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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
271

Expressão de miRNA-92a, miRNA-133a e miRNA-145 e correlações clínico-patológica e prognóstica em pacientes com câncer esporádico de cólon / Correlation of miRNA- 92a, miRNA-133a and miRNA- 145 expression profile with clinicopathological variables and oncological outcomes on non-hereditary colon cancer

Mário Vinícius Angelete Alvarez Bernardes 10 February 2017 (has links)
Introdução e Justificativa: O câncer colorretal é a 3ª neoplasia maligna mais incidente no mundo, e apresenta comportamento bastante heterogêneo aos tratamentos instituídos. Conseguir diferenciar os pacientes de acordo com seu prognóstico e comportamento tumoral é um desafio. A biologia molecular, através dos microRNA (miRNA), pode contribuir na identificação do perfil tumoral e ajudar a predizer os desfechos clínicos. Objetivos: Comparar a expressão tecidual de miRNA-92a, miRNA-133a e miRNA-145 de pacientes com câncer de cólon, correlacionando o perfil de expressão de miRNA com aspectos clínicopatológico e prognóstico. Casuística e Métodos: Quantificação de miRNA-92a, miRNA-133a e miRNA-145 pela técnica de reação em cadeia de polimerase em tempo real (RTPCR) em amostras de tecido tumoral em pacientes com câncer esporádico de cólon (grupo de estudo) operados entre janeiro de 2010 a dezembro de 2011 e em amostras de tecido colônico sadio de pacientes saudáveis (grupo controle) submetidos à colonoscopia de rotina para rastreio de câncer colorretal. Os resultados das dosagens de miRNA foram correlacionados ao valor do antígeno cárcinoembrionário (CEA), idade, estadiamento, invasão linfovascular, sobrevida livre de doença e sobrevida global. Resultados: A idade média dos pacientes foi de 66 anos e 60% eram do sexo masculino. No momento do diagnóstico inicial 22% apresentavam metástase à distância, e em 80% dos pacientes foi atingida ressecção R0. A sobrevida global foi de 46 meses e a sobrevida livre de doença foi de 32 meses. Apenas o miRNA-133a esteve hiopoexpresso no grupo de estudo (p=0,0007). Ao se correlacionar os perfis de expressão dos miRNA às variáveis clínico-patológica e prognóstica, a hiperexpressão do miRNA-92a esteve associada a maior sobrevida global (p= 0,044). Discussão: O tempo de espera entre o encaminhamento para hospitais terciários e o início do tratamento oncológico pode contribuir para o elevado índice de pacientes com doença metastática ao diagnóstico. Melhores desfechos têm sido associados a hospitais de maior volume, aparentemente devido à maior expertise de que esses hospitais possuem. O miRNA-133a, um supressor tumoral, tem sido hipoexpresso em amostras tumorais quando comparadas a tecidos sadios. Por sua vez, a hiperexpressão do promotor tumoral miRNA-92a que esteve associada a melhor prognóstico, pode ser explicada por uma desregulação dos genes alvo desse miRNA ou por diferenças geográficas na expressão dos miRNA. Conclusão: o miRNA-133a encontra-se hipoexpresso em amostras tumorais, enquanto que a hiperexpressão do miRNA-92a esteve associada a melhor sobrevida global. / Introduction: Colorectal cancer is the 3rd most common malignancy in the world, and their incidence has been increase in the last decades. Although patients diagnosed with early stage tumors have more than 65% of overall survival, behavior of colorectal tumors and their response to established treatments is quite heterogeneous. Gap: In this context, becomes interesting differentiate patients according to their prognosis and tumor behavior. Molecular biology through the miRNA quantification can improve the identification of tumor profile and predict clinical outcomes. Propose: Evaluate tumor profile tissue expression of miRNA- 92a, miRNA- 133a and miRNA-145 in patients with non-hereditary colon cancer, correlating with clinicopathological variables and oncological outcomes. Assessing the ability of the expression of these miRNA predict the prognosis. Methods: A dosage of miRNA-92a, miRNA-133a and miRNA-145 was performed in tumor tissue samples from patients with colon cancer (called study group) and non-tumoral colonic tissue samples from healthy patients (called the control group) by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results of miRNA levels were correlated with clinicopathological data and oncological outcomes. Results: Mean age was 66 years and 60% was male. At initial diagnosis, 22% of lesions had distant metastasis. R0 resection was achieved in 80% of patients. Disease-free survival was 32 months, and overall survival was 46 months. The MiRNA-133a showed higher values in the control group when compared to the study group (p = 0.0007), and miRNA-92a was associated with higher overall survival (p = 0.044). Discussion: Better outcomes in highly specialized centers could be explained by advances in surgical technique and perioperative care. MiRNA-133a was underexpressed in colonic tumoral tissue, likely others tumors. MiRNA-92a overexpression was associated with improve overall survival. It could be explained through deregulation of target genes or geographic patterns of miRNA expression. Conclusion: MiRNA-133a was underexpressed in study group, and over expression of miRNA-92a was associated with better overall survival.
272

Estudo dos receptores de retinol e do processo de EMT em carcinoma espinocelular de cabeça e pescoço e sua relação com o prognóstico

Vieira, Rúbia da Rocha January 2017 (has links)
O carcinoma espinocelular de cabeça e pescoço (CECP) é um problema de saúde pública que apresenta alta taxa de mortalidade, frequentemente relacionado à presença de recorrências locais e metástases. A descoberta de um pequeno subconjunto de células tumorais com características semelhantes às células-tronco, conhecidas como células-tronco tumorais (CTTs), tem sido relatadas como as principais responsáveis pelo início, progressão e recidiva do CECP. O processo de metástase nestas neoplasias é bastante complexo e envolve o desprendimento de células epiteliais tumorais do local de aparecimento primário devido à subexpressão ou superexpressão de algumas proteínas específicas nestas células, caracterizando um processo conhecido como transição epitélio-mesenquimal (EMT). A compreensão dos mecanismos envolvidos no processo de EMT têm sido investigados para o desenvolvimento de terapias específicas. O ácido retinoico (AR) vem sendo empregado em diversas terapias devido a sua capacidade de controlar a proliferação e promover diferenciação celular, entretanto, anormalidades na expressão ou função de seus receptores são relatadas em muitos tipos de células do câncer. Este estudo tem por objetivo correlacionar a expressão de marcadores do processo de EMT, marcador de célula tronco tumoral (ALDH1) e receptores do ácido retinoico e de retinoide X (isoformas α e β) em amostras teciduais provenientes de portadores de CECP primários, além, de correlacionar os resultados obtidos com os parâmetros clínicos, características histopatológicas e prognóstico destes pacientes em um período de acompanhamento de 7 anos. / The head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a public health problem that presents high mortality rates in relation to the presence of local recurrences and metastases. A finding of a small subset of tumor cells with stem like-cells characteristics, known as cancer stem cells (CTTs), has been reported as being primarily responsible for the onset, progression and recurrence of CECP. The metastasis process in these neoplasms is quite complex and involves the tumor epithelial cells detachment from the primary site of appearance due to underexpression or overexpression of some specific proteins in these cells, characterizing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. An understanding of the mechanisms involved in the EMT process has been investigated for the development of specific therapies. Retinoic acid (AR) has been used in several therapies because its ability to control the proliferation and promote cell differentiation, however, abnormalities in the expression and function of its receptors are reported in many types of cancer cells. The aim of this study was to correlate the expression EMT process markers, tumor stem cell marker (ALDH1), retinoic acid and retinoic acid X receptors (α and β isoforms) in tissue samples from primary CECP, in addition, to correlate the results with the clinical parameters, histopathological and prognostic characteristics of these patients in a 7 years follow-up.
273

Parâmetros nutricionais na predição da mortalidade em 30 e 90 dias pós gastrectomia por câncer

Poziomyck, Aline Kirjner January 2016 (has links)
Introdução: A desnutrição é muito prevalente em pacientes com câncer gástrico e aumenta o risco de morbidade e mortalidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar qual o método de avaliação nutricional melhor prediz a mortalidade de 90 dias. Métodos: Quarenta e quatro pacientes, 29 homens e 15 mulheres; média(DP) 63 anos de idade (10,2) anos (intervalo = 34 a 83), submetidos a ressecções cirúrgicas, nove gastrectomias parciais e 34 (77,3%) gastrectomias totais para os tumores do estômago (Estágio II a IIIa ) foram avaliados no pré-operatório pela Avaliação Subjetiva Global Produzida Pelo Paciente (ASG-PPP), antropometria e métodos laboratoriais como previamente validados em outros estudos. Resultados: Vinte e nove (66%) eram desnutridos pelo método subjetivo, sendo 15 grau A, 18 grau B e 11 casos grau C. A média(DP) de espessura do músculo adutor do polegar da mão dominante (MAPD) foi de 13,2(3,8) mm e a média de albumina sérica(DP) foi de 3,9(0,5)g/dL. Os casos com ASG-PPP-B (p<0,013) e com MAPD ≤10,8mm (p=0,003) foram significativamente associados à maior mortalidade. As curvas ROC (intervalo de confiança de 95%) de ambas ASG-PPP e espessura da MAPD (0,74 e 0,78) fidedignamente predisseram mortalidade em 30 dias e 0,739 e 0,866 respectivamente em 90 dias. Conclusão: ASG-PPP e espessura da MAPD podem ser utilizados como parâmetros pré-operatórios para risco de morte. / Background: Malnutrition is very prevalent in patients with gastric cancer and increases the risk of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine which nutritional assessment method better predicts 90-days mortality. Methods: Forty-four patients, 29 men and 15 women; mean(SD) age of 63(10.2) yr (range = 34 to 83), undergoing surgical resections, nine (20,5%) partial gastrectomies and 34(77,3%) total gastrectomies for stomach tumors (Stage II to IIIa) were preoperatively assessed by Patient Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA), anthropometry and by laboratory sampling as previously validated in other studies. Results: Twenty-nine (66%) of them were unnourished by the subjective method as 15 grade A, 18 grade B, and 11 grade C cases. Mean(SD) of dominant hand adductor pollicis muscle thickness (DAPMT) was 13.2(3.8) mm and mean(SD) serum albumin was 3.9(0.5)g/dL. PG-SGA grade B cases (P<0.013) and DAPMT ≤10,8mm (P=0,003) were significantly associated with higher mortality. Receiver operating characteristic curves (95% confidence interval) both PG-SGA and DAPMT (0.74 and 0.78) reliably predicted in 30-day and 0.739 and 0.866 respectively in 90-day mortality. Conclusion: PG-SGA and DAPMT may be used as preoperative parameter of risk of death.
274

Détection des anomalies génétiques dans les LAL-T : de la biologie à la clinique / Détection of genetic abnormalities in T-ALL : from biology to the clinic

Ben Abdelali, Raouf 19 April 2011 (has links)
Les leucémies aiguës lymphoblastiques T (LAL-T) sont caractérisées par la prolifération maligneincontrôlée de précurseurs lymphoïdes T bloqués dans la différenciation. Les stades d’arrêt dematuration observés dans les LAL-T reproduisent fidèlement les différentes étapes de la maturationthymique humaine. Ainsi nous avons montré que le facteur de transcription myéloïde CEBPA, expriméuniquement dans les précurseurs thymiques les plus immatures (ETP), est réprimé par un mécanismed’hyperméthylation dans les LAL-T à l’exception des formes les plus immatures. Il est aujourd’huicommunément admis que les LAL-T constituent une pathologie dite « multi-hits » où les oncogènesde type A affectent la différenciation tandis les oncogènes de type B sont impliqués dans la régulationdu cycle cellulaire, l’auto-renouvellement et/ou l’engagement dans la lignée T. La voie de signalisationde NOTCH, cruciale pour le développement lymphoïde T, est constitutivement activée par la survenuede mutations des gènes NOTCH1 et/ou FBXW7 (N/F) dans environ 60% des LAL-T. La valeurpronostique de ces mutations est controversée. Dans notre travail, nous avons montré que lesmutations de N/F sont plus fréquentes dans les LAL-T arrêtées à un stade de maturation cortical etconfèrent un bon pronostic qui semble toutefois dépendre de la chimiothérapie administrée. Grâce àl’étude de cette large cohorte de LAL-T nous avons pu également établir la fréquence de l’anomalieoncogénique CALM-AF10. Cette dernière est très fréquente dans les LAL-T qui se développent àpartir des ETP dites de mauvais pronostic. Nous avons montré que c’est la présence de l’anomalieCALM-AF10 qui confère le pronostic défavorable à ce sous-type de LAL-T. Contrairement à lalittérature nous n’avons pas retrouvé de valeur pronostique liée à la surexpression des gènes ERG etBAALC. L’étude des anomalies génétiques des LAL-T permet de mieux comprendre l’oncogénèse etd’identifier les anomalies avec une valeur pronostique. L’intérêt de ces travaux est d’apporter une aideaux cliniciens pour une stratification thérapeutique adaptée afin de donner les meilleures chances desurvie aux patients. / T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) are lymphoid neoplasms characterized by theproliferation of malignant T lymphoblasts arrested at early stages of maturation. Maturation arrest in TALLmirrors normal lymphopoiesis. Thus we have shown that the myeloid transcription factor CEBPA,expressed only in the most immature thymic precursors (ETP), is commonly repressed byhypermethylation in T-ALL with the exception of the most immature subset. It is now widely acceptedthat T-ALL is a “multi-hits” disease where the type A oncogenes affect the differentiation while type Boncogenes are involved in cell cycle regulation, self-renewal and T-cell commitment. The Notchsignaling pathway, crucial for T cell development, is constitutively activated by the occurrence ofmutations in NOTCH1 and /or FBXW7 (N / F) genes in approximately 60% of T-ALL. The prognosticvalue of these mutations is controversial. In our study, we showed that N/F mutations are morefrequently observed in T-ALL arrested at a cortical stage of maturation and confer a good prognosiswhich seems to be influenced by the therapeutic regimen. In this large cohort of T-ALL we could alsodetermine the frequency of the CALM-AF10 oncogenic abnormality. The latter is very common in TALLdeveloped from ETP wich are of very poor prognosis. We have shown that this is the presence ofCALM-AF10 which confers the poor prognosis in this subtype of T-ALL. Contrary to the litterature wedid not find any prognostic value associated with the overexpression of ERG and BAALC genes. Thestudy of genetic abnormalities in T-ALL provides a better understanding of oncogenesis and identifyabnormalities with prognostic value. The interest of this work is to assist clinicians for an efficienttherapeutic stratification to overcome the poor outcome of T-ALL patients.
275

Contribution de deux clusters de microARN soumis à empreinte parentale à la progression tumorale et au pronostic des neuroblastomes / Contribution of two parental imprinted microRNA clusters in tumor progression and prognosis of neuroblastoma

Gattolliat, Charles-Henry 24 September 2013 (has links)
Le neuroblastome, tumeur embryonnaire d’origine neuro‐ectodermique, représente, après les tumeurs cérébrales, la tumeur maligne la plus préoccupante de l’oncologie pédiatrique. L’extrême hétérogénéité des tumeurs neuroblastiques conduit d’une part, à rechercher les mécanismes de son oncogenèse, d’autre part, à améliorer la prédiction du risque de gravité, au diagnostic de la maladie.Le travail de thèse a consisté, à l’aide d’une cohorte tumorale de patients et de lignées de neuroblastome, à rechercher les microARN impliqués dans la progression tumorale. En comparant des tumeurs de bas risque à celles de haut risque, plusieurs microARN du cluster C14MC, situés au locus 14q32.31, ont été identifiés. L’expression de ces microARN corrèle le pronostic ; les tumeurs de haut risque présentant une perte d’expression différentielle. Ainsi, l’expression de miR‐487b et miR‐410 s’est révélée être un facteur pronostique supérieur à l’algorithme de risque standard actuel (âge, stade, statut de l’amplification de l’oncogène N‐MYC). Le contexte d’empreinte génomique parentale du cluster C14MC a conduit à rechercher d’autres microARN d’intérêt sur le second cluster de microARN du génome, C19MC, lui aussi soumis à empreinte. Dans les tumeurs de haut risque, une hyper‐expression relative du miR‐516a‐5p est significativement associée au pronostic. La combinaison des niveaux d’expression de miR‐487b et miR‐516a‐5p se révèle être un facteur pronostique supérieur aux seuls microARN du cluster C14MC : elle offre une nouvelle stratification de risque.Dans les tumeurs neuroblastiques, la dérégulation d’expression serait circonscrite aux microARN des deux clusters C14MC et C19MC ainsi qu’aux gènes vicinaux DLK1 et MEG3 du locus 14q 32.31, elle résulterait d’anomalies de méthylation. Le traitement de lignées de neuroblastome de phénotype neuronal par des modulateurs de l’épigénome (5‐Azacytidine et acide phényl‐butyrique) lève l’expression des microARN du C14MC et des gènes DLK1 et MEG3. Quant aux gènes cibles des miR‐487b et miR‐516a‐5p, les recherches désignent les gènes N‐MYC, TWIST1 et TWIST2 comme candidats directs ou indirects. Ces résultats et la littérature – rapportant, dans les formes agressives de plusieurs types de cancers de l’adulte, des anomalies d’expression des microARN des clusters C14MC (hypo‐expression) et C19MC (hyperexpression) – suggèrent très fortement l’implication de ces deux clusters dans la carcinogenèse humaine. / Neuroblastoma, an embryonal tumour of neuro‐ectodermal origin, stands up with brain tumours as the most worrying cancer of paediatric oncology. The huge heterogeneity of neuroblastic tumours has led i) to find oncogenic mechanisms, and ii) to refine risk stratification of the disease. In using a tumour cohort of patients as well as human NB lines, we sought for microRNA involved in neuroblastoma tumour progression. Comparison of tumours of low‐risk to those of high‐risk resulted to identifying several microRNA composing the C14MC cluster (located within the 14q32.31 locus), whose expression was associated with prognosis; high risk tumours having a differential lower transcript level.Expression of miR‐487b and miR‐410 was a better prognostic factor than the standard algorithm based on age, stage, and N‐MYC genomic content status. As the C14MC cluster belongs to a imprinted locus, the second cluster of microRNAs so far described in the human genome as imprinted, i.e., the C19MC, was analysed: in high‐risk neuroblastoma, miR‐516a‐5p transcript level was differentially up‐regulated (contrasting to microRNAs from C14MC) and was also associated with prognosis. Combination of transcript levels of miR‐487b and miR‐516a‐5p provides a powerful prognostic factor better than only miR expression from C14MC. Therefore, new risk stratification has been proposed.In neuroblastoma, tumour expression deregulation found to be restricted to C14MC and C19MC as well as the DLK1 et MEG3 harboured by the 14q32.31 locus, should result from methylation anomalies. Epigenetic modulators (5‐AZA and PBA) resulted in a significant increase of miR from C14MC as well as DLK1 and MEG3 genes. With regards to target genes, our results point out N‐MYC, TWIST1 and TWIST2 as direct or indirect targets of miR‐487b & miR‐516a‐5p. Our data and literature – indicating relative underexpression of C14MC microRNAs and hyper‐expression of C19MC microRNAs in aggressive forms of various adult cancers – thus stress the potential involvement of the two clusters in human carcinogenesis.
276

Impact pronostique des comorbidités chez les personnes vivant avec le VIH âgées de 60 ans et plus. / Prognostic impact of comorbidities in people living with HIV aged 60 and over.

Hentzien, Maxime 22 November 2018 (has links)
L’épidémiologie du VIH est en train de changer. Une nouvelle population, vieillissant avec le VIH, émerge et devrait prendre une place considérable dans les années futures. Les comorbidités liées à l’âge (CLA) sont nombreuses dans cette population et peu d’études évaluent leur impact conjointement. La création d’index pronostique dans cette population est une priorité de recherche. Les objectifs de cette thèse étaient donc d’étudier chez les patients vivant avec le VIH (PVVIH) âgés de 60 ans ou plus, la prévalence des principales CLA, d’identifier celles prédictives de la mortalité globale ou de l’excès de mortalité liée au VIH sur 5 ans, et de construire et réaliser la validation interne d’un score prédictif de mortalité sur 5 ans associant CLA et facteurs liés au VIH. Pour cela nous avons constitué une cohorte de 1415 PVVIH âgés de 60 ans ou plus, suivis entre 2008 et 2013 issus de la cohorte nationale française Dat’AIDS. Nous montrons que les CLA sont nombreuses chez les PVVIH âgés, et qu’elles impactent la mortalité globale ainsi que la mortalité liée au VIH. Les maladies cardiovasculaires et la maladie rénale chronique méritent une attention toute particulière du fait de leur prévalence et de leur impact. Le développement d’un score de comorbidités prédictif de la mortalité sur 5 ans, simple et discriminant, concernant une population qui sera considérable dans les années futures, pourra sous réserve de sa validation externe être utile au clinicien pour l’évaluation du rapport bénéfice-risque, et au chercheur pour stratifier une population par groupe de risque de mortalité ou pour évaluer l’impact d’une intervention dans un groupe particulier. / The epidemiology of HIV is changing. A new population, aging with HIV, is emerging and is expected to take a significant place in future years. Age-related comorbidities (ARC) are numerous in this population and few studies evaluate their impact simultaneously. The validation of prognostic indexes in this population is a research priority. The objectives of this thesis were therefore to study, in people living with HIV (PLHIV) aged 60 or over, the prevalence of the main CLAs, to identify those predictive of overall mortality or HIV-related excess mortality over 5 years, and to construct and carry out the internal validation of a 5-year mortality prediction score associating CLA and HIV-related factors. For this purpose, we selected, from the French national Dat'AIDS cohort, 1415 PLHIV aged 60 or older followed between 2008 and 2013. We showed that CLA are numerous in older PHAs, and that they impact overall mortality as well as HIV-related mortality. Cardiovascular disease and chronic renal disease deserve special attention because of their prevalence and impact. The development of a simple and discriminating 5-year mortality comorbidity-based prediction score for a population that will be considerable in future years may, once externally validated, be useful to the clinician for the evaluation of the risk-benefit ratio, and to the researcher to stratify a population by mortality-risk groups or to assess the impact of an intervention in a particular group.
277

Dose de diuréticos em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca congestiva descompensada / Dose of diuretic therapy in the decompensated congestive heart failure

Cardoso, Juliano Novaes 24 March 2011 (has links)
Fundamento: A terapia com diurético é fundamental para o tratamento da insuficiência cardíaca congestiva descompensada. Entretanto, a prescrição desse medicamento é feita de maneira empírica e a piora da função renal é frequente. A perda ponderal é uma maneira objetiva e eficaz para acompanhar a melhora da congestão. Objetivos: avaliar os efeitos da terapia com diurético guiado pelo peso na evolução da função renal e na compensação dos pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca congestiva descompensada. Métodos: em estudo clínico randomizado, selecionamos pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca descompensada, sinais de congestão, fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo < 45% e alocados aleatoriamente para terapia com diurético guiada pelo peso (G) ou grupo convencional (C). A perda ponderal máxima esperada no seguimento foi: dia (d) 1= - 2,1%; d 2 - 4,2%; d 3 6,1%; d 4 -7,9%; d 5 -9,5%; d 6 -11%; d 7 -12,3%; d 8 -13,3%; d 9 -14%; d 10 -14,2%. %. Na terapia guiada a dose inicial de furosemida endovenosa foi de 120 mg/dia e de hidroclorotiazida foi de 50 mg/dia. O ajuste foi realizado diariamente na dose de furosemida baseado na relação perda observada/perda esperada (O/E) até a melhora da congestão ou por um tempo máximo de 10 dias. Se O/E fosse 2 a dose de furosemida era reduzida em 33,3%, se a relação fosse 0,5 a dose era aumentada em 33,3% e se a relação obtida ficasse entre 0,51 e 1,99 a dose de furosemida era mantida. Os desfechos considerados foram a piora da função renal (aumento creatinina 0,3 mg/dl) e tempo para melhora da congestão. A análise entre associação do esquema diurético e a incidência da piora da função renal foi feita pela regressão logística. Foi considerado significante P < 0,05. Resultados: Foram incluídos 72 pacientes, sendo 34 no grupo G e 38 no grupo C. A idade média foi de 58,1 anos (11,77), a fração de ejeção média do ventrículo esquerdo foi de 23,1% (6,59) e a creatinina inicial média foi de 1,33 mg/dl(0,38). A piora da função renal ocorreu em 26,5% (G) e 26,3% (C) P=0,988. No grupo G a perda ponderal no dia 5 foi de -8,15%±4,9 vs - 4,35% ±4,14 (C) P < 0,001, o percentual de compensação foi maior no grupo G 91,2% vs 60,5% (grupo C) P < 0,001 e o tempo observação foi de 5,02 dias (2,5) no grupo G vs 8,66 dias (2,8) grupo C P < 0,001. A regressão logística revelou como preditores de mortalidade total: etiologia chagásica, BNP, ausência de IECA, sódio sérico inicial e piora da função renal. Conclusões: No grupo que utilizou hidroclorotiazida e furosemida guiada pelo peso houve perda ponderal mais intensa e resolução mais rápida da congestão, contudo sem causar piora da função renal. A piora da função renal foi preditora de pior prognóstico / Background: Diuretic therapy is an essential element in the treatment of decompensated congestive heart failure. However, since these drugs are generally prescribed in empirical way, worsening renal function is frequent. Weight loss is an objective and efficient way to follow-up the improvement of congestion. Objectives: In order to evaluate the effects of a tailored diuretic therapy based on weight-change on the evolution of renal function and on the compensation of patients with decompensated congestive heart failure. Methods: Patients with decompensated congestive heart failure, congestion signs, fraction of ejection of the left ventricle < 45% and randomly allocated to a diuretic therapy based on weight-change (G) or control group (C) were selected for a randomized clinical study. The maximum weight expected in the follow-up days was: day (d) 1- 2.1%; day 2 4.2%; day 3 6.1%; day 4 - 7.9%; day 5 -9.5%; day 6 -11%; day 7 -12.3%; day 8 -13.3%; day 9 -14%; day 10 -14.2%. In the diuretic therapy based on weight-change the initial dose of intravenous furosemide was 120 mg/day and the hydrochlorothiazide dose was 50 mg/day. The daily adjustment of the furosemide dose was based on the ratio between the observed/expected weight losses (O/E) until improvement of congestion or for a maximum period of 10 days. If O/E ratio was 2.0, furosemide was reduced by 33.3%. If O/E ratio was 0.5, furosemide was increased by 33.3%, and if the O/E ratio obtained was between 0.5 and 1.99, furosemide dose was maintained. The outcomes considered were worsening renal function (serum creatinine increase 0.3 mg/dl) and the period of improvement of congestion. The analysis of the association of the diuretic treatment and the incidence of worsening renal function was performed by logistic regression. A P value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: 72 patients, 34 in group G and 38 in group C participated in the study. Their mean age was 58.1 years (11.77), the average fraction of ejection of the left ventricle was 23.1(6.59) and the initial serum creatinine level was 1.33 mg/dl(0.38). Worsening renal function occurred in 26.5% (G) and 26.3% (C) P=0.988. In group G weight loss on day 5 was -8.15%±4.9 vs 4.35% ±4.14 (C) P < 0.001, the percentage of compensation was higher in group G 91.2% vs 60.5% (group C) P < 0.001 and the observation period was 5.02 days (2.5) in group G vs 8.66 days (2.8) group C P < 0.001. Logistic regression revealed the following variables associated to mortality: etiology of Chagas disease, BNP level, absence of ECA inhibitor, dosage of initial serum sodium and worsening renal function. Conclusions: The group that received hydrochlorothiazide plus furosemide based on weight-change was associated to more intense weight loss and faster resolution of congestion without worsening renal function. Worsening renal function was a predictor of poor outcome
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Avaliação prognóstica funcional de nervos cranianos de pacientes submetidos à exérese de schwannoma vestibular / Functional prognostic analysis of cranial nerves in patients submitted to excision of vestibular schwannoma

Abbas, Raiene Telassin Barbosa 26 May 2017 (has links)
Introdução: O schwannoma vestibular (SV) é um tumor benigno que se origina na bainha de schwann de um dos nervos vestibulares. De acordo com sua topografia lesões nos nervos cranianos facial, trigêmeo, coclear e bulbares podem estar presentes. Apesar do conhecimento da possibilidade de lesão nos nervos cranianos bulbares, a condução de estudos com o intuito de identificar alterações funcionais relacionadas raramente é estudada. Objetivos: Analisar fatores prognósticos de resultados funcionais relacionados aos nervos cranianos facial, trigêmeo, coclear e bulbares e correlacionar o prognóstico fonoaudiológico com os resultados de escalas funcionais finais dos nervos cranianos avaliados. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo de coorte com coleta de dados parcialmente retrospectiva que analisa a incidência de déficits funcionais de nervos cranianos em pacientes submetidos à exérese de SV, por meio de um protocolo de avaliação clínica estruturado (PAEC) especificamente para este estudo. O PAEC foi constituído de 2 sessões, sendo a primeira referente aos fatores prognósticos de sequelas e a segunda com dados funcionais referentes à deficiência auditiva (DA), comprometimento neurológico global (CNG), paralisia facial periférica (PFP), disfagia (DG) e fonação (DF). A coleta de dados foi realizada durante os meses de janeiro a junho do ano de 2016 no ambulatório de tumores da divisão de neurologia funcional do instituto de psiquiatria do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio do software SPSS de modo inferencial univariado e multivariado adotando um p valor inferior a 0.05. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 101 sujeitos, sendo 77,2% do sexo feminino e 22,8% do sexo masculino. A média de idade correspondeu à 47,1 anos. Foram identificados 20,8% pacientes portadores de neurofibromatose do tipo 2 (NTFII). A via de acesso cirúrgico preferencial foi a retrossigmoidea (92,1%) com média tumoral igual a 3,4cm.70% dos pacientes apresentaram ressecção total do tumor com uma única abordagem. Na análise univariada foram identificados os fatores preditivos de sequela por desfecho estatisticamente significantes tamanho tumoral, presença de neurofibromatose e ressecção total respectivamente- CNG ( < 0,001; 0,023; 0,010), DG (pvalor < 0,001; pvalor 0,007; pvalor < 0,001), DF (pvalor 0,013; pvalor 0,002), confirmados pela análise multivariada respectiva - CNG (Odds Ratio (OD) 1,5 - pvalor 0,07; OR 3,5 - pvalor 0,036; OR 2,4- pvalor 0,08), DG (OR 2,3 - pvalor 0,006; OR 5,7 - pvalor 0,015; OR 3,9 - pvalor 0,018) e DF (OR 1,6 -pvalor 0,062; OR 5,5 - pvalor 0,006). Para o desfecho PFP a análise univariada foi estatisticamente significante para NTFII (pvalor 0,009) e PFP prévia (pvalor < 0,001) confirmados pela análise multivariada (OR 24,6 - pvalor 0,009; OR 0,3 - pvalor < 0,001), neste desfecho foi realizado estudo correlacional entre as escalas funcionais de DG (pvalor < 0,001) e CNG (pvalor < 0,001) com resultados estatisticamente significantes para a correlação entre os desfechos. Os sinais clínicos da deglutição estatisticamente relevantes corresponderam em 44,4% fase preparatória oral e oral e 66,6% fase faríngea. Conclusões: Os fatores prognósticos significativos relacionados aos déficits funcionais encontrados neste trabalho foram o tamanho do tumor e presença de NFT II em todos os desfechos estudados. Para CNG e DG foi evidenciado ainda o fator preditor de tipo de ressecção estatisticamente significante. Os déficits funcionais de paralisia facial periférica se correlacionaram aos déficits da deglutição em fase oral e fase faríngea e de incapacidade funcional / Introduction: Vestibular schwannoma (VS) is a benign tumor that originates in the schwann sheath of one of the vestibular nerves. According to their topography lesions in the cranial, facial, trigeminal, cochlear and bulbar pairs may be present. Although knowledge of the possibility of injury in the lower cranial nerves, the conduction of studies with the purpose of identifying related functional alterations are rarely studied. Objectives: To analyze prognostic factors of functional results related to facial, trigeminal, cochlear and bulbary cranial nerves and to correlate the final functional prognosis of the cranial nerves with each other. Methodology: This is a cohort study with partial retrospective data collection that analyzes the incidence of functional deficits of cranial nerves in patients submitted to SV excision, using a structured clinical evaluation protocol (PAEC) specifically for this study . The PAEC consisted of 2 sessions, the first one referring to prognostic factors of sequelae and the second with functional data regarding hearing loss (DA), global neurological impairment (CNG), peripheral facial paralysis (PFP), dysphagia (DG) and Phonation (DF). The data collection was performed during the months of January to June of the year 2016 in the ambulatory of acoustic neurinoma of the Hospital das Clínicas of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo. Data analysis was performed using univariate and multivariate inferential mode SPSS software, adopting a value of less than 0.05. Results: The sample consisted of 101 subjects, being 77.2% female and 22.8% male. The mean age was 47.1 years. 20.8% of patients with neurofibromatosis type 2 (NTFII) were identified. The preferred surgical access route was retrossigmoid (92.1%) with a mean tumor equal to 3.4cm.70% of the patients presented total tumor resection with a single approach. In the univariate analysis, the predictive sequelae factors were identified by statistically significant tumor size, presence of neurofibromatosis and total resection, respectively - CNG ( < 0.001; 0.023; 0.010), DG (pvalor < 0.001, pvalor 0.007, pvalor < 0.001), DF (Odds ratio 0.05, pvalor 0.013, pvalor 0.002), confirmed by the respective multivariate analysis - CNG (Odds Ratio (OD) 1.5 - pvalor 0.07, OR 3.5 - pvalor 0.036, OR 2.4 - pvalor 0.08), DG (OR 2.3 - pvalor 0.006; OR 5.7 - Pvalor 0.015, OR 3.9 - pvalor 0.018) and DF (OR 1.6 -value 0.062, OR 5.5 - pvalor 0.006). For the PFP endpoint, the univariate analysis was statistically significant for NTFII (pvalor 0.009) and previous PFP (pvalor < 0.001) confirmed by the multivariate analysis (OR 24.6 - pvalor 0.009; OR 0.3 - pvalor < 0.001). The functional scales of DG (pvalor < 0.001) and CNG (pvalor < 0.001) with statistically significant results for the correlation between the outcomes. Significant clinical signs of swallowing corresponded in 44.4% oral and oral preparatory phase and 66.6% pharyngeal phase. Conclusions: The significant prognostic factors related to the functional deficits found in this study were tumor size, NFT II presence and resection type in all the outcomes studied. Functional deficits of peripheral facial paralysis were correlated with oral and pharyngeal deglutition deficits and functional disability
279

Linfoma folicular em pacientes até 40 anos: características anátomo-clínicas e moleculares / Follicular lymphoma in patients younger than 40 years: a clinicopathological and molecular study

Duarte, Ívison Xavier 04 November 2013 (has links)
O linfoma folicular é entidade clinicamente heterogênea, com carência de marcadores prognósticos que estratifiquem grupos de risco para otimização do manejo. É relativamente raro em pacientes abaixo de 40 anos. Os aspectos clínicos e patológicos desse tipo de linfoma, nessa faixa etária, assim como o comportamento biológico, são pouco conhecidos. No presente estudo, uma série de 208 pacientes entre 19-40 anos de idade foi, retrospectivamente, avaliada quanto aos achados anatomoclínicos e moleculares. Essas variáveis foram, então, correlacionadas com seguimento e sobrevida. A mediana de idade na apresentação foi de 35 anos, com leve predomínio no sexo feminino (56%). A maioria dos casos se manifestou como doença nodal (87%). Concomitância de linfoma folicular com linfoma difuso de grandes células B foi encontrada em 7 (3%) pacientes. Estudos imuno-histoquímicos revelaram expressão de CD10 (91%), BCL6 (97%), BCL2 (95%), MUM1/IRF4 (17%) e CD23 (25%). Rearranjos envolvendo os genes BCL2 e BCL6 foram encontrados em 74% e 20%, respectivamente. A sobrevida média geral estimada dos pacientes, em que foi possível o seguimento, foi de 13 anos. Presença de anemia, elevação da desidrogenase lática, acometimento de medula óssea, índice prognóstico internacional do linfoma folicular na faixa de alto risco, padrão de \"céu estrelado\", Ki-67 >= 50% e ausência do rearranjo do gene BCL2 e presença do BCL6 relacionaram-se diretamente com pior sobrevida geral. O estadiamento de Ann Arbor III/IV e MDM2 >=20% têm fortes indícios desta associação negativa com sobrevida geral. A combinação BCL2+ e BCL6- correlacionou-se com maior sobrevida média. O grau histológico determinou redução gradual da sobrevida, com semelhanças nas curvas de sobrevida entre os graus 1, 2 e 3A. Não houve diferença significativa para as curvas de sobrevida relacionando faixa etária, persistência da zona do manto, presença de áreas difusas, fibrose, expressão de CD10, BCL6 ou CD23, padrão de trama de células foliculares dendríticas ou clonalidade para cadeia leve de imunoglobulina. Esses achados revelaram que o linfoma folicular em adultos jovens apresenta similaridades com o linfoma folicular que ocorre em adultos mais velhos, incluindo a frequência de apresentação nos diversos sítios anatômicos, grau histológico e fatores prognósticos adversos / Follicular lymphoma is a clinically heterogeneous group of disease and therefore with a need of characterization of prognostic markers to stratify risk groups and to optimize clinical management. It is relatively rare in patients younger than 40 years, and the clinicopathologic characteristics and biological behavior in this age group are poorly understood. In the current study, samples from a cohort of 208 patients between 19-40 years of age were evaluated retrospectively with respect to clinical, histologic and molecular characteristics. These findings were then correlated with the follow up and the clinical outcome. The median age at presentation was 35 years with a slight female preponderance (56%). Most of the cases presented with nodal disease (87%). Concomitant follicular lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was observed in 7 (3%) patients. Immunohistological studies showed the expression in the following frequency: CD10 (91%), BCL6 (97%), BCL2 (95%), MUM1/IRF4 (12%), MDM2 (17%) and CD23 (25%). BCL2 and BCL6 rearrangements were present in 74%, and 20%, respectively. The estimated overall survival of patients was 13 years (mean). The presence of anemia, elevated lactose dehydrogenase, bone marrow involvement, high-risk follicular lymphoma international prognostic index, \"starry sky\" appearance, proliferative index >= 50%, absence of BCL2 rearrangement and presence of BCL6 rearrangement correlated with adverse overall outcome. Ann Arbor stage III/IV and MDM2 >= 20% correlated with high trend toward worse overall survival. The combination BCL2+ and BCL6- was associated with better overall survival. No impact on overall survival was observed related to age, persistence of mantle zone, presence of diffuse areas, fibrosis, expression. of CD10, BCL6 or CD23, follicular dendritic cells meshwork or clonality. These findings revealed that follicular lymphoma in young adults demonstrate similarities with that of older adults, including the frequency of presentation at various anatomic sites, grade, and adverse prognostic factors
280

Alterações clínicas,hematológicas e sorológicas de cães infectados por Ehrlichia canis / Clinical, hematologic and serological changes in dogs infected by Ehrlichia canis

Manoel, Camila Santos 12 July 2010 (has links)
A erliquiose monocítica canina (EMC) é uma doença infecciosa de ocorrência mundial e transmitida pelo carrapato Rhipicephalus sanguineus. As manifestações clínicas são inespecíficas e multissistêmicas. Pode apresentar as fases aguda, assintomática e crônica, as quais podem cursar com alterações hematológicas como trombocitopenia, discreta anemia e leucopenia durante a fase aguda, discreta trombocitopenia na fase assintomática, e pancitopenia nos casos crônicos graves. O estabelecimento de indicadores prognósticos para a doença pode ser de grande valia para o direcionamento do tratamento clínico. O estudo do título de anticorpos em cães infectados poderia auxiliar no diagnóstico da EMC bem como no monitoramento do tratamento. A fim de identificar as principais alterações clínicas, hematológicas e sorológicas de cães infectados por E. canis, foram selecionados 82 animais com diagnóstico etiológico de EMC (positivos a Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase PCR). Os cães foram subdivididos em grupos de animais assintomáticos (n=12), doentes e sobreviventes (n=51) e doentes e não sobreviventes (n=19). Foi realizado ainda acompanhamento clínico, hematológico e sorológico de 28 animais tratados com medicação preconizado, no período de até 180 dias após o tratamento. Na análise clínica, não houve predisposição sexual ou racial, porém cães maiores de 8 anos de idade apresentaram maior frequência. Os sintomas observados mais frequentemente em todos os cães, exceto nos assintomáticos, foram palidez de mucosas, apatia, hiporexia, letargia e gastrenterite. As alterações hematológicas encontradas no grupo dos cães doentes foram anemia e trombocitopenia, que variaram apenas na intensidade quando da comparação dos animais sobreviventes com os não sobreviventes, porém apenas a anemia e a leucopenia apresentaram-se como fatores prognósticos negativos para a doença. Altos títulos de anticorpos (&ge; 2.560) foram observados em grande parte dos animais infectados, porém não puderam ser considerados indicadores de persistência da infecção. Em dois dos 28 animais com monitoramento pós tratamento houve reinfecção, face aos resultados novamente positivos na pesquisa de material genético para E.canis, associados à recidiva de alterações hematológicas em um dos dois animais, e abrupto novo aumento do título de anticorpos. Em outros animais, apesar da rápida ascensão do título concomitante à recidiva de alterações hematológicas, não houve amplificação de DNA erliquial, sugerindo diagnóstico molecular falso negativo. Concluiu-se que alterações clínicas e hematológicas sugestivas da doença foram encontradas nos animais doentes, apenas a anemia e leucopenia podem ser indicadores prognósticos da doença, e que a interpretação do título de anticorpos deve ser feita em consonância com alterações clínicas e hematológicas do cão suspeito. / The canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) is an infectious disease occurring worldwide and is transmitted by the tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus. The clinical manifestations are nonspecific and multisystemic. It may present acute, asymptomatic and chronic phases, which may be presented with haematological changes such as thrombocytopenia, mild anemia and leukopenia during the acute phase, mild thrombocytopenia in asymptomatic phase, and pancytopenia in severe chronic cases. The establishment of prognostic indicators for the disease may be of great value to guide clinical treatment. The study of antibodies titer in infected dogs could help in the diagnosis of CME and in monitoring treatment. In order to identify the main clinical, hematological and serological changes in dogs infected with E. canis, 82 animals were selected with etiologic diagnosis of a CME (positive to Polymerase Chain Reaction - PCR). The dogs were subdivided into groups of asymptomatic animals (n = 12), sick and survivors (n = 51) and sick and non-survivors (n = 19). It was also conducted clinical, hematological and serological monitoring of 28 animals treated with recommended medication for the period until 180 days after treatment. In clinical analysis, there was no racial or sexual predisposition, however dogs older than 8 years of age had a higher frequency. The most frequently reported symptoms in all dogs except the asymptomatic patients were pale mucous membranes, apathy, appetite loss, lethargy and gastroenteritis. Hematological changes found in the group of sick dogs were anemia and thrombocytopenia, which varied only in intensity when comparing the survivors to the nonsurvivors, but only anemia and leukopenia were presented as negative prognostic factors for the disease. High titers of antibodies (2560 &ge;) were observed in most infected animals, but they could not be considered indicators of persistent infection. In two out of the 28 monitored animals after treatment there was reinfection, compared to positive results back on the research of genetic material to E.canis, associated with relapse of hematological changes in one of the two animals, and sudden new increase in antibody titer. In other animals, despite the rapid rise of the concurrent title of relapse hematological changes, there was no erliquial DNA amplification, suggesting molecular diagnostic to be false negative. It was concluded that clinical and hematologic changes suggestive of the disease were found in sick animals, only anemia and leukopenia may be prognostic indicators of the disease, and that the interpretation of antibody titers should be done in line with clinical and hematologic changes of the suspect dog.

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