The aim of the study was to describe and analyse self-biographical narratives through a retroperspective, how three exposed individuals formulated the appearance and management of trauma during their childhood. The aim was further to describe the impact the trauma had in their childhood, due to the fact that they grew up with a disabled parent. To do so I had to get information from the individuals and chose to use autobiographies as empirical material. In order to implement the study I sought answers to four questions: The first question was how adults described experienced trauma and its origin during their childhood, that their parents had caused by them, depending whether the parents having a mental or social disable? The second question was how the adults handled their experience of trauma which occurred during their childhood? The third question for the study was which consequences the trauma had on the adults as children? The last question was which different factors of protection the individuals described during their childhood and how they related to these? The study showed that risk of the individuals suffering from trauma increased the longer the individual were exposed to violence and neglect. The severity of violence and neglect contributed to the origin and duration of trauma and caused problems that persisted in the children. The results also showed that children who experienced trauma, caused by their parents, depending their parents having a mental or social disable, had multiple consequences. The parents of the children often used physical or mental abuse against the children or neglected their basic needs of food and clothes. The children showed signs of distrust of others, problems with sleeping and often felt scared and ashamed of their parent’s behaviour, when the parents were sick. Furthermore the result of the study showed that the children tried to stop the violence from their parents by all means by trying to change their own behaviour. They did so because they thought they were to blame for the violence.

Syftet med denna kvalitativa dokumentstudie har varit att analysera Förvaltningsrättens tillämpning av rekvisitet psykisk misshandel i LVU 2§-domar för beslut om tvångsvård. Studien har genomförts med hjälp av en kvalitativ innehållsanalys av 16 LVU 2§-domar. Resultatet visade att rekvisitet inte tillämpas i den omfattning som är möjlig i varken ansökan om LVU från Socialnämnden eller av Förvaltningsrätten i deras motiveringar och beslut om bifall. Detta trots att rekvisitet går att identifiera i de utredningar som ligger till grund för besluten. Vidare har Förvaltningsrättens motiveringar till beslut om vård enligt LVU 2 § jämförts med Socialnämndens ansökan om vård enligt LVU 2 §. Resultatet har visat att det råder skillnader mellan Förvaltningsrättens beslut och Socialnämndens ansökan utifrån deras olika sätt att se på barnets bästa i situationen. Förvaltningsrätten har i vårt resultat visat sig lägga stor vikt vid barnets nuvarande situation, medan Socialnämnden har lagt större vikt vid barnets/den unges hela livshistoria. I studien har dessa skillnader diskuterats med utgångspunkt i professionsbegreppet i förhållande till anställda inom Socialtjänst, Socialnämnd och Förvaltningsrätt. Resultatet visade att socionomprofessionen respektive juristprofessionen, som båda verkar i en myndighetsutövande position, resonerar på olika sätt gällande rekvisitet psykisk misshandel när det gäller barnskyddsmål, vilket i slutändan påverkar beslutet om barnets vårdbehov. / The aim in this qualitative document study was to analyse the way Swedish court system apply the criteria mental abuse in LVU 2 § judgements of decisions for compulsory care. The study has accomplished using a qualitative content analysis of 16 judgement documents of compulsory care. The findings showed that the criteria mental abuse is not applied to the extent that is possible in either the application for compulsory care or the courts justifications and decision for approval even though the criteria can be identified. Furthermore, the court’s justifications of the decisions of care according to LVU 2 § have been compared with the social service’s applications of compulsory care. The results have shown that there are differences between the court’s decisions of compulsory care and the social services application for compulsory care based on their different point of views. The court rather see the child’s current situation as directing their decisions, while the social service has placed great importance to the life history of the child. In the study, these differences have been discussed based on the concept of professions in relation to practical work as social worker and lawyer. The results showed that the social work profession and the law profession, who both have an authority position, argue differently regarding the criteria mental abuse in relation to child protection cases, which ultimately affects the decision of child’s care.

<p>Today several things point to the fact that many young women are being abused and sexual harassed. Despite that there is no knowledge about how the girls handle the violence or how the battering affects them. For that reason the purpose of this study is to describe and give a picture of some girl’s experiences of being battered of men they have or have had a relationship with. In focus is also how these girls identities are affected of the battering. These girls were between 16-24 years old when the battering started. </p><p>One important conclusion in this study is that if the attitudes of women battering can change, the power structure between the sexes be evident and the knowledge about women battering increase it might be easier for a lot of women. It could increase the possibility for girls and women to counter men’s power and for battered girls and women to change their situation at an earlier stage than they are able to today.</p>

Today several things point to the fact that many young women are being abused and sexual harassed. Despite that there is no knowledge about how the girls handle the violence or how the battering affects them. For that reason the purpose of this study is to describe and give a picture of some girl’s experiences of being battered of men they have or have had a relationship with. In focus is also how these girls identities are affected of the battering. These girls were between 16-24 years old when the battering started. One important conclusion in this study is that if the attitudes of women battering can change, the power structure between the sexes be evident and the knowledge about women battering increase it might be easier for a lot of women. It could increase the possibility for girls and women to counter men’s power and for battered girls and women to change their situation at an earlier stage than they are able to today.

The aim of this study is to investigate individual experience of physiological abuse during their childhood. Our method was to read three autobiographies and one biography to interpret the impact of the psychological abuse in these four individuals. The empirical material in this qualitative study aims to determine how the writer's experienced psychological abuse within their childhood. and how it´s affected their lives in adulthood. It´s specifically aimed at coping strategies and their impact on life after the abuse, also authorities support or absence around their upbringing in malpractice. This study wraps up by using coping theory together with shame and guilt in order to analyze our results from all four life stories in the biographies. The main findings of this study are that all abused children had fear and silence as a recurring theme throughout their stories. Another finding is that each individual uses different forms of coping strategies and some even used more than one.

Syftet med denna studie har varit att undersöka pedagogers uppfattningar och förståelse av en "mörkare sida" av förskolans omsorgsuppdrag, med fokus på "barn som far illa". Studien är av kvalitativ art och bygger på en hermeneutisk forskningsansats. Resultatet har därför analyserats fram genom en tolkande ansats. Materialet har sorterats, reducerats och argumenterats. Undersökningen har genomförts i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer med sex stycken pedagoger på fyra olika förskolor. Studien är indelad i tre olika huvudrubriker. Dessa är "Omsorg - vad är det?" ”Omsorg – en "mörkare" sida" och "Omsorg – betydelsen av att se”. Resultatet visar att pedagogerna har svårt att beskriva vad omsorg innebär för dem. Resultatet tyder på att pedagogerna har kunskap om anmälningsskyldigheten. Däremot har de en begränsad förståelse om både omsorgsuppdragets ”mörkare sida” och om ”barn som far illa”. Pedagogerna saknar en medvetenhet kring omsorgsuppdragets komplexitet. Denna studie kan användas för att öka medvetenheten hos verksamma pedagoger kring detta. / <p>Betygsdatum 2018-01-05 i Ladok.</p>

In recent decades, men’s violence against women has been perceived as an increasing problem in our societies. Men’s violence against women are nowadays also classified as a serious crime against human rights. The violence in an intimate relationship between a man and a woman restricts the woman’s sense of freedom and justice. The violence results in violation of the women’s rights to a private life.  It's usually the physical and sexual abuse of women that is the center in legal contexts within the scope of domestic violence against women. It’s therefore necessary to examine other specific forms of domestic violence within the legal scope in Sweden and the European Convention on Human Rights. This study has focused on the psychological abuse against women as a form of domestic violence. The psychological abuse against women is a serious matter in the Swedish society. This study has examined whether the psychological abuse against women is included in the Swedish criminal classifications. It has also examined whether the psychological abuse is, or should, apply within the state’s positive obligations especially in article 8 in the European Convention.  The results of this study have shown that Sweden do not have legal security for all forms included in psychological violence even though it’s such a serious issue in the Swedish society today. It has also shown that the right to privacy and a private life may be one of the reasons why Sweden hasn’t come up with a criminal provision against psychological abuse against women. Women’s right to a private life and freedom from all forms of abuse are therefore not fulfilled under the state’s positive obligations without this criminal provision, according to the positive obligations that article 8 in the European Convention should provide to all individuals.  Key words: Human rights, Women’s rights, State’s positive obligation, Domestic violence, Psychological abuse, Intimate relationship, Private life, European Court, European Convention on Human Rights, Swedish legal context.