It is important that children develop their communicating skills to be able to interact withother persons in different social contexts. Without the necessary skills, the child will struggleto understand others, as well as to be understood. My qualitative research takes place in a preschoolclass at a primary school in Stockholm, where I from a sociocultural perspective onteaching and learning aim to clarify how the students’ ability to develop their linguisticperformance and their communicative competence is stimulated within this primary preschool’seducational framework. Empirical data was collected both through observations ofthe daily activities in the pre-school class as well as through interviews of three employedteachers. My research indicates that the educational framework in this pre-school class is structured tocomply with the official Swedish Curriculum, Lpo. 94. The students’ linguistic performanceand their communicative competence were well stimulated through a diverse set of organizedactivities and their own unstructured play. My research also concludes that the educationalframework was built around a constant interaction and collaborative measures between theteachers and the students, as well as among the students themselves. I can from thesociocultural perspective hence conclude that the students are given all the tools needed todevelop their linguistic performance and their communicative competence.

This study centres on learning to read and methods for teaching reading skills. The aim is to provide a survey of the concept reading skills and the methods developed on the basis of different theories and the methods preferred when teaching children in primary school and why. The study is based on interviews with eight teachers who are working on a daily basis teaching Swedish in preschool class or lower primary school. The result of my study is that the majority of teachers do not use a specific method, but rather combine several different methods, thus adapting instruction to each individual pupil.

The thesis deals with the instrumentality of usage efficient communication and prosocial activities on primary children´s behaviour in class after-school club. The observed areas are coping, solving plus percent occurrence of conflicts, mutual communication together with the expression of personal opinions. Furthermore, the work compared the atmosphere within the class after-school club before the research in January 2014 and after its completion in June 2014. The results of the empirical investigation of quantitative research are compared with each other at the beginning as well as at the end of the research. These outcomes were compared with the results of the control group. They prove that the change of educational approach by using the effective communication and prosocial activities can affect children's behavior.

This dissertation work focuses on societal climate of an elementary school class. The work is dividend into a theoretical part and a practical part. The theoretical part concentrates mainly on the knowledge related to the climate, explanation of the terms such as social group, class and school climate, environment and atmosphere. I characterize the younger school age of examined pupils in detail. Then there are other factors that have an influence on class climate. The practical part concentrates on the research of the actual and ideal school climate both in cities and in the country. I also focus on the difference of perception of the climate between boys and girls. This research was conducted at schools in Jihlava region, specifically in the fifth grades. ?My Class Inventory? questionnaire was used for the research and the results are arranged in charts and graphs with a commentary.

This diploma thesis with the title The social role of pupils in the elementary school consists of two parts. There is a theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part aims to illuminate further the issue of social roles in connection with other factors related to this topic. The most important chapter of the theoretical part is the chapter named Social role, status and position in which is the issue of social roles further described. Then there are discussed even specific social roles with which we may encounter in the primary school. The practical part is based on a survey using a variety of methods of students´ nominations. The aim of this work is to determine the rate of agreement in views of pupils in the class and their class teacher for the functioning of the class and social roles appearing there.

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / O presente estudo analisa dois programas educacionais que se materializaram por meio das Escolas Classe/Escola Parque de Brasília e dos Centros Integrados de Educação Pública - CIEPs, no Rio de Janeiro. O primeiro, na década de 1960, mediante o Plano de Construções Escolares de Brasília, formulado por Anísio Teixeira, e o segundo, implementado na década de 1980, em conformidade com o Programa Especial de Educação - I PEE, proposto e executado por Darcy Ribeiro no Rio de Janeiro. No entrecruzamento dos projetos desses dois intelectuais, busco compreender as dissensões, imbricações e convergências dessas iniciativas e o seu legado para a política educacional. Para tanto, me apoio nas produções acadêmicas de dois Grupos de Pesquisa, que têm como objeto os programas educacionais implantados respectivamente, por Anísio e Darcy. Em Brasília, encontramos em seu acervo a memória dos pioneiros da experiência das Escolas Classe/Escola Parque no Distrito Federal, intitulando-se "Educação Básica Pública do Distrito Federal: Origens de um Projeto Inovador (1956-1964), PPGE/UnB, tendo como coordenadora a professora Eva Waisros Pereira. Na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, observamos estudos sobre os CIEPs, produzidos pelo Laboratório Educação e República LER/ProPEd/UERJ, sendo líder da pesquisa a professora Lia Faria. Ainda nessa investigação são consideradas as determinações e os investimentos pessoais e profissionais, tanto de Darcy Ribeiro como de Anísio Teixeira, intelectuais que assumiram a dimensão prática na produção das ideias, considerando a relação dessas ideias com o mundo. Ao recuperar as produções desses dois Grupos, desvelamos também os calorosos debates relacionados às diferentes concepções de educação Integral. A análise destaca o projeto educacional de nação a partir da escola pública em seu caráter republicano. A reflexão proposta visa contribuir, juntamente com as demais pesquisas já realizadas, com a temática da educação integral e da escola pública de horário integral - para a formulação de políticas públicas na área educacional. Nesse sentido, pretendo colaborar para o desenho de propostas governamentais, especialmente para o PNE 2011-2020, buscando valorizar os pesquisadores que nos antecedem em seus trabalhos / This study analyzes two educational programs that materialized through the Schools Class / School Park of Brasilia and Integrated Centres for Public Education - CIEPs, in Rio de Janeiro. The first in the 1960, through the School Construction Plan of Brasilia, formulated by Teixeira. And the second, implemented in 1980, in accordance with the Special Education Program - I PEE, proposed and implemented by Darcy Ribeiro in Rio de Janeiro. In the intersection of these two intellectual projects, aiming to understand the dissensions, overlaps and convergences of these initiatives and their legacy for educational policy. To that end, I support the academic productions from two research groups, whose object implanted educational programs respectively Anísio and Darcy. In Brasilia , found in its collection the memory of the pioneers of the experience of the Schools Class / School Park in Federal District , calling itself " Basic Public Education of the Federal District : Origins of an Innovative Project (1956-1964) " , PPGE / UNB , having as coordinator professor Eva Pereira Waisros . In the city of Rio de Janeiro observed studies on CIEPs, produced by Laboratory Education and Republic " READ / proped / UERJ, and research leader professor Lia Faria. Yet this investigation are considered determinations and personal and professional investments, both as Darcy Ribeiro Teixeira, intellectuals who took the practical dimension in the production of ideas, considering the relation of these ideas with the world. When retrieving the productions of these two groups also unveil the heated debates. related to the different conceptions of integral education the analysis highlights the educational project of nation from the public school in his Republican character reflection proposal seeks to contribute , along with other previous studies with the theme of integral education - . , and public school inte gral time - . towards the formulation of public policies in education Accordingly , intending to contribute to the design of government proposals , especially for the PNE 2011-2020 , seeking to add value to researchers in the preceding their jobs

Denna studie behandlar lärares användning av IKT i olika ämnen av deras undervisning från förskoleklass till år tre. Genom intervjuer har data samlats in och sedan tematiskt analyserats. Studien fokuseras på i vilket syfte IKT används i undervisningen och vilka faktorer som anses påverka implementeringen av IKT i undervisningen. Vidare jämförs resultatet med tidigare forskning inom området. I studien framkommer att lärare generellt upplever en osäkerhet kring IKT. Det finns även ett behov av bättre struktur och stöd gällande fortbildning kring IKT. Vidare visar resultatet att ramarna för hur lärare arbetar i olika ämnen med IKT är relativt fasta, där många lärare använder IKT på liknande sätt inom specifika ämnen. Studien uppmärksammar också problem gällande likvärdigheten i utbildningen för eleverna med avseende på IKT. Avslutningsvis lyfts några förslag till hur en fortsatt forskning skulle kunna te sig gällande lärares användning av samt fortbildning kring IKT. / This study addresses teachers' use of ICT in different subjects of their teaching from pre-school class to year three. Through interviews, data has been collected and then thematically analyzed. The study focuses on the purpose of ICT in teaching and what factors are considered to affect the implementation of ICT in teaching. Furthermore, the result is compared to the results of previous research in the field. The study shows that teachers generally experience uncertainty concerning ICT. There is also a need for better structure and support for teachers’ continuing education on ICT. Furthermore, the results show that the framework for how teachers work in different subjects with ICT is relatively fixed, where many teachers use ICT in a similar manner in specific subjects. The study also addresses issues regarding the educational equity for students with regard to ICT. Lastly, some suggestions for further research concerning teachers’ further education and use of ICT are highlighted.

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / O presente estudo analisa dois programas educacionais que se materializaram por meio das Escolas Classe/Escola Parque de Brasília e dos Centros Integrados de Educação Pública - CIEPs, no Rio de Janeiro. O primeiro, na década de 1960, mediante o Plano de Construções Escolares de Brasília, formulado por Anísio Teixeira, e o segundo, implementado na década de 1980, em conformidade com o Programa Especial de Educação - I PEE, proposto e executado por Darcy Ribeiro no Rio de Janeiro. No entrecruzamento dos projetos desses dois intelectuais, busco compreender as dissensões, imbricações e convergências dessas iniciativas e o seu legado para a política educacional. Para tanto, me apoio nas produções acadêmicas de dois Grupos de Pesquisa, que têm como objeto os programas educacionais implantados respectivamente, por Anísio e Darcy. Em Brasília, encontramos em seu acervo a memória dos pioneiros da experiência das Escolas Classe/Escola Parque no Distrito Federal, intitulando-se "Educação Básica Pública do Distrito Federal: Origens de um Projeto Inovador (1956-1964), PPGE/UnB, tendo como coordenadora a professora Eva Waisros Pereira. Na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, observamos estudos sobre os CIEPs, produzidos pelo Laboratório Educação e República LER/ProPEd/UERJ, sendo líder da pesquisa a professora Lia Faria. Ainda nessa investigação são consideradas as determinações e os investimentos pessoais e profissionais, tanto de Darcy Ribeiro como de Anísio Teixeira, intelectuais que assumiram a dimensão prática na produção das ideias, considerando a relação dessas ideias com o mundo. Ao recuperar as produções desses dois Grupos, desvelamos também os calorosos debates relacionados às diferentes concepções de educação Integral. A análise destaca o projeto educacional de nação a partir da escola pública em seu caráter republicano. A reflexão proposta visa contribuir, juntamente com as demais pesquisas já realizadas, com a temática da educação integral e da escola pública de horário integral - para a formulação de políticas públicas na área educacional. Nesse sentido, pretendo colaborar para o desenho de propostas governamentais, especialmente para o PNE 2011-2020, buscando valorizar os pesquisadores que nos antecedem em seus trabalhos / This study analyzes two educational programs that materialized through the Schools Class / School Park of Brasilia and Integrated Centres for Public Education - CIEPs, in Rio de Janeiro. The first in the 1960, through the School Construction Plan of Brasilia, formulated by Teixeira. And the second, implemented in 1980, in accordance with the Special Education Program - I PEE, proposed and implemented by Darcy Ribeiro in Rio de Janeiro. In the intersection of these two intellectual projects, aiming to understand the dissensions, overlaps and convergences of these initiatives and their legacy for educational policy. To that end, I support the academic productions from two research groups, whose object implanted educational programs respectively Anísio and Darcy. In Brasilia , found in its collection the memory of the pioneers of the experience of the Schools Class / School Park in Federal District , calling itself " Basic Public Education of the Federal District : Origins of an Innovative Project (1956-1964) " , PPGE / UNB , having as coordinator professor Eva Pereira Waisros . In the city of Rio de Janeiro observed studies on CIEPs, produced by Laboratory Education and Republic " READ / proped / UERJ, and research leader professor Lia Faria. Yet this investigation are considered determinations and personal and professional investments, both as Darcy Ribeiro Teixeira, intellectuals who took the practical dimension in the production of ideas, considering the relation of these ideas with the world. When retrieving the productions of these two groups also unveil the heated debates. related to the different conceptions of integral education the analysis highlights the educational project of nation from the public school in his Republican character reflection proposal seeks to contribute , along with other previous studies with the theme of integral education - . , and public school inte gral time - . towards the formulation of public policies in education Accordingly , intending to contribute to the design of government proposals , especially for the PNE 2011-2020 , seeking to add value to researchers in the preceding their jobs

The purpose of this study is to examine whether pedagogues, in their daily work with children with intellectual disabilities, have perceptions based on earlier work experience with for instance children with average intelligence and also if the perceptions, norms and categorizations of society affect the school environment in which children with intellectual disabilities exist.The study, which focuses on the pedagogues work experience of childrens with intellectual disabilities, was carried out by interviewing four pedagogues in a qualitative manner. The study was analyzed through the theoretical framework of social constructivism. Terms used in the study are: intellectual disability, inclusion, exclusion, integration, perception, categorization, normality, anomaly, norm criticism, power, the competent child and expectation.The results show that the pedagogues has his or her own perceptions about children with intellectual disabilities. The pedagogues’ own use of language affects how perceptions, norms and categorizations are conveyed to the pupils. They also points to their insufficient knowledge of intellectual disabilities. This lack of knowledge also affects how the pedagogues view the institutional striving towards student inclusion in a “school for everyone.” The study also shows that a norm critical perspective is preferable as it allows for perceptions, norms and categorizations to be made visible. The study showed that, in order to avoid unfavorable categorizations and norms, a communicative environment is needed in order to create an understanding in regards to the individual differences that exist between students in the school environment. This essay illuminates the fact that pedagogues – working with children with intellectual disabilities – are affected by the perceptions, norms and categorizations of society.

My essay begins with a story of one day in pre-school class. It is about how I, as a preschool teacher, find it challenging to work with inclusion of children in need of special support. It is also about the feeling of inadequacy experienced by a teacher, single handedly covering a proportionally large group of children. I discuss the hard work of building relationships in a school intended for everyone, when operating in the periphery of a cost-effective budget policy, where efforts of achieving inclusion is no longer allowed to come at a cost.   The method used herein, is essay writing, and my objective is to deliver a qualitative, experienced-based essay that begins with a true story from my professional life. When working with the text, I am obliged to put an end to what is happening in particular, and problematic situations. This provides me with perspective, allows me to reflect around the situations, and I am given a chance to take a step back and discover and reflect on matters from a new angle, not previously considered or reflected upon.   My main questions are: How is the preschool teacher expected to work with inclusion of children in need of extra support, in preschool class? In what way is the possibility to create relationships with all pupils in preschool class affected by the school budget, or lack thereof? What does it mean for a child to succeed in pre-school? / Min essä inleds med en berättelse om en dag i förskoleklass. Den handlar om hur jag som förskollärare upplever det svårt att arbeta inkluderande med barn i behov av särskilt stöd, och om känslan av otillräcklighet som ensam lärare i en stor barngrupp. Jag skriver om det svåra i att bygga relationer i en skola ämnad för alla, i skuggan av en kostnadseffektiv skolbudget där inkludering inte längre får kosta.   Metoden för mitt examensarbete är essäskrivande och jag skriver en erfarenhetsbaserad essä som inleds med en berättelse från min yrkeserfarenhet. När jag skriver i essäform får jag sätta ord på vad som händer i en eller flera situationer som jag upplever som problematiska. Jag får syn på ett dilemma jag vill reflektera kring och med skrivandet får jag en chans att ta ett steg tillbaka och se det jag inte hunnit se, och tänka tankar jag inte hunnit tänka.   Mina huvudsakliga frågeställningar är:Hur förväntas förskolläraren arbeta med inkludering av barn i behov av särskilt stöd i förskoleklass? Hur påverkar skolans ekonomi chansen för mig som lärare att skapa relation till alla elever i förskoleklass? Vad innebär det för ett barn att lyckas i förskoleklass?