S’intégrant dans une époque moderne souvent définie par la déstabilisation des institutions et du rapport intersubjectif, les nouvelles de Katherine Mansfield présentent de nombreux exemples d’échecs intersubjectifs. Il s’agit donc d’effectuer un retour aux sources de la relation pour trouver les formes et modes de rencontre possibles et interroger leur potentiel fondateur. Telle que l’envisage Mansfield, la rencontre en tant que problématique de l’altérité – trouvée en soi ou en l’autre – s’organise selon trois espaces, symboliques ou réels : dans l’espace intime et intersubjectif, la rencontre déploie des enjeux ontologiques et existentiels ; dans l’espace géographique, elle invite à adopter une perspective qui interroge la place du politique dans les mouvements coloniaux et internationaux ; dans l’espace artistique, les déclinaisons infinies de la rencontre laissent envisager la possibilité d’une poétique originale façonnée par la convergence des arts, des genres et styles. La poétique de la rencontre se manifeste dans une logique qui n’est pas aristotélicienne au sens strict et où la création artistique est en jeu. / Modernity has been defined as a destabilizing time for both the institution and the subject. Katherine Mansfield’s short stories fit in this definition as they provide many examples of inter-subjective failure. It is thus fundamental to go back to the origins of the relationship in order to uncover the various types and modes of encounter and to interrogate their constructive potential. The encounter as Mansfield conceives of it addresses the question of otherness within three different spaces. The encounter displays ontological and existential stakes in the intimate space; it invites the reader to displace the critical perspective on colonial and global movements from the political to the cultural in the geographic space; and it unveils its countless variants in an artistic space, thus generating an original poetics shaped by the convergence of arts, genres, and styles. The poetics of the encounter manifests itself according to a definition that goes beyond the Aristotelian frame. What is at stake is artistic creation itself.

Depuis la Renaissance, l'Europe développe une perception globale du monde, en exerçant sur celui-ci un mouvement d'expansion et d'intégration. La venue de voyageurs et explorateurs français au Brésil dans la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle s'inscrit dans ce mouvement, autour duquel s'est façonné le concept de civilisation. Celui-ci apparaît lié à un rapport spécifique à l'espace et au temps, que les élites brésiliennes reprennent à leur compte, soucieuses de gagner la reconnaissance d'une appartenance au monde civilisé. A ce ‘chemin de la civilisation’ répond celui que prônent les voyageurs français pour la transformation des Indiens et des espaces sauvages brésiliens. Leurs expériences diverses se rejoignent dans la rencontre d'une altérité, perçue à travers le prisme d'un progrès de l'humanité. En décrivant les Indiens, les Français contribuent au recensement de la diversité humaine, tout en cherchant à la réduire. La nécessaire utilité des hommes et des terres pour l'ensemble de l'humanité teinte les écrits des voyageurs, qui les observent pour définir les modalités de leur transformation. L'universalité supposée du modèle de la civilisation fait écho à l'échelle universelle sur laquelle elle a construit sa vision du monde. Retracer le chemin de la civilisation, c'est dessiner en creux la possibilité d'autres conceptions du monde, fondées sur une appréhension différente de la réalité. C'est aussi s'interroger sur les prolongements actuels des valeurs de la civilisation occidentale du XIXe siècle. Si le regard porté aujourd'hui sur les Indiens se différencie de celui des voyageurs du passé, il est pourtant possible d'y déceler la marque d'une même structure héritée / Renaissance Europe saw the beginnings of a wider view of the world. This new, global perspective underlay the European projects of expansion and integration. The arrival of French explorers and travelers in Brazil in the second half of the 19th century was shaped by this movement , that shaped the very concept of civilization. This concept was rooted in a specific report to time and space, and the Brazilian elites, intent on being considered part of the civilized world, bought into it. To this ‘way of civilization’ responded the way advocated by French travelers for the transformation of the Indians and the Brazilian wilderness. Their encounters with the Other, while varied, were always interpreted in the prevailing terms of human progress. Describing the Indians, the French were adding to the understanding of the diversity of human societies, even while they sought at the same time to reduce it. The travelers made observations about the natives and their lands, and they considered how they might be refashioned and made more useful to humanity. The supposed universality of this model of civilization echoes the universal scale on which its vision of the world was based. Taking another look at the ‘way of civilization’ can let space for others conceptions of the world, based on different perceptions of reality. It makes wonder about those values of western civilization of the 19th century and their present outcomes. The look at Indians is not the same today than in the past, but, it's possible to detect in it the trace of a similar inherited structure

Cette étude décrit la singulière conception de la responsabilité qui se dégage des œuvres de Marguerite Duras sur la Seconde Guerre mondiale, en raison de son approche unique des thèmes de l'altérité (internes et externes) et des « Autres ». Mon étude montre comment les œuvres de Duras (les textes littéraires et les films) créent une interaction entre la mémoire et l'histoire, d'une manière qui offre une alternative aux récits et narratives dominantes de son époque. Mon analyse de l’œuvre de Duras se base sur trois cadres théoriques: une approche historique de la France, de la Seconde Guerre mondiale et de la mémoire collective française de ces années ; une perspective féministe de l'écriture des femmes sur la guerre ; et enfin, les théories du témoignage de l'Holocauste. Cette analyse multidisciplinaire, historique, culturelle, philosophique et éthique, me permet de démontrer comment les œuvres de Duras contribuent à la discussion publique autour de la responsabilité de la France par rapport à son histoire. Plus largement, mon étude permet de repenser le concept de « témoignage » et ses fonctions éthiques. Mon argument principal est que la lecture des œuvres de Duras en tant que témoignage offre une voie alternative concernant les questions historiques et les questions de la mémoire, de la narration et de la représentation. Cette lecture permet également de reconsidérer des concepts multi-niveaux tels que : la guerre, les relations de genre en temps de guerre, la vengeance, l’ennemi, la torture et la justice. Par conséquent, à travers l’analyse des œuvres de fiction et des récits autobiographiques de Duras, l'étude démontre comment la pratique du témoignage de l’auteure peut interpeller les lectrices et les lecteurs, en les encourageant à assumer une responsabilité au présent pour les événements du passé. / This study describes the unique conception of responsibility derived from Marguerite Duras' works about World War II by virtue of her unique approach in these works to the themes of otherness (both internal and external) and "Others." It demonstrates how Duras' works (both texts and films) create an interplay between memory and history in a way that offers an alternative to the dominant narratives of her era as well as to its dominant modes of narration. The discussion unfolds within three theoretical frameworks: the historical discourse about France in WWII and about the French collective memory of these years; the feminist discourse about women's writing on war; and the discourse about Holocaust testimony. This historical, cultural, and philosophical-ethical multidisciplinary analysis allows me to demonstrate how Duras' works contribute to the ongoing discussion about the French responsibility concerning their history and at the same time, more broadly, to rethink the concept of "testimony" and testimony’s ethical functions. My main argument is that reading Duras' works as testimonies offers an alternative way of relating to questions of history, memory, narration, and representation, as well as to the meanings of multilayered concepts such as war, gender power relations in war, revenge, enemy, torture, and justice. Hence, the study demonstrates through the fictional and autobiographic works of Duras how the practice of testimony can involve an assumption of responsibility for past events in the present.

Ce travail de thèse interroge les enjeux des idéologies et des pratiques linguistiques scolaires en Polynésie française, dans une perspective sociodidactique ayant pour finalité la recherche de leviers pour une meilleure réussite scolaire et éducative. Dans le cadre épistémologique et éthique de la complexité, la recherche met en oeuvre une méthodologie qualitative fondée sur une approche compréhensive à visée actionnelle. Ancré dans le domaine spécifique des sciences du langage, le parcours proposé appréhende ainsi les différents niveaux du système éducatif (macro i.e. politique linguistique éducative ; méso i.e. établissements et dispositifs ; micro i.e. la classe ; nano i.e. l’individu) tout en établissant des liens avec d’autres champs des sciences humaines (anthropologie, histoire, géographie culturelle, notamment). L’analyse des pratiques langagières met en relief l’existence d’un « macrosystème langagier », et permet de dessiner les contours d’un véritable capital collectif, plurilinguistique et pluriculturel. Il apparaît alors que le système éducatif évolue dans une tension dé/re/structurante entre trois modèles, celui d’un schéma diglossique jusque là dominant, celui, émergent, de la fierté d’une identité polynésienne plurilingue, mis en place par la Charte de l’éducation en 2012, et celui,potentiel, d’un macrolangage hybride, dynamique et pluriel. On réfléchit alors aux pistes qui peuvent permettre de valoriser cette ressource pluri langagière au service de l’amélioration de la qualité du système éducatif, dans une perspective socio-écologique visant à articuler espaces langagiers, territoires scolaires et réussite éducative. / This thesis questions the ideological stakes and school linguistical practices in French Polynesia, within a sociodidactical perspective, in the aim of finding ways to improve school and educational success. Within the epistemological and ethical framework of complexity, this investigation implements a qualitative methodology based on a comprehensive approach with an actional aim. Anchored in the specific field of the language sciences, this work apprehends the different levels of the educational system (macro – meso – micro – nano) establishing links with other human sciences fields. The analysis of language practices emphasizes the existence of a “language macrosystem” and allows us to draw the outlines of a true plurilingual and pluricultural collective background. Then, we think about the ways to highlight this multilinguistic wealthserving to improve the educational system quality

Submitted by Edileide Reis (leyde-landy@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-08T17:49:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 fabio.pdf: 4599570 bytes, checksum: c06c218c01a32088741ea09c794d01ff (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Lêda Costa(lmrcosta@ufba.br) on 2013-04-18T12:32:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 fabio.pdf: 4599570 bytes, checksum: c06c218c01a32088741ea09c794d01ff (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-04-18T12:32:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fabio.pdf: 4599570 bytes, checksum: c06c218c01a32088741ea09c794d01ff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-13 / Este projeto é uma tentativa artística de responder, de forma crítica, aos padrões que a medicina ocidental contemporânea impõe ao nosso corpo. Com bases teóricas que abarcam o pensamento de Kant, mais precisamente a dualidade inerente ao ser humano acerca de sua internalidade e externalidade, aliado à questão da memória em Bergson e apoiado nos discursos sobre a medicina formulados por Foucault, Canguilhem e Liana Bastos, desenvolvo o repertório desta dissertação. Além deste aparato filosófico, busco referências no trabalho, na história de vida, no legado e nas obras de alguns artistas, como Fernanda Magalhães e Dana Wyse, além de estabelecer uma ligação passageira com o trabalho de Frida Khalo e Joseph Beuys. O desejo por compreender a dor do sujeito objetualizado pela medicina levou‐me a confeccionar, como primeiro resultado para o Projeto Cápsulas – medicamento para o corpo, o trabalho chamado O Inteiro Dolorido, aqui apresentado. Este trabalho retrata, de modo poético, as questões que cercam a minha produção plástico‐visual e as reflexões tenho em relação ao Outrem. / Salvador

Esta pesquisa trata das relações entre história em quadrinhos e alteridade a partir da leitura da imagem do super-herói. O corpus empírico é constituído e povoado pelos personagens de Os Vingadores de Marvel Now, em um conjunto delimitado de relações e publicações. Tais relações levantam questões sobre a alteridade, na forma de imagens de estereótipo e privilégio que se desdobram em presenças e ausências do eu e do outro. Com base nos personagens escolhidos, realizo um cruzamento entre os conceitos de Scott McCloud, Umberto Eco e Moacy Cirne e estabeleço teorias relativas à linguagem dos quadrinhos. Além disso, apoiado pelos escritos de Gilbert Durand, Jean-Jacques Wunenburger e Ana Taís Martins Portanova Barros, monto esferas de relação entre os diversos campos do Imaginário e os aproximo da imagem do super-herói, formando um olhar capaz de apreendê-la e complexificá-la. Em meio a tais esferas de relação, é especialmente relevante a teoria durandiana de trajeto de sentido, que reposiciona e movimenta o conceito de imagem. Também resgato, nos estudos sobre alteridade de Ella Shohat, Robert Stam e Tzvetan Todorov, ideias relativas à imagem do eu e do outro, em uma busca pelo que constitui suas respectivas presenças e ausências. A premissa é a de que o super-herói das histórias em quadrinhos, em sua multiplicidade de vozes, torna-se rico em imagens de representação, de colaboração e de conflito entre o eu e o outro. A partir disso, realizam-se leituras e buscam-se conceitos para tornar visíveis e dar nome a tais imagens. / This research establishes connections with the comic book media and the concept of otherness from the standpoint of superhero comic book runs, which is shaped and populated by a limited set of characters and publications from The Avengers of Marvel Now. Such connections bring forth issues of privilege and stereotype, which are built and unfolded into images of presence and absence under the I and the Other. Based on the selected set of characters, there follows a cross-examining of the theories in Scott McCloud, Umberto Eco and Moacy Cirne, to establish the concepts concerning the comic book media language. Moreover, supported by the writings of Gilbert Durand, Jean-Jacques Wunenburger and Ana Taís Martins Portanova Barros, spheres of influence and cooperation are set between the fields of the Imaginary studies and those of the superhero’s image, shaping a view with the tools to capture and widen it. Among these spheres, the theories relating to Durand’s symbolic anthropology are highlighted to put into place new motions to the concept of image. Also key components to the ideas and notions of the I and the Other are the studies of Ella Shohat, Robert Stam and Tzvetan Todorov, which help on the quest for what constitutes their respective presences and absences. The major premise relies on the superhero’s multiplicity of voices, which makes it rich in images of representation, collaboration and conflict over the I and the Other. From it, readings and notions are made and worked with to show and assign a name to such images.

With respect to matters of identities as a treacherous and sensitive subject in today’s college classroom, this project explores concepts like identity, otherness, resistance, otherization, writer’s identity, and identity negotiation; and interrogates how these concepts may affect learning and professional relationship among the class members in the First Year Composition Classroom. The crux of the argument in this research is that process and social construction collaborative pedagogies can be effective in negotiating the resistance and otherness manifesting from identity dichotomies in the First Year Composition classroom.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:19:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Analzira Pereira do nascimento.pdf: 1186645 bytes, checksum: f062a256037924e2607d872cd8742fad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Throughout history the Church has adopted evangelizing practices which consolidated a mission paradigm that became tightly influenced by colonialist expansion enterprises. As from sixteenth century took place an embranchment with the Reformation, although this draft also failed to break away colonial logic. We have gone along with this pattern trajectory as affected by puritanism and pietism, in addition to illuminist ideas retouching, it comes to be formatted at United States of America generating a missionary paradigm dominant protestant. In meeting the other , we support that the Church, zealous with fulfilling expansion programs, continues to play the same colonialist logic of domination that reinforces the denial of "other" identity. The first chapter depicts the socio-cultural and epistemological paradigmatic crisis which also has affected contemporary missionary movement due to the mismatch amidst strategies used by the church and the fresh requests and challenges presented by the world. The second chapter demonstrates the missionary movement journey throughout history highlighting the events that would contribute for missionary paradigm setting; the third chapter follows its trajectory after the Reformation and how it became the dominant model at USA. Lastly chapter four introduces a reflection on a new way of thinking about mission proposing a dialogical decolonized missiology. / A igreja, no decorrer da História, adotou práticas evangelizadoras que foram sedimentando um paradigma de missão que veio a ser fortemente marcado pelos empreendimentos de expansão colonialista. A partir do século XVI, uma bifurcação é feita com a Reforma, mas este projeto também não consegue fugir da lógica colonial. Acompanhamos a trajetória deste modelo que, influenciado pelo puritanismo e o pietismo, e com o retoque das ideias iluministas, vem a ser formatado nos Estados Unidos da América, dando origem ao paradigma missionário protestante dominante. Sustentamos que a igreja, em seus encontros com o outro , zelosa por cumprir programas de expansão, continua a reproduzir a mesma lógica colonialista de dominação que reforça a negação da identidade do outro . O primeiro capítulo retrata a crise paradigmática sociocultural e epistemológica que também afetou o movimento missionário contemporâneo em virtude do descompasso entre estratégias usadas pela igreja e as novas demandas e desafios que o mundo apresenta. O capítulo dois mostra a caminhada do movimento missionário através da História, destacando os eventos que viriam contribuir para a configuração do paradigma de missão. O capítulo três acompanha a sua trajetória protestante depois da Reforma e como ele se tornou o modelo dominante nos EUA. Finalmente, o capítulo quatro traz a reflexão a respeito de um novo jeito de pensar a missão, propondo uma missiologia dialógica descolonizada.

A presente pesquisa busca analisar o fenômeno do conflito humano, sintoma do mal-estar trabalhado por Freud, quando expresso através da agressividade, da violência, do ato infracional e da exclusão do diferente que, em níveis extremos, resulta no genocídio. A partir daí, interessa-nos a avaliação de um método alternativo para a resolução desses conflitos, a justiça restaurativa, cujo posicionamento diverso do sistema jurídico-penal vigente é aqui embasado pela criminologia crítica, de Alessandro Baratta. Temos como pano de fundo o estudo da biopolítica, representada pelos processos de normalização e práticas jurídicas descritos por Michel Foucault, sobremaneira influentes na constituição das subjetividades, e, especificamente, o contexto sociopolítico-econômico brasileiro, cujas particularidades determinam o crivo seletivo do sistema penal, que pune com maior rigor as camadas mais vulneráveis da população. Com o foco da pesquisa no ato infracional cometido pelo sujeito adolescente, abordamos o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente, o qual, apesar de seu excelente texto e de já estar em vigor há vinte e um anos, parece resultar em processo similar de punição seletiva. Amparados pelas proposições de Giorgio Agamben, analisaremos situações onde o poder instaura um estado de exceção no qual as leis são suspensas em prol da autorização do extermínio, e o homem, destituído de sua condição humana e de seus direitos, não é mais visto como sujeito, senão enquanto vida que pode ser morta impunemente. Além de prisioneiros de campos de concentração, de acordo com o que originalmente propõe Agamben, influenciados pelo trabalho do psicanalista Paulo Endo, acreditamos que se aproximam dessa categoria os presidiários, tendo em vista as condições precárias em que se encontram subjugados, e os próprios adolescentes autores de ato infracional. Ambos encontram-se sob o jugo de um imaginário social de extrema intolerância, representado pelos clamores por uma segurança pública de “tolerância zero”. Realizamos uma leitura positiva acerca da violência e do ato antissocial, enxergando-os como denúncia, busca de reconhecimento, e, conforme propõe Winnicott, como resultado de privações e sinal de esperança. A justiça restaurativa, diante desse contexto, pode ser vista como espaço favorável a mudanças de perspectivas, da verticalidade para a horizontalidade, de uma cultura punitiva para uma cultura do diálogo, onde um sistema autoritário de resolução de conflitos dá lugar a um encontro no qual o conflito é devolvido àqueles a quem de fato pertence, possibilitando a visão do outro enquanto alteridade, e ainda a responsabilização e a restauração de um pacto social que fora rompido muito antes da ofensa em questão. No entanto, apesar da esperança que caracteriza nossas proposições, a pesquisa, embasada pela metodologia psicanalítica, tem como base duas asserções: um conflito original inconsciente, figurado pela pulsão de vida e pulsão de morte em incessante disputa no psiquismo, e a agressividade como inerente a todo o ser humano. Disso decorre que a paz que simboliza as aspirações utópico-projetistas será aqui questionada, abrindo a rasura de uma utopia iconoclasta, que busca, a partir da crítica do presente, a construção de outros porvires: um futuro que não podemos nomear e cujo formato não se pode enxergar. / This research examines the phenomenon of human conflict, a symptom of the malaise developed by Freud, as expressed through aggression, violence, criminal offenses and the exclusion of that which is divergent which, at extreme levels, results in genocide. From there, we are drawn to the study of an alternative method for resolving these conflicts – restorative justice – whose posture which differs from the current judicial penal system is based on the critical criminology of Alessandro Baratta. The backdrop for this study is biopolitics, represented by the processes of standardization and legal practices described by Michel Foucault, greatly influential in the formation of subjectivities, and, specifically, the social, political and economic context in Brazil, whose particular characteristics create the selective filter of the penal system, which punishes more vigorously the most vulnerable strata of the population. With the research focus on offenses committed by adolescents, we address the Statute of the Child and Adolescent, which, despite its excellent text and having been in force for twenty-one years, seems to result in a process similar to selective punishment. Supported by propositions from Giorgio Agamben, we will study situations where the government establishes a state of exception in which laws are suspended in favor of authorizing extermination, and man, stripped of his humanity and rights, is no longer seen as an individual, but as a life which can be taken away with impunity. Apart from prisoners in concentration camps, according to what Agamben originally proposed, we believe, as influenced by the work of psychoanalyst Paulo Endo, that inmates draw nigh to being in this category, taking into account the precarious conditions to which they are subjected, and the adolescents themselves who commit criminal offenses. We did a reading study about violence and antisocial acts, seeing them as a denunciation, a search for recognition, and, as Winnicott suggests, the result of deprivation and a sign of hope. Restorative justice, within this context, can be seen as a favorable milieu for a change of perspective, from verticality to horizontality, from a punitive culture to a culture of dialogue, where an authoritarian system for conflict resolution gives way to an encounter in which the conflict is bounced back to those to whom it actually belongs, making possible a vision of the other in terms of otherness, accountability and the restoration of a social pact that was broken long before the offense in question. However, despite the hope that characterizes our propositions, the research, grounded on psychoanalytic methodology, is based on two assertions: an original unconscious conflict, represented by the life instinct and death instinct in relentless competition in the psyche; and aggression as inherent to every human being. From this, the peace which symbolizes the aspirations of the utopian designers will be questioned here, making way for the removal of an iconoclastic utopianism, which seeks, on the basis of criticism of the present, the construction of another future: a future that cannot be denominated and whose format cannot be seen.

O tema central desta tese refere-se à alteridade no processo de construção de uma identidade individual, buscando uma concepção original do termo a partir de um fazer artístico. Dividida em duas partes, a pesquisa recorre à arte de ação e ao vídeo como linguagens propulsoras, na junção prático-teórica. A primeira parte desenvolve e problematiza as proposições realizadas em espaços públicos da cidade de Bogotá/Colômbia, que se centram na escuta e no serviço, direcionados ao Outro. A segunda parte se detêm sobre as proposições realizadas em âmbito privado, em abordagem autobiográfica e intimista do Eu. Sob a hipótese de que a identidade individual possa ser resultado de um coletivo de influências e aspectos apreendidos com o Outro, a alteridade é investigada pela fusão entre socialização e individualização. O desenvolvimento da tese se apóia em Bartolomè Ferrando, Clèment Rosset e Axel Honneth como referenciais teóricos, bem como o estudo comparado com proposições de artistas contemporâneos, como Esther Ferrer, Isidoro Valcárcel Medina e Tracey Emin, entre outros. / This thesis studies otherness in the process of construction of an individual identity, looking for an original understanding of the term through the artistic work. Divided in two parts, this study makes use of action art and videos as its propellant languages to bring together theory and practice. The first part develops and discusses the premises performed in public spaces in the city of Bogota, Colombia, that focused on listening and serving the Other. The second part focuses on premises performed in a private setting, in an autobiographical and intimate approach of the Self. Under the hypothesis that the individual identity is a result of a set of influences and aspects learned from the Other, otherness is studied through the merge of socialization and individualization. The development of the thesis leans on Bartolomè Ferrando, Clèment Rosset and Axel Honneth as theoretical references, as well as on comparative studies in relation to premises performed by contemporary artists, such as Esther Ferrer, IsidoroValcárcel Medina and Tracey Emin, among others.