Studiens syfte är att undersöka förskollärares perspektiv på lekens betydelse för barn i relation till utveckling och lärande. Lek ska enligt läroplanen för förskolan (Skolverket, 2018) ha en central plats i förskolan av den anledningen att den bidrar till barns utveckling och lärande inom många olika områden. Det lyfts fram att närvarande förskollärare kan bidra till lekens utveckling, stödja kommunikation samt vägleda barn i konflikthantering. Semistrukturerade intervjuer med åtta förskollärare har genomförts med stöd av ljudupptagning och anteckningar. Tematisk analys har tillämpats för att upptäcka varierande kategorier i förskollärarnas utsagor i förhållande till syfte och frågeställningar. Resultatet visar att samtliga förskollärare anser att leken är betydande för barns utveckling och lärande. Barn anses utveckla sociala och språkliga förmågor, de bearbetar tidigare erfarenheter och övar på sin föreställningsförmåga i leken. Beträffande förskollärarrollen i barns lek anses det betydande att vara närvarande eller deltagande för att varsebli barns intressen och förmågor. Förskolläraren kan bidra till kunskap, stöd och vägledning genom att närvara eller delta i barns lek. Slutsatsen är att lek främjar barns utveckling och lärande. Förskollärarens förhållningssätt är betydelsefull i relation till att stödja och uppmärksamma barns kunskaper och förmågor i leken.

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The purpose of the study is to investigate how preschool teachers work to develop each child's language development in reading aloud situations. Based on the purpose, the following questions were formulated: In what ways do preschool teachers challenge each child individually in their language development in read-aloud situations? and Which factors do the preschool teachers describe as decisive for how the adaptations look in reading aloud situations? To answer the questions, a qualitative method was used in the form of video observations and semi-structured interviews. The video observations aimed to answer the first question and the semi-structured interviews aimed to answer the second question. After the data collection, the empirical evidence was analyzed based on thematic analysis. The study is based on a socio-cultural perspective and the following analytical concepts were used to analyze the empirical evidence: mediation, mediation tool, the zone of proximal development and scaffolding. The main result of the study is that the preschool teachers in the interviews discuss concrete strategies for challenging children linguistically during reading aloud situations. However, it was observed that the answers often focus more on how children with limited verbal language can be challenged. Our observations confirm this in that the adaptations are mainly aimed at the children who are less verbally competent compared to their peers. / Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur förskollärare arbetar med att utveckla varje barns språkutveckling vid högläsningssituationer. Utifrån syftet formulerades följande frågeställningar: På vilka sätt utmanar förskollärare varje barn individuellt i deras språkutveckling vid högläsningssituationer? och Vilka faktorer beskriver förskollärarna är avgörande för hur anpassningarna ser ut vid högläsningssituationer? För att besvara frågeställningarna användes en kvalitativ metod i form av videoobservationer och semistrukturerade intervjuer. Videoobservationerna syftade till att besvara den första frågeställningen och de semistrukturerade intervjuerna syftade till att besvara den andra frågeställningen. Efter datainsamlingen analyserades empirin utifrån tematisk analys. Studien utgår från ett sociokulturellt perspektiv och följande analysbegrepp användes för att analysera empirin: mediering, medierande redskap, den proximalautvecklingszonen samt scaffolding. Studiens huvudsakliga resultat är att förskollärarna i intervjuerna diskuterar konkreta strategier för att utmana barn språkligt under högläsningssituationer. Dock uppmärksammade vi att svaren ofta fokuserar mer på hur barn med begränsat verbalt språk kan utmanas. Våra observationer bekräftar detta genom att anpassningarna främst riktas mot de barn som är mindre verbala jämfört med sina kamrater.

Studiens syfte är att belysa förskollärares resonemang kring musik i förskolan och dess potentiella möjlighet till att främja delaktighet samt att söka kunskap kring ämnet. Studien är gjord med semistrukturerade intervjuer av ett fåtal förskollärare och arbetet är analyserat utifrån ett sociokulturellt perspektiv. Relevanta begrepp som används i den här studien är medierande redskap, scaffolding, interkulturell kompetens och ”musicking”. Resultatet visar att musik enligt förskollärarna spelar en betydande roll för delaktighet i förskolan. Resultatet visar även att förskollärarnas eget intresse anses påverka musikundervisningen som genomförs. / The purpose of the study is to illustrate preschool teachers’ reasoning about music in preschool and its potential opportunities to promote participation and to seek knowledge about the subject. The study is made with semi-structured interviews of a few preschool teachers and the work is analysed with a sociocultural perspective. Relevant concepts used in this study include mediation tools, scaffolding, intercultural competence and “musicking”. The result shows that, according to the preschool teachers, the music plays a significant role in participation in early childhood education. It also shows the reasoning that the preschool teachers’ own interest shapes the music education that is carried out.

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Frühe mathematische Bildung ist in den vergangenen Jahren verstärkt auch zum Gegenstand der fachdidaktischen Forschung geworden. Ob frühpädagogische Fachkräfte im Rahmen ihrer Ausbildung oder beruflichen Praxis die zur Begleitung früher mathematischer Bildung erforderliche Kompetenz erwerben, wurde erst in den vergangenen sechs Jahren verstärkt empirisch untersucht. Nach wie vor können große Forschungsdesiderate identifiziert werden. Mit der vorliegenden kumulativen Dissertation wird ein Beitrag zur Schließung der Forschungslücken geleistet. Das Hauptziel der Arbeit ist die Analyse der Kompetenzstruktur angehender frühpädagogischer Fachkräfte im Bereich Mathematik unter Berücksichtigung von Dispositionen und situationsspezifischen Fähigkeiten. Damit verbunden sind die Entwicklung eines videobasierten Instruments zur Erfassung der situationsspezifischen Fähigkeiten und die Überprüfung der prognostischen und differenziellen Validität der im Rahmen des Projekts KomMa entwickelten Leistungstests zur Erfassung des professionellen Wissens. Im empirischen Teil der Arbeit wird gezeigt, dass es möglich ist, ein solches videobasiertes Instrument zu entwickeln. In einer quantitativ-empirischen Studie können erste Belege für die prognostische und differenzielle Validität der KomMa-Leistungstests gegeben werden. Bezogen auf das Hauptziel zeigt die Analyse der Daten, dass professionelle Kompetenz frühpädagogischer Fachkräfte im Bereich Mathematik erwartungsgemäß ein mehrdimensionales Konstrukt ist, bei dem insbesondere das fachdidaktische Wissen und anwendungsorientierte Überzeugungen bedeutsam für die Situationswahrnehmung und Handlungsplanung sind. Damit werden im Anschluss an die wenigen bisher vorliegenden Befunde zur professionellen Kompetenz frühpädagogischer Fachkräfte im Bereich Mathematik weitere Hinweise darauf gegeben, dass dies eine spezifische Form pädagogischen Handelns ist, die somit auch entsprechender Aus- und Weiterbildungsangebote bedarf. / In recent years early mathematical education has increasingly become a subject of didactic research. Whether preschool teachers acquire the competence needed to foster early mathematical literacy as part of their professional training or practice has been examined empirically only in the last six years. Up to now there are still some lacks of research which can be identified. The presented cumulative Ph.D. Study is a first step to close these research gaps. The main objective of this work is to analyze the competence structure of prospective preschool teachers taking into account their dispositions and situation specific skills. This entails two more goals, firstly, the development of a videobased assessment to measure situation specific skills, and, secondly, the review of the prognostic and differential validity of the two achievement tests to measure professional knowledge, developed within the KomMa-project. In the empirical part of the paper it is shown that it is possible to develop such a videobased assessment. In a quantitative empirical study first evidence for the prognostic and differential validity of the KomMa achievement tests is given. Concerning the main objective of this Ph.D. project, the professional competence of prospective preschool teachers in the field of mathematics is examined. As expected, it is shown that competence is a multidimensional construct. Especially the mathematics pedagogical content knowledge and the application-oriented beliefs of the prospective preschool teachers are predictive for their perception of situations and planning of actions. Following the current state of research this P.hD. project provides further evidence that professional competence of prospective preschool teachers in the field of mathematics is a specific form of mathematics education, which thus also requires appropriate training and further education opportunities.

The purpose of this study is to show the discourses that we can see in the texts from RFSU (2015) and “Rädda Barnen” (2013) about children's sexuality, we connect this empiricism to the preschool curriculum. Furthermore, we highlight the gaps that we can see are the different discourses in the texts and how present or absent physical factuality is. We also want to examine what it could mean for our didactic work with body factuality. Generally, there are a lot of texts about the importance of playfulness and many expressions that leave room for interpretation to the reader. We believe that concepts like playful, positive, equality, security, develop a responsible sexuality, private body parts, intimately, and so forth leaves subjective to interpretation of each individual preschool teacher. Children are described exploring their sexuality through play, were the body are in focus, but are often described limited as children's sexuality. Children's bodily feelings and sexuality described indistinct and confused resulting in that the body is made invisible. The discourses make themselves prominent in our discourse analysis is sexuality discourse, disquieting and fear discourse, discourse of norms, materialistic corporal discourse and the invisible discourse.

Human factor creates the greatest risk when working with people. Above all, to give a good example for future generations, it is necessary to select preschool teachers carefully. However, the role teachers play is not only to present a good example for children but to be also a colleague and team worker. Pre-school teachers are required to possess professional and personality competences. Therefore the process of recruitment and selection of teaching staff (followed by their adaptation in preschools) is one of the most important and difficult things in personnel management. Key staff, mangers and personnel officers are in charge of this process. It is highly important to be able to identify, evaluate and eliminate possible risks in the course of all recruitment process. To eliminate such risks is fundamental not only for key staff in education system. The aim of the paper is to define particular measures of prevention arising form identification and evaluation of possible risks during recruitment and selection of teaching staff school education, taking into account their future incorporation into the process of education. This papers reviews ways, procedures and experience of key staff in pre-schools creating background for successful recruitment and selection of useful team members. KEY WORDS:...

The interest of this study was preschool teachers’ experiences of creating and maintaining good relations to preschool children and the children’s response to these relations. Qualitative interviews with nine preschool teachers have been conducted in order to obtain the empirical material. The study has a lifeworld phenomenological approach and the theoretical points of departure are the interhuman thesis of Martin Buber, relational pedagogy and a philosophical caring perspective. The result shows that a good relation between preschool teacher and parents leads to good repercussions in the preschool teachers’ relation to the child. The preschool teachers’ approach concerning the ability to interpret the children’s different body languages, signals and needs is also an important part of the result. Further result shows that creating good relations to the children sometimes can be a time-consuming work. The children have a good ability to choose which adult that most satisfying can meet their current needs. The preschool teachers express the importance of the children’s right to their own emotions, mutual mental communication between child and preschool teacher, joy, positivity, to meet around common memories and an accepting and available environment. The preschool teachers also talk about being true to their own person in their relational work with the children or the children lose their trust in the adult. Different dilemmas were expressed regarding creating and maintaining good relations to the children in preschool and mainly focused on preschool teachers’ different approaches towards the children as problematic.

本研究旨在探討學前教師閱讀教學現況及其相關影響因素。本研究透過文獻分析以及結構式觀察研究法，以了解閱讀教學的現況及其相關影響因素。本研究之母群體為台北市公立幼稚園教師，採用立意取樣和隨機抽樣的方式，選取研究樣本共計35位教師。研究工具為自編之「學前教師閱讀教學現況檢核表」。使用SPSS套裝軟體，將所搜集的資料進行描述性統計、單因子變異數分析、二因子變異數分析、薛費法事後比較。 本研究之研究結論如下： 壹、學前教師閱讀教學現況 一、閱讀教學內涵 所有的教師會教授字彙知識、口頭語言中的語音和語用，以及閱讀理解中的表層理解，但是較少強調聲韻覺識中的音節辨義單位、拼音教學以及閱讀理解中的理解監控。 二、閱讀教學方法 學前教師在五個構面中最常使用的教學方法如下：(一)聲韻覺識：讓孩子聽唱押韻的詩歌；(二)字彙知識：製作姓名卡片，讓孩子認識自己的名字；(三)口頭語言：讓孩子唸讀押韻的短文；(四)背景知識：利用故事圖片，引導孩子瀏覽和討論；(五)閱讀理解：進行與故事書相關的活動，以增進背景知識。 三、閱讀環境 在閱讀環境的營造如下：(一)閱讀時間：不會每天安排團體閱讀時間，且缺少固定的自由閱讀時間；(二)閱讀空間：多有提供獨立的閱讀空間和開架書櫃；(三)文字環境：教師多有提供文字環境的佈置，如：字詞表、日曆…等(四)圖書資源：多有在教室放置大量的圖書資源和建立書籍借閱制度。 貳、影響學前教師閱讀教學之相關因素 不同的教學年資，對學前教師的閱讀空間營造有影響。不同的教師學歷，對閱讀教學沒有影響。不同的教師閱讀教學研習時數，對學前教師的閱讀教學內涵、方法和環境有影響。不同教學年資和教師學歷的交互因素，對學前教師背景知識教學內涵有影響。 / The main purpose of this study was to understand the status and related factors of preschool teachers’ teaching reading. Literature review and structure observation were adopted. The population was public preschool teachers in Taipei city. By means of purposive sampling and random sampling, the samples included 35 teachers. The research instrument, the status of preschool teachers’ teaching reading chick list, was designed from literature by myself. The observation data was analyzed statistically by description statistics, one-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA, and the Scheffé method through the use of SPSS. The major results are summarized in the following: A. The status of preschool teachers’ teaching reading a. the content of teaching reading All of the preschool teachers would teach vocabulary knowledge, pronunciation and language use of oral language, and surface comprehension of reading comprehension, but stress less on the tone, combining sounds of phonological awareness, and comprehension motoring of reading comprehension. b. the methods of teaching reading The methods of teaching reading using frequently in 5 dimensions: (a) Phonological awareness: Let children listen and sing rhyming poetry. (b) Vocabulary knowledge: To make children’s name cards. (c) Oral language: Let children read the rhyming short essay. (d) Background knowledge: To guided children flipping through the pictures of book and discussing. (e) Reading comprehension: To precede the relative actives. c. reading environment The reading environment includes 4 dimensions: (a) Reading time: The team reading time wasn’t arranged everyday. (b) Reading space: Most teachers would provide the independent space and an open shelf. (c) Print environment: Most teachers would decorate the classroom with the vocabulary agenda, a calendar, etc. (d) Book resources: Most teachers would establish a book-loaning system. B. The related factors of preschool teacher’s teaching reading Different working experiences influenced the reading space. Different educational backgrounds didn’t influence teaching reading. Different extended education hours influenced teaching reading. Different working experiences and different educational backgrounds influenced the background knowledge of reading .