Denna studie undersöker hur statliga myndigheter är som hyresgäster på den svenska lokalhyresmarknaden. I studien analyseras myndigheternas hyreskontraktslängder samt den faktiska hyresperioden för respektive lokal. Därutöver utreds hur respektive myndighet hanterar sin lokalförsörjning både organisatoriskt och strategiskt. För att få en tillförlitlig perception om dagens situation har såväl historisk utveckling samt rådande trender och framtidsutsikter i den statliga lokalförsörjningen beaktats. Tidigare forskning kring myndigheters lokalhyrestider är begränsad, således är förhoppningen att denna studie ska bringa klarhet i detta. Vidare ämnar studiens syfte till att klargöra statliga myndigheters strategi gällande lokalförsörjning. Studien bygger på en kvalitativ del vilken innefattar intervjuer med fem statliga myndigheter. Dessa myndigheter är personalintensiva och har en sådan verksamhet som nyttjar en stor andel kontorsyta. Utöver den kvalitativa delen har en kvantitativ studie genomförts där myndigheternas hyreskontrakt analyserats, både historiska och nuvarande. Lokalförsörjning är inte statliga institutioners kärnverksamhet, detta har gjort att en vanlig uppfattning är att institutionerna inte prioreterar sin hyressituation. Denna studie visar att hyressituationen haft en sekundär roll men att myndigheterna idag fått kontroll eller arbetar med att få kontroll över sin hyressituation. Statliga myndigheter sitter kvar markant längre än de skriver hyreskontrakt på. En tendens är att de kortat ner sina kontraktslängder samtidigt som de sitter kvar längre i sina lokaler. Vid omlokalisering av en myndighet uppstår stora flyttkostnader detta medför att en myndighet hellre stannar kvar i sina lokaler än genomför en flytt. Vid ändrade förhållanden av hyressituationen föredras en anpassning av den befintliga lokalen framför en omlokalisering. Myndigheter som analyserats är Arbetsförmedlingen, Domstolsverket, Försäkringskassan, Polisen samt Skatteverket. / This study examines how government authorities behave as tenants in the Swedish rental market. The study analyses the authorities’ rental contract lengths and the actual rental period for each of the subject premises. In addition, the study investigates how each authority handles its premises, both organisationally and strategically. To get an accurate perception of the current situation, historical and current trends and future prospects of premises have been taken into account. As previous research of authorities’ rental periods is limited; this study aspires to bring clarity to the subject. Further, the purpose of the study is to clarify the government authorities’ policies and strategies regarding their premises rentals. The study is based on one qualitative part which includes interviews with five government authorities. These authorities are labour-intensive with businesses using large proportions of office space. In addition to the qualitative part, a quantitative study has been carried out, regarding historical and current government leases, followed by an analysis. Premises are not the core business of the Government institutions, which has led to a widespread belief that institutions are not prioritising their rental situation. This study shows that the rental situations historically have had a secondary role, but that authorities today have good control, or working to gain control of their rental situation. Government authorities are still occupying the premises significantly longer than the lease length they originally sign for. One tendency is that they have shortened their contract lengths, but stay longer in their facilities. A relocation of an authority is associated with major moving-costs, which is why Government authorities tend to occupy their existing premises instead of moving. The authorities prefer tenant improvements (TI’s) in their actual premises before relocation. Analyzed authorities are the Public Employment Service, the National Courts Administration, the Social Insurance Agency, the Police and the Tax Agency.

The County Administrative Board is an authority with big variations in their work. The fact that the County Administrative Board work with so many different issues makes it difficult for the general public to get an insight in what they do and what kind of archival material they create. This handbook is made to illustrate what the County Administrative Board do and how you can find your way to the archives and its documents, both as an employ and as a public visitor. The Handbook begins with a historical overview of the County Administrative Board, from the 17th century to today, with focus on the County Administrative Board of Uppsala. As the Handbook is made for both employees and for the general public several ways to enter the archives are described. Since the employees at the County Administrative Board of Uppsala have access to the archives them self the Handbook also provides detailed descriptions about how to find the way to the records. These descriptions both explains the way to archives organized in dossier and archives organized in chronological order, both provided at County Administrative Board of Uppsala. All the records that the County Administrative Board of Uppsala has generated though the years are not available in the building of the County Administrative Board but at The National Archive in Uppsala. The records are listed in charts in the end of the Handbook.

För att kunna hantera konflikter krävs olika kompetenser, vilka som krävs och hur vi behärskar dessa genom olika erfarenheter som vi skapat oss i olika sammanhang är en central fråga i denna studie. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka vilka kompetenser sektionschefer inom statliga myndigheter upplever sig behöva för att hantera konflikter på arbetsplatsen mellan sina medarbetare. Vi vill också belysa under vilka omständigheter de samlat på sig dessa erfarenheter. För att besvara syftet tog vi hjälp av följande frågeställningar: “vilka kompetenser anser sektionschefer vara relevanta för att hantera en konflikt?”, “vilka tidigare erfarenheter anser de vara användbara?” samt “hur använder de sig av tidigare erfarenheter för att hantera konflikter på arbetsplatsen?”. En forskningsöversikt över olika fält presenteras under följande rubriker: vad konflikthantering innebär, vad som krävs för konflikthantering som tredje part, nödvändiga kompetenser samt relationen till statliga myndigheter. För att undersöka syftet genomförde vi intervjuer med sju sektionschefer på två statliga myndigheter. Med utgångspunkt i Lev Vygotskijs teori om sociokulturella perspektiv samt Mikhail Bakhtin har vi analyserat och redovisat resultatet. Resultatet visar att sektionscheferna anser sig behöva kompetenser såsom ödmjukhet, vara lyhörd, att kunna se vad som händer på kontoret samt vara modig och våga ta tag i saker. Vikten av att hålla sig neutral nämner de också som en viktig aspekt. De omständigheter som sektionscheferna berättat bidragit med erfarenheter inom konflikthantering är livserfarenhet det viktigaste som de fått sig till livs i familjesammanhang, sportsammanhang samt tidigare arbetslivserfarenheter. I diskussionen behandlas även relationen till tidigare forskning samt resoneras kring framtida forskning. / In order to manage conflict, different competencies are required, which competences are required and how we master them through different experiences, from different contexts, are a key issue in this study. This study aims to investigate which competences section managers within government agencies feel they need to manage conflict at work between their co-workers. We also want to highlight the circumstances under which they amassed these experiences. To be able to answer the purpose, we took the help of these issues: "Which competencies does section managers believe to be relevant to manage conflict?” "Which past experiences do they believe to be useful?" and "How do they use past experience to deal with conflicts in the workplace?". A research across various fields is presented under the following headings: what is conflict, what is required from the third party in conflict management, essential competencies and the relationship to government agencies. To examine the purpose, we conducted interviews with seven heads of sections of two different state agencies. On the basis of Lev Vygotskij's theory about sociocultural perspective, and Mikhail Bakhtin, we have analyzed and reported the results from the empirical material. The results shows that the section heads considers necessary competencies such as humility, to be responsive, to be able to see what happens in the office and to be brave and be able to address problems. The importance of being able to stay neutral was also mentioned as an important aspect. The circumstances that seem to be the most important in the contribution with experience in conflict management seems to the section managers be life experience in different ways. These experiences they received from family context, sporting and previous work experience. In the discussion we also deal with the relation to previous research, and there is also a discussion about future research.

Information is a vital part for most organizations, not least for state agencies as they handle personal data for every citizen, such as medical records, social security numbers and other sensitive information. It is therefore critical to protect the information assets at a sufficient level according to its value. Information security aims to do this by preserving the properties of confidentiality, integrity and availability of the information. This means that accurate and complete information shall be accessible and usable by an authorized entity upon demand. Swedish state agencies are obliged to manage their information security by the implementation of an information security management system (ISMS). The ISMS has to be set up and operated in compliance with the international standards ISO/IEC 27001 and ISO/IEC 27002, but these standards are somewhat vague in describing how to perform certain procedures. One part of the ISMS consists of the process of classifying the information, a process that according to the result from a survey by the Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency (MSB) is troublesome (MSB, 2014), especially for smaller-sized agencies. In this classification process, a classification scheme is used to determine the consequences to the organisation if the confidentiality, integrity or availability of the information is jeopardized. The result of this process determines the level of protection that each piece of information asset will receive at a later stage. It is vital to classify the assets at a suitable level to avoid over or under classification, as the former can lead to unnecessary costs and difficulties in using the assets, and the latter can put the asset at risk of unauthorized access. The interest from the academic world have however been low regarding research focused on the 27000 series of standards, compared to the more mature ISO/IEC 9000 and ISO/IEC 14000 series. This thesis project aims to investigate how the classification scheme has been simplified and to identify enabling factors from the development and use of simplified classification schemes. The research questions for this thesis project are: In which ways have a number of Swedish state agencies simplified their information classification schemes? Which factors have influenced the development and use of a simplified classification scheme? A mixed method, an embedded case study, was used, including both a review of existing information security policies for the state agencies to gather information about current information classification models and schemes, as well as interviews with the chiefs of information security for the state agencies regarding the development and usage of a simplified information classification scheme. In total, 120 documents from 81 agencies were reviewed and 7 interviews were completed. The results from the study shows that the state agencies that have simplified their classification scheme do so by focusing on one aspect: confidentiality. The agencies motivate this by a number of reasons: The aspects integrity and availability are regarded complex and difficult for the end user to relate to and classify. In order to simplify for the end user these aspects are handled by the IT department and the IT environment The integrity and availability aspects are more or less built into the IT environment and thus handled automatically as long as the end user correctly classifies the information asset according to the confidentiality aspect and handles the information according to the handling guidelines The study also shows the need for a national, common set of handling guidelines and consequence levels for the classification scheme as this would simplify and improve the security in communication between the state agencies

Syftet med den här uppsatsen var att undersöka hur handlingar som inte är allmänna handlingar hanteras av tre statliga myndigheter. Utgångspunkten är att det kan finnas handlingar som inte faller in under definitionen allmänna handlingar som kan vara intressanta för eftervärlden och att de riskerar att rensas bort för att det inte finns något regelverk som styr hur de ska hanteras. Att de raderas utan att deras informationsvärde bedöms utifrån de syften med arkivbildningen som anges i Arkivlagen. För att nå syftet har jag använt mig av två frågeställningar. Fråga 1 - Hur resonerar myndigheterna kring bevarande och gallring av handlingar som inte är allmänna? och fråga 2 - Vilka utmaningar upplever myndigheter vid bevarande och gallring av dessa handlingar? För att svara på frågorna valde jag att genomföra en fallstudie. Jag genomförde intervjuer med anställda vid två myndigheter. Jag gjorde dessutom en autoetnografisk undersökning utifrån intervjufrågorna på den myndighet jag själv arbetar. Resultatet av studien visar att handlingar som inte är allmänna sparas i väldigt stor utsträckning. Men att de inte sparas för att de är intressanta för eftervärlden utan för att de inte går att ta bort dem eller för att det är för komplicerat eller dyrt att radera dem. I den digitala världen sparas i stort sätt allt som skapas. Detta passiva bevarande gör att man inte har full kontroll över informationen. Man vet inte riktigt vad arkivet innehåller eller vad det berättar. Handlingar som inte är färdigställda och aldrig varit av intresse för verksamheten i stort utan enbart för enskilda anställda som stöd i deras arbete kommer exempelvis att bli del av arkivet. Dessutom kan känsliga uppgifter i arbetsmaterial komma att bli offentliga eftersom handlingar som tas om hand för arkivering automatiskt blir allmänna handlingar. Tekniken styr i stor utsträckning vad som bevaras och inte arkivaspekten.

Det finns ett stort intresse för hur styrningen av de svenska myndigheterna är utformad och hur den påverkar deras medarbetare. De svenska myndigheterna anses i världen vara välfungerande och har som offentlig verksamhet många utmaningar inför utformningen av styrningen. Försäkringskassan är en svensk myndighet som en stor del av Sveriges befolkning kommer i kontakt med. Den här studien har som avsikt att visa hur styrningen kan vara utformad på lokal nivå. Vi har gjort en fallstudie på Försäkringskassan i Luleå baserad på möjliggörande och tvingande styrning. Vi upptäcker att Försäkringskassan har inslag av både möjliggörande och tvingande styrning. Handläggare styrs av kvantitativa mått, men ges även möjlighet både att påverka hur styrningen är utformad samt att få insyn i hur styrningen är framarbetad. Handläggarna känner även i viss utsträckning att ett fokus ligger på de kvantitativa måtten och att de i huvudsak förväntas hinna med att utföra ett visst antal ärenden per dag. / There is a great deal of interest in how the management of the Swedish public sector works and how it affects its employees. The Swedish public sector is considered well-functioning in the world and, as public sector, it has many challenges in the design of management system. Försäkringskassan is a Swedish authority that a large part of Sweden’s populations comes into contact with. This study aims to show how the management control can work on a local level. We have conducted a case study on Försäkringskassan in Luleå based on enabling and coercive control. We find that Försäkringskassan has elements of both enabling and coercive control. Case workers are guided by quantitative measures, but they are also given the opportunity to influence how the control system is designed as well as to gain insight into how the control system is designed and why. The case workers also feel to some extent that the focus is in the quantitative measurements and that they are largely expected to do a certain number of cases per day.

In this 7.5 HEC B-level thesis in Computer Science, a service desk web application is designed for Swedish government agencies with integrated major incident reporting functionality to the Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency (Myndigheten för samhällsskydd och beredskap). There are several advantages to integrating the major incident reporting procedure into the regular incident management process - information would no longer have to be duplicated, and the problems of untraceability and under-reporting could additionally be solved. The proof-of-concept application was designed and partially developed with ASP.NET Core (MVC) web framework and Bootstrap front-end framework. The user interface was evaluated with heuristic evaluation by the author and two master’s students in Information Security at Luleå Technical University. Although the proposed software and interface design may have left room for improvement, it did highlight the societal need for an efficient and responsible incident management process and the general benefits of integration.

Syftet med denna studie har varit att undersöka användarmedverkan vid utveckling av digitala tjänster hos statliga förvaltningsmyndigheter i Sverige. Tidigare har forskning fokuserat på att undersöka kommuner och deras involvering av användaren vid utveckling av tjänster. Forskning visar att tjänstemän i kommuner har en mer negativ attityd gentemot utveckling av tjänster och därmed negativa till involveringen av användaren i utvecklingen. Anledningen beror på att det är ett tidskrävande arbete som inte har ekonomisk nytta och där det inte finns tillräckligt med kunskap hos de anställda för att driva arbetet med användaren. Litteraturen är idag flera år gammal och i behov av uppdatering. Utöver det har forskningens mål tidigare varit kommuner och därmed skiftas fokuset här till högre organ, nämligen statliga förvaltningsmyndigheter. Studien har utgått utifrån en kvalitativ metod med inslag av abduktiv ansats, där semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts med nio anställda verksamhetsutvecklare och UX-designers från fem olika myndigheter: Arbetsförmedlingen, CSN, Skatteverket, Tillväxtverket och Transportstyrelsen. Resultatet visar att användarmedverkan bedrivs, dock till en begränsad nivå. Myndigheterna har en betydligt mer positiv inställning till involvering av användaren jämfört med kommunernas tjänstemän och det finnsdessutom en önskan att involvera användaren ytterligare. Utmaningar som påverkar till vilken grad användarmedverkan bedrivs är bland annat bristande resurser som budget och relevant kompetens hos anställda. Den mest förekommande utmaningen är dock bristande tid, där reformer från regeringen orsakar korta deadlines, varav myndigheterna tvingas släppa arbetet med användaren och fokusera på det nyinkomna, statliga uppdraget. Studien ökar förståelsen för de statliga myndigheternas arbetssätt och bidrar till framtida forskning, i hopp om att öka kunskapen och ta itu med utmaningarna som de anställda ställs inför vid utveckling av tjänsterna. / The aim of this study has been to examine government agencies’ user participation of citizens, when developing public e-services. In previous research papers, the aim of the studies have been to examine municipalities and their involvement of users in the development of public e-services. The studies show that the officials have a negative attitude towards the development of services and consequently, being negative towards involving the user in the process. The reason for this being, a time-consuming work that has no financial benefits and the employees not having enough knowledge to work with the user. However, those studies are many years old and in need of an update. Moreover, researchers’ aim has previously been municipalities, and therefore the focus is now shifting to higher grounds, namely state agencies. This study is based on a qualitative method with an abductive approach, where semi-structured interviews have been conducted with nine government employees, possessing roles such as business developers and UX-designers, from five different government agencies: The Swedish Public Employment Service, The Swedish Board of Student Finance, The Swedish Tax Agency, The Swedish Agency for Economic and Regional Growth, and The Swedish Transport Agency. The results show that user participation is managed, although to a certain extent. The agencies have a more positive attitude to the involvement of users, compared to the municipalities, and there is a wish to include the user even more. The challenges that affect to what degree the user is involved, are lack of resources, such as budgets and lack of employee-competence. The most recurring challenge however, is time, where legal reforms from the government cause short deadlines, of which the agencies are forced to drop the user-based work and focus on implementing the new laws.The study increases the understanding of the agencies’ work and contributes to future research, in hopes of increasing the knowledge and learning ways to deal with the challenges the employees are faced with when developing public e-services.

The number of scandals during the past years regarding the use and misuse of digital storage of personal infor-mation in combination with the implementation of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) within the EU member states, has resulted in a resurfaced discussion of sovereignty within the public sphere in relation to the storage of digital information. This master thesis examines the attitudes towards national data storage of personal data within twenty Swedish public agencies in the context of the analytical term Digital sovereignty.The thesis uses semi-structured interviews with employees working with data protection and qualitative con-tent analysis of internal documents connected to personal data management, in order to examine Swedish govern-ment agencies attitudes towards national data storage of personal information. The responses of the interviews and the internal policy documents in the area of personal data protections is viewed through the analytic term Digital sovereignty. The government agency the Swedish social security agency’s definition of Digital sovereignty is used in the thesis, which focuses on national governments ability to have control over both the technical and geograph-ical processing and storage of their citizen’s personal data.The thesis concludes that Swedish authorities takes the risk of transfer of personal data to third countries outside of the EU very seriously, while they also see the need to find legal ways to transfer personal data to these same countries. The thesis also concludes that Swedish government agencies try to avoid cloud services and are cautious in their use due to the implications they have for information and data security, while other research have shown that cloud services are used extensively within Swedish government agencies. The thesis also concludes that there is a lack of interest in national data storage of personal information within Swedish government, which can partially be attributed to the relationship between the General Data Protections Regulation and data storage regulation on a national level in Sweden. This leads to the final conclusion in this thesis, which is that there is some indication that the future of storage of personal data with the EU member states lies not in nationally managed cloud services, but rather in a federated cloud service on EU-level such as the currently ongoing project Gaia-X. This is a two years master's thesis in Archival science.