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Detta arbete undersöker kommunikation och gruppdynamik inom spel. Syftet är att kunna få en bild av hur dessa påverkar spelupplevelsen. Kommunikation har i tidigare forskning visat sig ha påverkan på spelares prestation i grupper. Det finns relativt lite tidigare forskning kring gruppdynamik och hur det relaterar till kommunikation och prestation inom spel, däremot finns det en hel del om roller inom grupper och spel. Därför undersöks roller och hur olika roller påverkar gruppdynamiken. För att undersöka detta utförs fyra experiment. Fyra deltagare får spela tillsammans under en viss tid, så att man tydligt kan observera vilka roller som uppstår och senare analysera hur dessa påverkar resultaten och kommunikationen. Vi såg ett samband mellan kommunikation och gruppdynamik och hur det påverkade spelarnas prestation. Vidare har vi redovisat olika roller som dök upp och vad de önskar sig av ett spel. / This paper explores communication and group dynamics in digital gaming. The purpose of doing this is to establish if there is a correlation between these and the player´s ultimate experience. Past research has shown that communication has a direct influence on the player´s performance, while in a group setting. There is relatively limited amounts of research into group dynamics and how it relates to communication and performance in games. However there is a vast amount of research that relates to roles within a multiplayer setting. Therefor experiments were performed to observe various roles and what impact they had upon the dynamic of the each group. Each group consisted of four candidates that were asked to play a game. During play they were observed and recorded for further analysis in regards to their performance, communication and ultimately what roles they all filled. We saw a connection between communication and group-dynamics and how it affected the player’s performance. Furthermore, we have presented the different roles that appeared and what they want from a game.

This study aims to contribute to the study field about social interactions and remote studying by researching how professors and students at Uppsala University have experienced remote studying during the Covid-19 pandemic. Using a conventional content analysis the authors tried to answer how teachers and students at Uppsala University experienced the transition to remote studying, which social roles and norms that exist in the university context and how the social roles and norms have been affected by the transition to digital interaction. Interviews with students and teachers at different faculties were conducted and analyzed. The results were that different social roles and norms do exist, for example the active and the more passive student and the entertaining teacher. The identified norms were the effectiveness norm, the appearance norm and the intelligence norm. Both the social roles and the norms were still noticeable during remote studies but the different social setting strengthened the effectiveness and intelligence norm, and weakened the conformity for the appearance norm. The social roles were affected in different ways, but mainly in reducing the social part of the student role, and the teacher role was affected mainly by having them change their way of teaching. The interviewed students and teachers showed different opinions about remote studying, some were more positive due to the increased work effectiveness and some were more negative due to the lack of social life.

<p>The increase of women’s labor force participation, the diversity of family constellations, many men’s increased participation in childcare, and the development of flexible working arrangements have stimulated research on the relationship between work and non-work. In this thesis, the interaction between work and non-work is examined in the case of home-based telework, an example of flexible working arrangement. Because of the disappearance or blurring of the traditional boundaries in time and space, the consequences of these working conditions for individuals need to be analyzed. The overall aim of this thesis is to study the interaction between work and non-work in home-based telework and to analyze the following issues:</p><p>- conflict versus facilitation as related to the segmentation and integration of work/non-work domains</p><p>- the nature and role of boundaries</p><p>- the physical and mental aspects of work activities within the domains</p><p>The thesis is based on quantitative as well as qualitative data. In general, the results show that the domains of work and non-work do interact with each other in various ways and dimensions. The employees reported some degree of overlap spatially, temporally, and mentally, and limited overlap was preferred by the majority. The results show the importance of boundaries, as they are needed in order to bring structure and legitimacy to the work (carried out in the home/private domain) and to detach from work. The teleworking women reported less effective restoration than the non-teleworking women, while the teleworking men reported slightly more effective restoration than the non-teleworking men. Generally, the results showed that work tended to intrude more on family and non-work than vice versa. Individuals who experienced conflict between the domains of work and non-work also reported a lower degree of life satisfaction. Significant associations were found between facilitation (positive spillover) and life satisfaction and recovery.</p>

The increase of women’s labor force participation, the diversity of family constellations, many men’s increased participation in childcare, and the development of flexible working arrangements have stimulated research on the relationship between work and non-work. In this thesis, the interaction between work and non-work is examined in the case of home-based telework, an example of flexible working arrangement. Because of the disappearance or blurring of the traditional boundaries in time and space, the consequences of these working conditions for individuals need to be analyzed. The overall aim of this thesis is to study the interaction between work and non-work in home-based telework and to analyze the following issues: - conflict versus facilitation as related to the segmentation and integration of work/non-work domains - the nature and role of boundaries - the physical and mental aspects of work activities within the domains The thesis is based on quantitative as well as qualitative data. In general, the results show that the domains of work and non-work do interact with each other in various ways and dimensions. The employees reported some degree of overlap spatially, temporally, and mentally, and limited overlap was preferred by the majority. The results show the importance of boundaries, as they are needed in order to bring structure and legitimacy to the work (carried out in the home/private domain) and to detach from work. The teleworking women reported less effective restoration than the non-teleworking women, while the teleworking men reported slightly more effective restoration than the non-teleworking men. Generally, the results showed that work tended to intrude more on family and non-work than vice versa. Individuals who experienced conflict between the domains of work and non-work also reported a lower degree of life satisfaction. Significant associations were found between facilitation (positive spillover) and life satisfaction and recovery.

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The position of middle-management is a role where the manager is at risk of being caught between its management and its employees. Elderly care is an industry that has been discussed a lot, to a large extent on how businesses should be managed and by whom it should be conducted. Middle-management in the business of elderly care thereby possess a vulnerable position in a controversial industry. In this study the aim is to investigate the managers' roles and tasks in both the public sector and the private sector in elderly care. It also aims to examine whether there are differences between the roles and how they in such cases is manifested. Previous researchers treats middle-managements role in elderly care as uniform for both sectors and focuses on the conditions and challenges. The theoretical background of the thesis is partly Ritzers McDonaldization to explain efficiency work in elderly care and Goffman's theories of social roles between the managerial role. The study was conducted through qualitative semi-structured interviews with nine interviews conducted, divided of five respondents in the public sector and four in the private sector. The result shows that the conditions for middle-management in elderly care for both sectors are similar in most cases, for example responsibilities and economic impact and that middle-management in both sectors experience a lack of time. However, there are certain areas that differ slightly, for example it is described by the private players that they have a better financial situation than their rivals in the public sector. It is also clear from the thesis that there may be other influential factors, for instance whether a home for the elderly run by public sector is exposed for competeition, or if a privately elderly care-unit is owned and fully run in-house. / Mellanchefsrollen är en utsatt roll där chefen riskerar hamna i kläm mellan sin ledning och sina medarbetare. Det är ett stressfyllt arbete. Äldreomsorgen är en bransch som diskuterats mycket, till stor del kring hur verksamheter ska skötas och i vilken regi den ska bedrivas. Mellanchefen inom äldreomsorgen besitter därmed en utsatt roll i en omdiskuterad bransch. I den här studien syftas att undersöka mellanchefers roller och arbetsuppgifter i den offentliga sektorn och privata sektorn inom äldreomsorgen. Syftet är även att undersöka om det finns skillnader mellan rollerna och hur de i sådana fall tar sig uttryck. Tidigare forskning behandlar genomgående mellanchefsrollen inom äldreomsorgen som enhetligt för båda sektorerna och redogör för förutsättningar och utmaningar. Den teoretiska bakgrunden i uppsatsen är dels Ritzers McDonaldization för effektiviseringsarbetet inom äldreomsorgen och Goffmans teorier om sociala roller för mellanchefsrollen. Studien är genomförd genom kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer där 9 intervjuer har genomförts fördelat på 5 respondenter i offentlig sektor och 4 i privat sektor. Resultatet visar att förutsättningarna för mellanchefer inom äldreomsorgen inom båda sektorerna är likartade i de flesta fall, bland annat gällande ansvarsområden och ekonomisk påverkan samt att de i båda sektorerna känner stor tidspress. Vidare finns det vissa områden där det skiljer sig åt en aning, exempelvis redogör de privata aktörerna för att de har en bättre ekonomisk situation. Det framgår även av uppsatsen att det kan finnas andra påverksansfaktorer, bland annat om en verksamhet är konkurrensutsatt eller om verksamheten privat drivs i egen regi.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:38:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4355.pdf: 1982890 bytes, checksum: 428d597fde7d7b643dff4fb7076e6350 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-27 / Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos / The objective of this research was to understand the trajectories of migrant families and, especially, the life trajectories and social roles assigned and represented in society and specifically in the processes of migration, women migrants and northeastern Paraná, living in a neighborhood of the city of São Carlos, São Paulo, called city Aracy, always considering the origin, the regional culture, socioeconomic status and family arrangements. For the achievement of this study were performed in a first phase, conversations with authors who discuss the theme of migration, whether international or domestic were performed. A dialogue with theorists who portray the issue of gender, male domination and sexual division of labor, as well as authors who address the notion of family arrangements was also made. Finally, we worked with authors who discuss women's participation in migratory flows and the coordination and mobilization of kinship networks. Then, through qualitative research, interviews were conducted with 33 migrant women, using a guide and semi-structured individual interviews, which was built as advanced research and theoretical literature. The research shows that women migrants women in question, according to the socio-cultural and family, play different social roles. Family and living arrangements decisively influence the representation of these social roles. But other factors such as the origin, regional culture, the weather conditions and socioeconomic status, may influence these representations, to the point of women from the same family arrangement, act differently in society in general and in the migration process. / O objetivo desta pesquisa foi o de compreender as trajetórias das famílias migrantes e, sobretudo, as trajetórias de vida e os papéis sociais atribuídos e desempenhados no âmbito da sociedade e, especificamente, nos processos migratórios, por mulheres migrantes paranaenses e nordestinas, residentes em um bairro da cidade de São Carlos, interior de São Paulo, denominado Cidade Aracy, considerando sempre a origem, a cultura regional, a condição socioeconômica e o arranjo familiar. Para a efetivação deste estudo, foram realizados, em uma primeira fase, diálogos com autores que discutem a temática da migração, seja ela internacional ou interna. Dialogou-se ainda com teóricos que retratam a questão de gênero, a dominação masculina e a divisão sexual do trabalho, bem como com autores que abordam a noção de arranjos familiares. Finalmente, trabalhou-se com autores que discutem a participação da mulher nos fluxos migratórios e na articulação e mobilização das redes de parentesco. Em seguida, através da pesquisa qualitativa, realizaram-se entrevistas com 33 mulheres migrantes, empregando um roteiro de entrevista individual e semiestruturado, que foi construído à medida que avançava a pesquisa bibliográfica e a fundamentação teórica. A pesquisa revela que as mulheres migrantes em questão, de acordo com o contexto sociocultural e familiar, desempenham papéis sociais diferentes. A família e os arranjos familiares influenciam decisivamente no desempenho desses papéis sociais. Mas, outros fatores, como a origem, a cultura regional, a condição climática, a condição socioeconômica, podem influenciar nessas representações, ao ponto das mulheres provenientes de um mesmo arranjo familiar, atuarem de modos diferentes na sociedade em geral e no processo migratório.

Since 1964 and 1973, Brazil and Chile, respectively, were taken over by civil-military dictatorship as a consequence of the confrontation of poles of power instituted in the world after the end of the Second World War (1939-1945) and the beginning of the Cold War (1945-1991). Authoritarianism, according to Umbach (2012), consists in a political regime in which the state controls the society, manipulating its political participation and narrowing the possibilities of social mobilization. The present study intends to analyze the sociopolitical contexts of the literary works De amor y de Sombra, written by Isabel Allende (1942), and Uma varanda sobre o silêncio, by Josué Montello (1917-2006). Both novels were published in 1984, and in each plot, the main characters are involved, directly or indirectly, with the military dictatorship and its consequences. Based on the study of the novels‟ central characters, the main objective of the work is to problematize the relationship of women within authoritarianism and their submissive social condition under an androcentric and patriarchal institution. Conservative society has traditionally considered procreation and maternity as women‟s main social roles, through which they would be fully integrated in the social world (SWAIN, 2007). The influence of such themes are here considered in relation to Literature and are understood as ways for social transformation. The approach to the methodology used in this study will be comparative analysis of the aforementioned novels, as well as research related to the proposed themes, from Beauvoir (2009), Muraro (1995), and Swain (2007). Results will show that the composition of the female character, when analyzed under from different perspectives, varies in relation to the genre. The final considerations of this study will point to the prelude of new times, in which women abandon the conventional patterns to which they were used to, revealing to the world different ways to face a traditional society, whose political forces, most of the time, were superior to love. / A partir de 1964 e de 1973, a ditadura civil-militar implantou-se no Brasil e no Chile, respectivamente, em consequência ao enfrentamento entre os pólos do poder, instaurados no mundo com o final da Segunda Guerra Mundial (1939-1945) e o início da Guerra Fria (1945-1991). O autoritarismo, segundo Umbach (2012), consiste em um regime político no qual o estado controla a sociedade, manipulando sua participação política e estreitando as possibilidades de mobilização social. Pretendemos analisar, no presente estudo, os contextos sociopolíticos das obras De amor y de Sombra, escrita por Isabel Allende (1942), e Uma varanda sobre o silêncio, escrita por Josué Montello (1917-2006), ambas, em 1984. Em ambos os enredos, as personagens centrais envolvem-se, direta ou indiretamente, com a ditadura militar e suas consequências. Objetivamos refletir, com base no estudo das personagens centrais dos romances, sobre a relação da mulher com o autoritarismo e sobre o servilismo da condição social outorgada pela sociedade androcêntrica e patriarcal à mulher. A sociedade conservadora vem considerando, tradicionalmente, a procriação e a maternidade como os principais papéis sociais femininos, responsáveis pela integração da mulher no mundo social (SWAIN, 2007). Consideramos as influências dos temas mencionados, em relação à Literatura, compreendida como um meio de transformação social. A metodologia empregada no presente estudo será a análise comparativa dos romances anteriormente referidos, bem como a recorrência às pesquisas, relacionadas aos temas propostos, de Beauvoir (2009), Muraro (1995) e Swain (2007). Os resultados demonstrarão que a composição da personagem feminina, ao ser analisada sob diferentes vieses, varia em relação ao gênero da autoria. As considerações finais deste estudo apontarão para os prenúncios de novos tempos, em que mulheres abandonam os padrões convencionais de normalidade a que estavam acostumadas, revelando, então, ao mundo, maneiras distintas de encarar uma sociedade conservadora, cujas forças políticas, muitas vezes, eram superiores ao amor.