Studien behandlar förekomsten av skadesvampar i ett förändrat klimat. För regionen norra Norrlands kustland har lokala klimatscenarion framtagits och resultatet av dessa har analyserats tillsammans med vetenskaplig litteratur angående utvalda svampars levnadsvillkor. Syftet har varit att kartlägga kunskapsläget och att skapa en bild av framtidens utmaningar. Resultaten visar ett varmare och fuktigare klimat som på många sätt gynnar valda skadesvampar. Resultatet visar även en komplexitet i svampars livscykler som gör analysen till en informerande uppskattning av framtiden. För mer exakta prediktioner skulle en annan modellering och andra utvärderingsmetoder behöva användas.

Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur planeringen av social hållbarhet med fokus på trygghet i den offentliga miljön förändrats i den nya stadsdelen Norra Djurgårdsstaden i Stockholm. Undersökningen har genomförts med en kvalitativ samt en kvantitativ innehållsanalys av två olika planprogram för en hållbar utveckling av Norra Djurgårdsstaden. Planprogrammen är från 2017 och 2021 och har studerats med en jämförande ansats. Uppkomsten av ord har räknats samt en dokumentstudie där olika studier och böcker ligger till grund för de teorier som diskuteras med analysens resultat. Resultatet av studien visar att det finns ett fortsatt arbete för social hållbarhet i stadsutvecklingsprojektet Norra Djurgårdsstaden. Planering som är kopplat till det offentliga rummet visar på hur Norra Djurgårdsstaden har ett starkt fokus på trygghet. Planprogrammet från 2021 har ett trygghetsperspektiv med en starkare koppling till jämställdhet och jämlikhetsfrågor. Det sociala hållbarhetsarbetet har fått ett större fokus på jämställdhet och jämlikhet som är kopplat till Agenda 2030 och FN:s hållbarhetsmål.

Världen står inför en rad klimatförändringar, en befolkningsökning och en ökad urbanisering. För att kunnabehärska dessa utmaningar ställs det stora krav på samhällsplaneringen. Ett sätt för samhällsplaneringen attbidra till att fler människor kan minimera sitt ekologiska fotavtryck är att implementera ekologiskt hållbaraavfallsstrategier. Syftet med undersökningen är att ta reda på att hur samhällsplaneringen kan bidra till att skapaekologiskt hållbara avfallsstrategier. Med hjälp av Norra Djurgårdsstaden som fallstudie har intervjuer ochenkäter använts som metod för att skapa en större förståelse och insikt i det praktiska erfarenheterna avavfallsstrategierna i stadsdelen. Resultatet från empirin visar att det finns många aspekter som är bra medavfallshanteringen i Norra Djurgårdsstaden. Vidare finns det en del brister som skulle kunna undersökasnoggrannare. Slutsatserna visar på att det finns flera sätt för invånarna att tillgodose information kringavfallsstrategierna, däremot visar empirin att all denna information inte riktigt når ut till invånarna i NorraDjurgårdsstaden. En strategi som utifrån empirin visar på en god kännedom är Pop-up återbruket. Till sist kansamhällsplaneringen med fördel dra nytta av det praktiska erfarenheterna från empirin i samband med planeringen för ekologiskt hållbara städer.

This paper aimed to investigate infant mortality in the parishes of Luleå, Jokkmokk and Haparanda, in Sweden, during three different time periods: 1865, 1900 and 1935. The selected parishes represented diverse environments where previous research had identified varying infant mortality rates. Luleå represented urban setting. Jokkmokk represented the rural environment, and Haparanda represented coastal setting. The results from these parishes were compared with three parishes from western Sweden and contextualized within the broader perspectives of demographic and epidemiological transitions. These transitions refer to improvements in human living standards and conditions, leading to increased survival rates, longer life expectancy and reduced infant mortality during the 19th and 20th centuries. To address the research objectives, serval questions were posed: - How was mortality distributed between genders? - How was mortality distributed across the first year of the infants´ lives (neonatal/post neonatal)? - Did seasons influence infant mortality? - What were the common causes of death? - What differences and similarities existed in infant mortality among the three examined parishes and previously studied parishes in western Sweden? This historical demographic study relied on quantitative data, utilizing birth and baptismalrecords (födesle- och dopböcker), as well as death and burial records (död- och begravningsböcker) from the specified parishes and time periods. Information about deceased infants was extracted from these records and compiled into graphs and tables. The results were them compared with each other, previous infant mortality research, and placed within the broader framework of demographic and epidemiological transitions. The findings revealed both similarities and differences between northern and western Sweden. The infant mortality rate was higher among the boys, accounting for 53% of the deceased, while girls comprised 47%. However, the proportion of girls was higher in Norrland than in western Sweden. Mortality was highest in rural areas, followed by urban areas and coastal regions, contrasting with patterns in western Sweden. Jokkmokk exhibited a total mortality rate of 13% over the three time periods, while Luleå and Haparanda reported rates of 11% and 9%, respectively. Infant mortality was proportionally higher in northern Sweden than in western Sweden. Most infant deaths occurred during spring, and with an expected peak in summer. The neonatal phase accounted for the highest number of deaths. A trend was observed in northern Sweden, where more boys died due to reparatory-related reasons compered to girls, which was not evident in western Sweden. Conversely, most cases of death due to incomplete pregnancy involved girls. Infant mortality demonstrated a decline over the study period, aligning with the demographic and epidemiological transition.

The climate is changing at a rapid rate. This causes both an increase in temperature and precipitation in the northern high latitudes. Subarctic peatlands contain 30% of the carbon storage in the northern permafrost zone. Palsa mires are found in the subarctic peatlands in the northern hemisphere limited by the climate zone, which are expected to disappear within the next few decades. Degradation of permafrost can lead to carbon being released into the atmosphere, which contributes to carbon feedback. The Environmental Protection Agency gave the County Administrative Board in Norrbotten an assignment to carry out a total mapping of northern Sweden's palsa mires in 2014. Through aerial image interpretation, the County Administrative Board in Norrbotten made a grid with 100 x 100-meter squares used as an indicator where palsa mires were mapped in Sweden as presence/absence and percentage cover. This was done without any contour digitization. In my study, a total of 60 palsa mires were digitized over two transects in Norrbotten County using ArcGIS Pro and the 100 x 100-meter squares. Spatial and climate data were documented for each of the palsa mires to answer the questions of how the surface of the palsa mires has decreased and how the climate changed between 1960 and 2020. The spatial data consisted of altitude and geographical coordinates. The transects were examined both separately and together to examine differences within and between transects. The climate data consisted of the annual average temperature, seasonal winter temperature, annual average precipitation, seasonal winter precipitation, the length of the vegetation period, and frost days. The results showed that the palsas had a considerable degradation between 1960-2020. There was a difference between the northern and southern transects, for which the palsas had decreased the most in the southern transect. There was an association between reduced palsa surface and higher altitude above sea level. There was also an association between higher N coordinates and greater palsa size, and reduced palsa size with distance from the Scandinavian Mountain range. There has been an increase in both the annual temperatures and the seasonal winter temperatures. More precipitation both annually, and seasonally during the winter. The vegetation period length has increased while frost days have decreased. The palsas size has likely degraded due to the worsening climate conditions that were measured for all the palsas in this study between 1960 and 2020. Reduction of palsa mires leads to large emissions of stored carbon and contributes to positive carbon feedback that is predicted to increase the course of climate change now and in the future.

Nobelvägen, en stadshuvudgata i området Norra Sorgenfri, Malmö, samt ett biltrafikanternas Mecka. En fyrfilig asfaltshinna breder ut sig i ett område som kan liknas vid den, en gång, utopiska tanken om människan i en stadsmiljö porträtterad som ännu en mekanisk varelse. Utan känslor och fattig på upplevelser transporteras människor fram och tillbaka längs denna ödsliga väg på ett sätt som påminner om Henry Fords principer beträffande det löpande bandet. Alltför ofta i stadslandskapet kan man urskönja en planering där aspekter gällande transport och trafik separeras från den övergripande samhällsplaneringen. Ett perspektiv och en policy skräddarsydd för att överbrygga klyftan mellan de nu åtskilda planeringsgrenarna är livability. Begreppet utgör grunden och utgångspunkten för denna studie, där vi författare syftar till att undersöka hur en hårt trafikerad gata som Nobelvägen kan omvandlas från en genomfartssträcka till ett stadsrum som främjar det mänskliga livet. En avgränsad del av Nobelvägen har identifierats som central och agerar underlag för fallstudie och vidare även de gestaltningsförslag som presenteras i arbetet. Fallstudien såväl som gestaltningsarbetet vilar på teorier i form av urban kvalitet & design samt livability. Resultaten från våra observationer har analyserats och fem övergripande strategier för förändring har arbetats fram. Alla vilka stödjer en idé och ett perspektiv där det mänskliga, i form av gång & cykel, tar större plats och utmanar bilister och övrig motoriserad trafik på Nobelvägen. / Nobelvägen, a main city street in the area Norra Sorgenfri, Malmö, as well as a Mecca for motorists. A four-lane asphalt coating widens out in an area that can be likened to the, once utopian thought, of the human in an urban environment portrayed as yet another mechanical being. Without emotion and poor in experiences the street carries people back and forth along this desolate path in a way that is reminiscent of Henry Ford's principles regarding the famous assembly line. Too often in the urban landscape, one can discern a planning which aspects regarding transportation and traffic, is separated from the overall community planning. A perspective and a policy tailored to bridge the gap between the now separate planning segments are livability. This concept is the basis and starting point for this study, where the writers aims to investigate how a heavily occupied street, Nobelvägen, can be transformed from a transit route to an urban space that promotes human life. A delimited part of Nobelvägen has been identified as central and acting basis for the case study and further including the design proposal presented in this work. The case study as well as the design work is based on theories in the form of urban quality & design, and livability. The results of the observations were analysed and five overall strategies for change have been singled out. All of which support an idea and a perspective in which the human, in the form of walking & bicycling, assemble more space and challenge cars and other motorized traffic on Nobelvägen.

The study aimed to study how the Relocate project is described in the media and which discourses could be identified from the reporting. This was done using critical discourse analysis as a method and theoretical framework. The study has been based on the project application, the final report and news articles. Using the discourse analytical concepts of modality and intertextuality, the analysis has revealed linguistic patterns, disagreements, and different perspectives on the project. This, together with theories about the media's role in shaping perceptions and previous studies about Swedish mobility patterns, place marketing, the impact of industrial investments on regional employment, and discourses about northern Sweden, have formed the basis of the analysis. The analysis shows that the discourse regarding the Relocate project has been predominantly negative. Some of the most central arguments were that the price tag was not considered to be on par with the project's outcome. Other recurring arguments were disagreements about the project's purpose, and that the residents' tax money has been wasted. However, motivating people to move is demonstrably very difficult, and based on previous research it can be argued that the outcome was relatively good. The study also raised new questions about how to most effectively recruit labor to locations that are in great need. Which is particularly interesting given the large industrial investment in Skellefteå and northern Sweden, as well as the history of northern Sweden as a place of industrial development.

The Swedish municipalities are continually changing their population, both in size and composition. Regardless of the change it affects the conditions for achieving a balanced economy and the residents’ need for welfare. Today half of the municipalities are increasing versus reducing, which is a huge challenge. The purpose of the study is to describe the population development between four neighboring municipalities in Västerbotten, from the center to the periphery. Furthermore, examine how they have handled the population change and which geographical connections exist between the municipalities based on the choice of growth and adaptation strategies from Syssner (2014). The municipalities are Umeå, Vännäs, Bjurholm and Åsele.   This study is based on population statistics since 1983 and the annual presentation from 2017. The result is that all municipalities have more or less choice to use strategies linked to growth and adaptation. It’s mainly Umeå who invests in growth-generation measures and Bjurholm who invests the most in different kinds of adjustments. This geographical distribution does not correspond completely with The first law of geography by Tobler (1970). Something that might affect the distribution of strategies is the need for independence, which is higher for Åsele than Bjurholm. Which means that Åsele can’t rely on a larger city like Umeå in the same way. But something that corresponded well with Tobler (1970) was that municipalities that are geographically closer tend to relate to population change in a certain way and invest in certain types of measures compared to municipalities that are located further away. It means that Umeå and Vännäs or Bjurholm and Åsele are more equal than for example Umeå and Åsele.

Harbor developments have been realized in several European cities over the last years, becoming an important topic in the field of urban and regional planning. Despite their presence in innumerous sites with unlike contexts and backgrounds, those developments look pretty similar in terms of design and form. Are we witnessing the born of a generic and similar city? The aim of this paper is to investigate how similar are these areas and their positive or negatives effects upon the existing cities. Through a review on the main urban theories of the twentieth century it is possible to identify what are the contemporaneous trends in urban planning and how they have been employed in harbor developments. Four case studies were selected to illustrate these similarities, two almost completed: Dublin Docklands and Hamburg HafenCity, and two newly ones: Stockholm Norra Djurgårdsstaden and Copenhagen Nordhavnen. The findings indicated the case-studies share several similarities in terms of discourse, implementation strategy, sustainability, publicity and as well social and income inequalities. Contemporaneous urban discourse preaches for diversity which it is still far to be reached by the case-studies

Thesis:The aim of our study is to identify how IKEA's externalestablishment at Norra Backa can affect Kupolen and the centre. This in order to provide suggestions on how these trade areas can be connected and create a whole to thereby gain the purchasing power.Method:In our study we used triangulation. That means we have used both a quantitative and a qualitative approach. The quantitative method based on a survey with 100 respondents. The qualitative method is based on interviews with the centre conductors of Borlänge, Laila G Prosén and Anna Timander.Theory:The theories we have used is STP, substitution effects and effects of overspill, important factors for an attractive market town, Town Centre Management, Urban Retail Product.Conclusion: We found how IKEA's establishment at Norra Backa may affect Kupolen and the center of Borlänge then we gave suggestions on how these trade areas can be connected.