Choice of nutrition has a great effect on the early development of human growth. Despite increased knowledge on the benefit of breastfeeding to both mother and child, some mothers still choose to formula feed. The purpose of this study is to explain how maternal health contributes to choices. The theory of maternal role attainment and the social cognitive theory are used to evaluate these feeding choices. This study tests for the association between maternal weight status and choice of infant feeding practices, the association between postpartum depression and choice of feeding and finally, if depression mediates the relationship between maternal weight gain and infant feeding choices. This retrospective cohort study employed a quantitative approach, utilizing secondary data with a sample size of 4902, retrieved from Infant Feeding Practices Study II. The data contained information on pregnant women in their third trimester until the first year of infants' life. Logistic regression was employed to answer these research questions. The result indicated that compared to those who are obese, mothers with normal weight are 29.6% more likely to breastfeed. Depressed mothers are 45.9% less likely to breastfeed. There is no possible mediation effect identified in this study. Further studies may need to collect mother's depression status prior to conception. Based on the outcome of this study, there is a need for caregivers to identify at-risk mothers prior to delivery while offering solutions that contribute to better feeding choices. For social change, mothers who are overweight or those experiencing depression prior to conception will make better feeding choices if they receive adequate support and counseling on the implication of their health condition on their infants.

Syftet med den föreliggande studien är att undersöka bevekelsegrunder till att ungdomaranvänder cannabis och vad användningen av cannabis i ung ålder kan få för effekter påungdomarnas psykosociala hälsa och utveckling. Syftet är även att undersöka på vilket sätt enlegalisering eller avkriminalisering av icke-medicinsk cannabis påverkar ungdomarsanvändning av, och inställning till, cannabis i de länder/stater där legalisering har genomförts.Studien har tre ledande frågeställningar: (1) att undersöka vilka faktorer som är särskiltframträdande för att motivera ungdomar att använda respektive avstå från cannabis, (2) attkartlägga vilka framträdande positiva- och negativa effekter cannabisanvändning i tidig ålderhar – i termer av psykosocial hälsa och utveckling, samt slutligen (3) undersöka ifall det finnsnågra skillnader i ungdomars cannabisanvändning samt inställning till cannabis innan,respektive efter, genomförandet av en legalisering/avkriminalisering – och på vilket sätt dessaskillnader i så fall kan förklaras. Studien har utformats som en integrativ litteraturöversikt ivilken både kvalitativa- och kvantitativa data har inkluderats för att besvara studiens syfte ochfrågeställningar. I resultatet blottläggs ett flertal bevekelsegrunder till att ungdomar använder,eller avstår från, cannabis. Dessa bevekelsegrunder kan summeras i tre övergripande teman:Avkoppling, tidsfördriv eller umgänge, omgivningens inställningar till cannabis samtsjälvmedicinering för välbefinnande. Resultatet visar att användningen av cannabis i ung ålderkan relateras till flera effekter för ungdomens psykosociala hälsa och utveckling, såsom psykiskohälsa i form av depression, självmordstankar, en högre risk att utveckla psykosliknandetillstånd och svårigheter att klara av skolan. Användningen kan samtidigt upplevas lindrandeav psykisk problematik och självskadebeteende samt leda till ökad kreativitet och medvetenhet.Därutöver visar resultatet att en legalisering och avkriminalisering av cannabis irekreationssyfte inte har någon signifikant påverkan på ungdomars användning av cannabis påkort sikt. Däremot finns ett samband mellan amerikanska legaliseringslagar för cannabis ochökande antal cannabisrelaterade sjukhusinläggningar bland ungdomar i flera amerikanskadelstater, speciellt i stater med legalisering av icke-medicinsk cannabis, vilket tyder på enförändring i ungdomars cannabisvanor. Vidare påvisar resultatet att legaliseringen, i deamerikanska stater där en legalisering genomförts, har bidragit till en ökad exponering förcannabisreklam i form av reklamannonser och skyltar vilket bidragit till en normalisering avcannabis. Slutligen diskuteras och analyseras studiens resultat utifrån studiens centrala begrepp,tidigare forskning och studiens teoretiska ramverk. / The following study aims to investigate the motives for adolescent cannabis use and in whatway cannabis use at a young age can affect the psychosocial health and development. Inaddition, the study intends to investigate in what way a legalization or decriminalization of nonmedicalcannabis affects young people's use of, and attitude towards, cannabis in the countries/ states where legalization has been implemented. The study has the major focal points: (1) toexamine which factors are prominent in motivating adolescents to use, or abstain, fromcannabis, (2) to identify the prominent positive and negative effects of cannabis use at an earlyage – in terms of psychosocial health and development, (3) to examine whether there are anydifferences in adolescent cannabis use and attitudes towards cannabis before, or after, theimplementation of a legalization/decriminalization – and in what way these differences can beexplained. The study is designed as an integrative literature review in which both qualitativeand quantitative data have been included to answer the study’s purpose and questions. Theresult of the study shows several factors who are prominent in motivating adolescent cannabisuse, such as recreational purposes, the attitudes of the social environment and self-medicationfor well-being. The results shows that the use of cannabis at a young age can be related toseveral psychosocial effects such as depression, suicidal thoughts, a higher risk of developingpsychosis-like conditions and school dropouts. The use of cannabis can also alleviate mentalproblems and self-harming behaviour and lead to increased creativity and awareness. Inaddition, the results show that the legalization and decriminalization of cannabis for recreationalpurposes has no significant impact on adolescent cannabis use in the short term. However, thereis a link between US cannabis legalization laws and the growing number of cannabis-relatedhospitalizations among adolescents in several US states, especially in states with legalizationof non-medical cannabis, indicating a change in adolescents' cannabis habits. Furthermore, theresults show that the legalization, in the US states where a legalization has been carried out, hascontributed to an increased exposure to cannabis advertising, which has contributed to anormalization of cannabis use. Finally, the results of the study are discussed and analysed basedon the key concepts, previous research, and the theoretical framework of the study.

The present study aims to contribute to knowledge about the psychosocial health inworking life after growing up with a parent with a mental illness. The study also wants toinvestigate what impact from society is needed in order to support a positive developmentfor this group of children. Theoretical perspectives used were the Socio-ecological modeland Attachment theory. A qualitative method with semi structured interviews was used.Six informants from a purposive sampling group participated in the study. The collectedmaterial was transcribed, and thematic analysis was carried out. The results mainlyshowed that security seeking, low self-esteem, insecurity, pronounced sense ofresponsibility, a great need for adaption and control, and a striving for acceptance fromthe environment was important. The results also show the importance of support and helpfrom the environment. Growing up with a mentally ill parent does not necessarily have anegative effect on a person’s occupational health, but several experiences in working lifewere reported, that could be related to childhood conditions in a family with mentalillness

No description available.

High school teachers have a crucial role in shaping the next generation by educating and guiding adolescents on their way into adulthood. During the COVID-19 pandemic, which entailed a sudden shift to digital teaching, the work of high school teachers was affected.  Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate how the psychosocial work environment and professional identity of high school teachers have been affected by the transition to digital teaching during the pandemic and moreover what valuable lessons they carry into future work. Theoretical concepts: The theoretical concepts that the study is based on are boundaryless work, professional identity, and the demand-control-support model from a work environment perspective. Method: This qualitative study is based on an inductive approach using semi-structured interviews. The empirical material has been compiled from ten different interviews with high school teachers that have been transcribed and processed with a thematic analysis. Results: The results show that the transition to digital teaching has had a direct impact on the psychosocial health and professional identity of high school teachers. The factors behind this are a lack of social contact between students and teachers, increased workload, and a decreased sense of control over work. Conclusion: The most notable conclusion that can be drawn from the study is that the need for social interaction between high school teachers and students is essential. The fact that school is a social place is evident, and there is no doubt that teaching in physical classrooms cannot be compared to distance teaching. / Gymnasielärare har en avgörande roll i att forma nästa generation genom att utbilda och vägleda ungdomar på väg in i vuxenlivet. Under covid-19 pandemin som innebar en plötslig omställning till digital undervisning blev gymnasielärares arbete påverkat.  Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur gymnasielärares psykosociala arbetsmiljö och professionella identitet har påverkats av övergången till digital undervisning under pandeminsamt vilka lärdomar de bär med sig in i framtidens arbete. Teoretiska begrepp: De teoretiska begrepp som studien utgår ifrån är gränslöst arbete, professionell identitet och krav- kontrollstödmodellen ur ett arbetsmiljöperspektiv. Metod: Denna kvalitativa studie utgår ifrån en induktiv ansats med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer. Det empiriska materialet har sammanställts utifrån tio olika intervjuer med gymnasielärare som sedan transkriberats och bearbetats med en tematisk analys. Resultat: Resultatet visar att omställningen till den digitala undervisningen har haft en direkt inverkan på gymnasielärares psykosociala hälsa och professionella identitet. Faktorerna bakom detta är utebliven social kontakt mellan elever och lärare, ökad arbetsbelastning och en minskad kontroll över arbetet. Slutsats: Den mest utmärkande slutsatsen i undersökningen som kan dras är att behovet av social interaktion mellan gymnasielärare och elever är essentiellt. Skolan är en social plats och att undervisningen i de fysiska klassrummen inte går att jämföra med distansundervisning råder det ingen tvekan om.

The aim of this study was to examine school counselors' experience working with high school students' psychosocial health during spring 2020 when school was online. The empirical data consists of qualitative interviews with nine school counselors. The result showed that school counselors used their discretion at a greater extent to help and support their students during spring 2020. They also said that the online communication made it easier for some students to contact the counselors. The school counselors said that there were some students that dislike the online way of communicating and in these cases the school counselors made other arrangements for them. Furthermore, the school counselors could see that virtual learning had an impact on the students psychosocial health mainly due to the lack of everyday routines and social contact with other students. The results of the interviews were analyzed using the theoretical concept of discretion and the professional meeting. The conclusion states that school counselors need to incorporate digital communication in their everyday work even when school is not online to be able to meet the needs of every student. It also shows the great impact school has on students' psychosocial health.

This study aims to discuss the conditions for a curative work with detained children in Sweden. Furthermore we will illuminate the connection between the conditions and the different professional roles at the detention centers. Along with this discussion we want to shed light on the psychosocial health of detained children to see if there is a need for curative work. The two research questions are: ●  What are the conditions for curative work for detained children? ●  In what way do professional roles affect the conditions for curative work? The method that was used to examine our research questions was semi-structured interviews with professionals working with detained children in the same arena but with different approaches. The interviews were conducted with seven people. Five of whom are employed by Kriminalvården (The Swedish correctional service - ‘The criminal care’) and two who are employed by an external actor and work with children in detention centres. The result shows that the discretion for curative work differentiates depending on what professional role the person is assigned. It appears that curative work is needed for the children's wellbeing. The result also shows that the guidelines and work ethics of Kriminalvården have not been adapted to the high number of detained children.

El present treball aborda la promoció de la salut psicosocial des del paradigma de la resiliència i les aportacions de la logoteràpia de Viktor Frankl. El seu objectiu ha estat descriure i analitzar com es desenvolupa un procés resilient en l'àmbit laboral docent. Concretament, es descriu el procés de canvi experimentat per un institut d'educació secundària enfrontat a un context de dificultat i de quina manera ha estat capaç de renéixer i sortir-ne enfortit. Hem analitzat com s'activa el procés resilient, la naturalesa dels factors implicats, la relació que s'estableix entre aquests i com interactuen per aconseguir una adaptació positiva. Hem optat per una metodologia qualitativa mitjançant un mètode d'estudi de casos d'orientació etnogràfica.El treball aporta un model d'anàlisi del procés resilient que ha resultat útil per precisar el concepte de resiliència en l'àmbit laboral així com per integrar les dades recollides en el treball de camp. En les conclusions es discuteix el paper de la dimensió noètica o espiritual, la recerca del sentit i la vinculació positiva en l'activació del procés resilient. Igualment s'emfasitza la importància del lideratge i la interacció existent entre la resiliència personal i la organitzativa. També s'apunten possibles estratègies per potenciar, facilitar o estimular el procés resilient en una situació laboral. Finalment, s'examinen les repercussions de l'activació d'un procés resilient en la promoció de la salut laboral. / El presente trabajo aborda la promoción de la salud psicosocial desde el paradigma de la resiliencia y las aportaciones de la logoterapia de Víktor Frankl. Su objetivo ha sido describir y analizar cómo se desarrolla un proceso resiliente en el ámbito laboral docente. Concretamente, se describe el proceso de cambio experimentado por un instituto de educación secundaria enfrentado a un contexto de dificultad y de qué manera ha sido capaz de renacer y salir fortalecido. Hemos analizado cómo se activa el proceso resiliente, la naturaleza de los factores implicados, la relación que se establece entre éstos y cómo interactúan para lograr una adaptación positiva. Hemos optado por una metodología cualitativa mediante un método de estudio de casos de orientación etnográfica.El trabajo aporta un modelo de análisis del proceso resiliente que ha resultado útil para precisar el concepto de resiliencia en el ámbito laboral, así como para integrar la información recogida en el trabajo de campo. En las conclusiones se discute el papel de la dimensión noética o espiritual, la búsqueda del sentido y la vinculación positiva en la activación del proceso resiliente. Igualmente se enfatiza la importancia del liderazgo y la interacción existente entre la resiliencia personal y la organizativa. También se apuntan posibles estrategias para potenciar, facilitar o estimular el proceso resiliente en una situación laboral. Finalmente, se examinan las repercusiones de la activación de un proceso resiliente en la promoción de la salud laboral. / The present work tackles psychosocial health's promotion through resilience's paradigm and Viktor Frankl logotherapy's contributions. Its aim has been to describe and to analyze how a resilient process is developed in the educational labour environment. Concretely, it describes the change process experienced by a secondary school faced by a difficult context and in what way it has been able to be reborn and to leave strengthened. We have analyzed how the resilient process is activated, the nature of the implied factors, the relationship that is settled down among these and how they interact in order to achieve a positive adaptation. We have opted for a qualitative methodology by means of an ethnographic orientated case study method.The work contributes an analysis model of the resilient process that has been useful to specify the resilience concept in the labour environment, as well as to integrate the picked up information in the field work. In the conclusions it discusses the noethic or spiritual dimension, the search for meaning and the positive linking in the activation of the resilient process. It is equally emphasized the importance of leadership and the existing interaction between personal and organizational resilience. Possible strategies are also suggested for strengthening, facilitating or stimulating the resilient process in a labour situation. Finally, repercussions of resilient process activation are examined in the promotion of labour health. / In der hier vorliegenden Doktorarbeit geht es um die Förderung der psychosozialen Gesundheit, ausgehend von dem Resilienzparadigma und Viktor Frankls Logoteraphie. Ziel der Arbeit ist die Beschreibung und Analyse, wie sich ein Resililenzablauf im Lehrarbeitszusammenhang entwickelt. Im Konkreten wird der Wandelprozess beschrieben, den eine Realschule in einem Schwierigkeitszussammenhang erfährt und wie sie wiedergeboren und erstarkt aus dieser Situation hervorgehen könnte. Wir haben analysiert, wie der Resilienzablauf aktiviert wird, die Natur der betroffenen Faktoren, die zwischen ihnen begründete Beziehung, und wie sie interagieren, um eine positive Anpassung zu erreichen. Wir haben uns für eine qualitative Methodologie entschieden, mittels einer ethnographisch orientierten Fallstudie.Die Arbeit liefert ein Untersuchungsleitbild des Resilienzablaufs, das bei der Präzisierung des Resilienzbegriffs im Arbeitsbereich, sowie für die Integration der in der Vorortarbeit gesammelten Daten als nützlich erwiesen hat. In den Schlussfolgerungen wird über die Rolle der nicht-ethischen oder geistlichen Dimension, die Sinnsuche und die positive Verbindung in der Resilienzablaufsaktivierung diskutiert. Ebenfalls wird die Bedeutung der Führung und der vorhandene Interaktion zwischen die eigenen und der organisatorischen Resilienz betont. Ferner werden mögliche Strategien vorgestellt, um den Resilienzablauf in einer Arbeitssituation zu verstärken, zu ermöglichen oder zu motivieren. Schlieβlich werden die Auswirkungen der Aktivierung eines Resilienzablaufs in der Förderung der Arbeitsgesundheit übergeprüft.

Die wachsende Zahl an Menschen, die aus ihren Herkunftsländern fliehen musste und nach 2015 in Berlin ankam, stellte städtische Einrichtungen und die Bereitstellung sozioökonomischer Dienstleistungen für Personen mit diversen soziokulturellem und politischen Hintergründen vor eine große Herausforderung. Es gilt anzunehmen, dass zusätzlich zu früheren traumatischen Erfahrungen, der mehrdimensionale und komplizierte Prozess der Verteilung von Geflüchteten in städtischen Räumen zu Belastungen führen und die Prävalenz psychischer Störungen erhöhen kann. Angesichts der Tatsache, dass geflüchtete Frauen verstärkt unter verschiedenen Formen stressbedingter Störungen leiden, zielt die Dissertation darauf ab, jene sozialen Stressoren in drei verschiedenen sozio-räumlichen Settings zu untersuchen, welchen sich geflüchtete Frauen bei ihrer Ankunft in Berlin ausgesetzt wahrnahmen. / The growing number of forcibly displaced people arriving in Berlin after 2015 brought about an extensive challenge in providing urban socio-economic facilities and services for numerous individuals from different socio-cultural and political backgrounds. The multi-dimensional and complicated process of resettlement of refugees in urban spaces, in addition to their earlier traumatic experiences, might result in distress and intensify the prevalence of mental disorders. Considering that refugee women are more likely to suffer from various forms of stress-related disorders, the dissertation aimed to evaluate the perceived social stressors by refugee women in three different socio-spatial settings upon their arrival in Berlin.