar sig på olika sätt. Studien ger insikt i hur olika teorier kan användas för att analysera och problematisera olika normer i gymnasieskolan. / This essay aims to investigate how the vocational programs in upper secondary school relate to different gender norms at the individual level. A qualitative interview study is used to provide a personal insight into how individuals reflect on their upper secondary school years based on gender norms, the selection process and the influence of a study and career counselor. By applying theories from Linda Gottfredson and Erving Goffman, these are linked to individuals' limitations, compromises, and self-perception as well as the different roles in a group or in a class. We have seen what gender norms look like and how those affect individuals. The results show that everyone has noticed gender norms in the various vocational programs. Gender norms exist in upper secondary school and manifest themselves in different ways. The study provides insight into how different theories can be used to analyze and problematize different norms in upper secondary school.

Date: 2021-05-25 Level: Bachelor thesis in Business Administration, 15 credits Institution: Linnaeus University Authors: Linnéa Hamrin - 970430 Nora Bengtsson – 960709 Tutor: Jasmina Beharic Keywords: Gender equality work, norms, group norms, driving forces, personal connection, custom communication, male engagement Titel: The light is now directed at the men who work with gender equality - How do they act and what are they driven by? Research Questions: - How do men who work with gender equality act, within organizations that work to promote the gender equality development within the society?- What are the driving forces behind their actions? Purpose: The purpose of the thesis is to increase knowledge about how men who work with gender equality, within organizations that work to promote the gender equality development within the society, act to influence gender equality development and to create an understanding of the underlying driving forces of their actions. This is to contribute to the knowledge about how men, who does not act accoringly to the existing masculine norms, work with gender equality which can increase the understanding of gender equality development. Method: This is a qualitative study that uses inductive approach. Four semi- structured interviews have been implemented with four different respondents. The empirical data was then analyzed through a thematic analyzis.Through the coding, themes were detected which then generated the theoretical material. Conclusions: The result of the study showed that the men worked a lot through adapting their communication to the target group which enabled a connection inbetween the men and the target group. Relationship building was presented as essential to their work and two important factors in order to build relationships was positive influense and identification. The underlying driving forces were at first proved to be integrated and identified extrinsic motivation. To maintain the work with gender equality the ability to help others, confirmation, experienced context, and self-determination were the driving forces that identified. / Datum: 2021-05-25 Nivå: Kandidatuppsats i Företagsekonomi, 15 HP Institution: Linnéuniversitetet Författare: Linnéa Hamrin - 970430 Nora Bengtsson – 960709 Handledare: Jasmina Beharic Nyckelord: Jämställdhetsarbete, normer, gruppnormer, drivkrafter, personlig anknytning, anpassad kommunikation, manligt engagemang Titel: Nu riktas lampan mot män som arbetar med jämställdhet - Hur agerar de och vad drivs de av? Forskningsfrågor: - Hur agerar män som arbetar med jämställdhet, inom organisationer som arbetar för att främja jämställdhetsutvecklingen i samhället?- Vad finns det för drivkrafter bakom deras agerande? Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att öka kunskapen kring hur män som arbetar med jämställdhet, i organisationer som arbetar för att främja jämställdhetsutvecklingen i samhället, agerar för att påverka jämställdhetsutvecklingen samt skapa en förståelse kring de bakomliggande drivkrafterna för deras agerande. Det för att bidra med kunskap gällande hur män, som inte agerar enhetligt med den existerande mansnormen, arbetar med jämställdhet vilket kan öka förståelsen kring jämställdhetsutvecklingen. Metod: Det här är en kvalitativ studie som använder induktiv metod. Fyra semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts med fyra respondenter. Empirisk data analyserades därefter genom den tematiska analysmetoden. Genom kodningen upptäcktes teman som låg till grund för det teoretiska materialet. Slutsats: Studiens resultat visade att männen arbetade mycket genom att anpassa sin kommunikation efter målgrupp vilket möjliggjorde för en anknytning mellan männen och målgruppen. I arbetet framstod relationsbyggande som essentiellt och två viktiga faktorer i syfte att bygga relationer var positivt inflytande och identifiering. De bakomliggande drivkrafterna visade sig till en början vara integrerad och identifierad extern motivation. För att upprätthålla arbetet med jämställdhet var förmågan att hjälpa andra, bekräftelse, upplevt sammanhang och självbestämmande de drivkrafter som identifierades.

Heteronormativity and norms concerning gender and sexuality are present in the entirety of Sweden, and their expressions are often wide and varied. This thesis studies the experiences of two upper secondary school teachers employed in Malmö through a case study in regards to work with gender and sexuality norms in religious studies. Additionally, how the pandemic COVID-19 and transit to digital teaching has affected work with gender and sexuality norms are explored. Using select parts of queer theory and thematic analysis, key components presented by the interviewees relating to work with gender and sexuality norms are identified and analyzed against the backdrop of previous research.

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Recent scholarly work in mathematics education has included a focus on learning mathematics with understanding (Hiebert & Carpenter, 1992; Hiebert et al., 1997; Fennema & Romberg, 1999; National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, 2000). Hiebert et al. (1997) discussed two processes that they suggested increase understanding and that are central to this study: reflection and communication. Learning mathematics with understanding requires that the students create a deeper knowledge of mathematics through reflection and communication. The environment in which such learning can take place must include patterns of behavior, known as social norms that promote deeper thinking. When the social norms encourage reflection and communication among the members of the classroom community, or supports learning with understanding, it becomes what I term a productive discourse community. The purpose of this study is to find out what a teacher does to create and maintain a productive discourse community where students can reason and learn with understanding. To accomplish this purpose, this research asks the following question: In what ways does the teacher in the study direct mathematical discourse in order to facilitate understanding? To answer this research question, data was gathered from eight class periods. The classroom discourse was analyzed and six discourse generating tools were found to be used by the teacher: (1) using lower-order questions to engage students, (2) persisting in eliciting students' reasoning, (3) encouraging as many student participations as possible, (4) encouraging students to analyze and evaluate each other's comments, (5) encouraging students to share as many strategies as possible and (6) using a focusing discourse pattern. There were also three social norms found to be established in the classroom at the time of the data collection. These norms are: all students are expected to (a) participate (b) share their reasoning when called upon, and (c) listen to, analyze, and evaluate each other's comments. Through further analysis, it was found that the six discourse generating tools reinforced the social norms, while the social norms supported the six discourse generating tools. Thus creating an environment where reflection and communication occurred in a way that promoted learning mathematics with understanding.

Abstract "I can't play with Barbie! It is just for girls." is a scientific essay that is based on a story, in which I portrayed a self-perceived dilemma. In the dilemma, it emerged that I was not aware that my own perceptions of gender could influence my actions in the professional role, and that I was unsure of how I could work in practice to change the traditionally ingrained gender patterns, that manifested themselves in the after-school care center. The essay thus aimed to investigate whether the after-school teachers' own perceptions of gender could affect the way they treated the students, and to investigate how after-school teachers could work in practice to change the traditionally ingrained gender patterns that manifested themselves in the after-school care center. I have thus examined this through a writing process, in which I have had a reflective dialogue with the literature, in which I have turned to Eidevald, Butler, Ambjörnsson, Mac Donald and Persson Sjödell, among others, as their theoretical perspectives on gender and norm-critical work have helped me gain a deeper understanding of my dilemma. I have also conducted a participatory observation where I have talked to three after-school teachers about gender equality, as their perspectives, like the literature, were helpful in my reflection.   I have concluded that my perceptions of gender affect my actions in the professional role and therefore also my treatment of the students, but that we can understand this in different ways. I have also come to realize that it can be difficult to change the traditionally ingrained gender patterns, but that it is entirely possible. That we, the after-school care teachers can create a change, by learning about gender and how differences are made between the sexes, and by critically examining what we say, do and make visible in the after-school care center. Because by making ourselves aware of what we are normalizing in our work, we can also act in a way that normalizes the gender patterns that go against the accepted norms. / Sammanfattning ”Jag kan ju inte leka med Barbie! Det är ju bara för tjejer.” är en vetenskaplig essä som utgår ifrån en berättelse, i vilken jag gestaltade ett egenupplevt dilemma. I dilemmat framkom det att jag inte var medveten om att mina egna föreställningar kring genus kunde påverka mitt agerande i yrkesrollen, samt att jag var osäker på hur jag i praktiken skulle kunna arbeta för att förändra de traditionellt invanda könsmönster som yttrade sig i fritidshemmet. Essän syftade därmed till att undersöka om fritidshemslärarnas egna föreställningar kring genus kunde påverka sättet de bemötte eleverna på, samt att undersöka hur fritidshemslärare kunde arbeta i praktiken för att förändra de traditionellt invanda könsmönster som yttrade sig i fritidshemmet. Jag har således undersökt detta genom en skrivprocess där jag har fört en reflektiv dialog med litteraturen, i vilken jag bland annat vänt mig till Eidevald, Butler, Ambjörnsson, Mac Donald och Persson Sjödell, då deras teoretiska perspektiv på genus och normkritiskt arbete har hjälpt mig få en djupare förståelse av mitt dilemma. Jag har även genomfört en deltagande observation där jag samtalat med tre fritidshemslärare kring jämställdhet, då deras perspektiv, likt litteraturen, var behjälpliga i min reflektion.   Jag har kommit fram till att mina föreställningar kring genus faktiskt påverkar mitt agerande i yrkesrollen och därmed även mitt bemötande av eleverna, men att vi kan förstå detta på olika sätt. Jag har även kommit till insikt om att det kan vara svårt att arbeta med att förändra de traditionellt invanda könsmönsterna men att det är fullt möjligt. Att vi fritidshemslärare kan skapa en förändring, dels genom att ta del av kunskap kring genus och hur skillnader görs mellan könen, dels genom att kritiskt granska det vi säger, gör och synliggör i verksamheten. Eftersom vi, genom att göra oss själva medvetna om vad vi normaliserar i verksamheten, även kan agera på ett sätt som normaliserar de könsmönster som går emot de vedertagna normerna.

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