La première partie de la thèse traite de la recherche de biomarqueurs du cancer. Lors de la transcription, il apparaît que certains nucléotides peuvent être remplacés par un autre nucléotide. On s'intéresse alors à la comparaison des probabilités de survenue de ces infidélités de transcription dans des ARNm cancéreux et dans des ARNm sains. Pour cela, une procédure de tests multiples menée sur les positions des séquences de référence de 17 gènes est réalisée via les EST (Expressed Sequence Tag). On constate alors que ces erreurs de transcription sont majoritairement plus fréquentes dans les tissus cancéreux que dans les tissus sains. Ce phénomène conduirait ainsi à la production de protéines dites aberrantes, dont la mesure permettrait par la suite de détecter les patients atteints de formes précoces de cancer. La deuxième partie de la thèse s'attache à l'étude de l'allergie à l'arachide. Afin de diagnostiquer l'allergie à l'arachide et de mesurer la sévérité des symptômes, un TPO (Test de Provocation Orale) est réalisé en clinique. Le protocole consiste à faire ingérer des doses croissantes d'arachide au patient jusqu'à l'apparition de symptômes objectifs. Le TPO pouvant se révéler dangereux pour le patient, des analyses discriminantes de l'allergie à l'arachide, du score du TPO, du score du premier accident et de la dose réactogène sont menées à partir d'un échantillon de 243 patients, recrutés dans deux centres différents, et sur lesquels sont mesurés 6 dosages immunologiques et 30 tests cutanés. Les facteurs issus d'une Analyse Factorielle Multiple sont également utilisés comme prédicteurs. De plus, un algorithme regroupant simultanément en classes des intervalles comprenant les doses réactogènes et sélectionnant des variables explicatives est proposé, afin de mettre ensuite en compétition des règles de classement. La principale conclusion de cette étude est que les mesures de certains anticorps peuvent apporter de l'information sur l'allergie à l'arachide et sa sévérité, en particulier ceux dirigés contre rAra-h1, rAra-h2 et rAra-h3.

Advancements in the field of biotechnology are expanding the scientific horizon and a promising era is envisioned with personalized medicine for improved health. The amount of genetic data is growing at an ever-escalating pace due to the availability of novel technologies that allow massively parallel sequencing and whole-genome genotyping, that are supported by the advancements in computer science and information technologies. As the amount of information stored in databases throughout the world is growing and our knowledge deepens, genetic signatures with significant importance are discovered. The surface of such a set in the data mining process may include causative- or marker single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), revealing predisposition to disease, or gene expression signatures, profiling a pathological state. When targeting a reduced set of signatures in a large number of samples for diagnostic- or fine-mapping purposes, efficient interrogation and scoring require appropriate preparations. These needs are met by miniaturized and parallelized platforms that allow a low sample and template consumption. This doctoral thesis describes an attempt to tackle some of these challenges by the design and implementation of a novel assay denoted Trinucleotide Threading (TnT). The method permits multiplex amplification of a medium size set of specific loci and was adapted to genotyping, gene expression profiling and digital allelotyping. Utilizing a reduced number of nucleotides permits specific amplification of targeted loci while preventing the generation of spurious amplification products. This method was applied to genotype 96 individuals for 75 SNPs. In addition, the accuracy of genotyping from minute amounts of genomic DNA was confirmed. This procedure was performed using a robotic workstation running custom-made scripts and a software tool was implemented to facilitate the assay design. Furthermore, a statistical model was derived from the molecular principles of the genotyping assay and an Expectation-Maximization algorithm was chosen to automatically call the generated genotypes. The TnT approach was also adapted to profiling signature gene sets for the Swedish Human Protein Atlas Program. Here 18 protein epitope signature tags (PrESTs) were targeted in eight different cell lines employed in the program and the results demonstrated high concordance rates with real-time PCR approaches. Finally, an assay for digital estimation of allele frequencies in large cohorts was set up by combining the TnT approach with a second-generation sequencing system. Allelotyping was performed by targeting 147 polymorphic loci in a genomic pool of 462 individuals. Subsequent interrogation was carried out on a state-of-the-art massively parallelized Pyrosequencing instrument. The experiment generated more than 200,000 reads and with bioinformatic support, clonally amplified fragments and the corresponding sequence reads were converted to a precise set of allele frequencies. / QC 20100813

Wheat is one of the most essential food sources in the world. However, there has been serious yield loss of wheat production due to stripe rust disease caused by the fungal pathogen Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. The cost-effective and long-lasting defense to the disease can be achieved by generating genetically resistant crops against the disease forming pathogens. To accomplish this, first step is to acquire knowledge in the plant pathogen interactions of the crop and the pathogen of interests at the cellular and the molecular level. In this thesis research, PstHa2a5 candidate effector gene from Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici is investigated to identify its role and interaction between host factors in yellow rust infected Triticum aestivum L. The gene construct was engineered with FLAG-tag fusion at its N-terminus, and synthesized. This construct was cloned into pJL48-TRBO vector for an expression in Nicotiana benthamiana via agrobacterium-mediated gene transformation. The expressed protein structure with FLAG-tag was purified, and immunoprecipitated with one putative N. benthamiana interactor by immunoprecipitation experiments. This candidate interactor protein will be identified with Mass Spectroscopy. In addition to this, subcellular localization of the effector candidate was examined in N. benthamiana plant. This was achieved by cloning PstHa2a5 gene construct in pK7WGF2 gateway destination vector and localization is determined by GFP expression in N. benthamiana after agrobacterium-mediated gene transformation.

It has been suggested that organismal complexity correlates with the complexity of gene regulation. Transcriptional control of gene expression is mediated by binding of regulatory proteins to cis-acting sequences on the genome. Hence, it is crucial to identify the chromosomal targets of transcription factors (TFs) to delineate transcriptional regulatory networks underlying gene expression programs. The development of ChIP-chip technology has enabled high throughput mapping of TF binding sites across the genome. However, there are many limitations to the technology including the availability of whole genome arrays for complex organisms such human or mouse. To circumvent these limitations, we developed the Sequence Tag Analysis of Genomic Enrichment (STAGE) methodology that is based on extracting short DNA sequences or “tags” from ChIP-enriched DNA. With improvements in sequencing technologies, we applied the recently developed ChIP-Seq technique i.e. ChIP followed by ultra high throughput sequencing, to identify binding sites for the TF E2F4 across the human genome. We identified previously uncharacterized E2F4 binding sites in intergenic regions and found that several microRNAs are potential E2F4 targets. Binding of TFs to their respective chromosomal targets requires access of the TF to its regulatory element, which is strongly influenced by nucleosomal remodeling. In order to understand nucleosome remodeling in response to transcriptional perturbation, we used ultra high throughput sequencing to map nucleosome positions in yeast that were subjected to heat shock or were grown normally. We generated nucleosome remodeling profiles across yeast promoters and found that specific remodeling patterns correlate with specific TFs active during the transcriptional reprogramming. Another important aspect of gene regulation operates at the post-transcriptional level. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are ~22 nucleotide non-coding RNAs that suppress translation or mark mRNAs for degradation. MiRNAs regulate TFs and in turn can be regulated by TFs. We characterized a TF-miRNA network involving the oncofactor Myc and the miRNA miR-22 that suppresses the interferon pathway as primary fibroblasts enter a stage of rapid proliferation. We found that miR-22 suppresses the interferon pathway by inhibiting nuclear translocation of the TF NF-kappaB. Our results show how the oncogenic TF Myc cross-talks with other TF regulatory pathways via a miRNA intermediary. / text

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Im Zuge der stärkeren Entwicklung des Web 2.0 und der damit vermehrten Veröffentlichung von nutzergenerierten Inhalten werden in dieser Arbeit neuartige Ansätze zur Analyse von hinzugefügten Tags, insbesondere von Geotags, betrachtet. Neben touristischen Erkenntnissen sind vor allem globale Fotosammlungen und 3D-Modelle aus einzelnen Fotos nennenswerte Ergebnisse dieser Forschungsarbeiten. Das Hauptaugenmerk dieser Diplomarbeit liegt bei der Entwicklung einer mobilen Anwendung zur Visualisierung von Kunsttopographien entlang des Malerwegs für das Betriebssystem Android. Mit dieser Applikation wird gleichzeitig ein Ansatz zur Zusammenarbeit der Fachgebiete Kunstwissenschaft und Kartographie geliefert. Hierfür sollen Landschaftsgemälde im Untersuchungsgebiet der Sächsischen Schweiz in der mobilen Anwendung dargestellt werden. Durch die Georeferenzierung der Malerstandorte dieser Gemälde können sie anhand der somit definierten Geotags in einer Karte visualisiert werden. Die Applikation soll den Nutzer nicht nur bei der Wahl eines Wanderweges unterstützen, sondern mit Hilfe einer passenden Signatur auch jederzeit entsprechende Informationen zu einem Landschaftsgemälde liefern, zum Beispiel Entstehungszeit, Epoche, Ausstellungsort oder Name des Künstlers. In der App zum Malerweg ist außerdem auch die Verlinkung zu Wikipedia-Artikeln, sowie die Kameranutzung integriert. Mit einem Usability Test wird schließlich die Gebrauchstauglichkeit der mobilen Anwendung ermittelt. / In the course of the greater development of Web 2.0 and the resulting increased publication of “User Generated Content”, this work consider innovative approaches to the analysis of added tags, espacially of geotags. In addition to tourist findings, global photo collections and 3D models of individual photos are especially noteworthy results of this research. The main focus of this diploma thesis is the development of a mobile application for the visualisation of art topographies along the so called “Malerweg” for Android operating system. At the same time, an approach to the coorperation of the subject areas of science of art and cartography is delivered with this application. Therefore, landscape paintings of the study area Saxon Switzerland should be shown in the mobile application. By geocoding the painterlocations of these paintings, they can be visualized in a map based on the thus-defined geotags. The application will not only assist the user in choosing a trail, but also provide a matching cartographic symbol for delivering relevant information about a landscape painting at any time, for example, time of origin, epoch, place of issue or the name of the artist. In the app to “Malerweg”, there\'s furthermore a linking to Wikipedia articles integrated, as well as the camera use. Finally, a testing determine the usability of the mobile application.

Im Grußwort zum hochschulöffentlichen Open Access-Tag 2015 formulierte Herr Professor Heinrich Lang, Prorektor für Forschung und wissenschaftlichen Nachwuchs: "Open Access schafft Strukturen und Verfahren zur Bereitstellung von Forschungsergebnissen im Internet, die einen freien und langfristigen Zugang zu diesen Ressourcen gewährleisten. Im Zeitalter digitaler Wissensverbreitung ist Open Access damit ein Garant für die Wahrung der Publikations- und Informationsfreiheit, für deren Einklang und die Wissenschaften voranzutreiben." Am Vormittag des 02.11.2015 kamen Bibliothekare aus sieben sächsischen Hochschul- und Spezialbibliotheken zum 2. Workshop der Open Access Community Sachsen zusammen. Sie präsentierten und diskutierten Strategien und Dienstleistungen zur Unterstützung von Open-Access-Publikationen. In Sachsen wird es dazu eine intensive Zusammenarbeit geben. Danach trafen sich die Wissenschaftler/innen und Studierenden der TU Chemnitz im zentralen Hörsaalgebäude. Das Programm wurde vom Open-Access-Team der Universitätsbibliothek koordiniert und von der Bibliotheksdirektorin, Frau Angela Malz moderiert. Als Referenten konnten anerkannte Experten aus dem Urheberrecht, dem Verlagswesen und der Allianz der Wissenschaftsorganisationen sowie Wissenschaftler der TU Chemnitz gewonnen werden. Es ergab sich eine anregende Diskussion zu den Umwälzungen im wissenschaftlichen Publikationswesen aus verschiedenen Blickwinkeln. Der jährliche Informations- und Aktionstag ist Ausdruck des Engagements der Universitätsbibliothek, Wissenschaftler/innen bei der Open Access Publikation zu unterstützen. / In his welcome speech of the Open Access Day 2015 at the Technische Universität Chemnitz Professor Dr. Heinrich Lang, Vice-Rector for Research and Promotion of Young Scientists, statet that „Open Access creates structures and procedures for the online provision of research results and thereby ensures the free and long-term access to those resources. In the era of the digital dissemination of knowledge, Open Access protects the freedom of publication as well as the freedom of information, whose unity is the basis of scientific advancement.“ The morning session on 2 November 2015 was dedicated to the second workshop of Saxony‘s Open Access Community in which librarians from seven university and specialised libraries got together to discuss strategies and services for the support of Open Access publications. To this end, there will be a close collaboration of Saxon libraries. For the afternoon session of the Open Access Day scientists and students of the Technische Universität Chemnitz gathered in the central lecture hall. The program was coordinated by the University Library and was moderated by the Head Librarian, Angela Malz. Lectures were delivered by experts on copyright law, renowned representatives from the publishing industry and the alliance of scientific organisations in Germany, as well as highly respected scientists of the Technische Universität Chemnitz. Their various perspectives on the transformation processes in academic publishing initiated lively discussions with the audience. This annual day of information and action reflects the dedication of the University Library Chemnitz to support scientists and scholars in publishing Open Access.

Submitted by Eduardo Cotrim (edulucascotrim@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-09-11T21:41:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_ELC_final revisada.pdf: 901904 bytes, checksum: 34ced8d99037b195a9bf9d7a754202cf (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Joana Martorini (joana.martorini@fgv.br) on 2017-09-11T22:25:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_ELC_final revisada.pdf: 901904 bytes, checksum: 34ced8d99037b195a9bf9d7a754202cf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-12T16:45:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_ELC_final revisada.pdf: 901904 bytes, checksum: 34ced8d99037b195a9bf9d7a754202cf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-09 / In the last decades several papers have tried to estimate and explain the existence of control block premium in a number of countries. A lot of factors are related to it, like the private benefits of control, shareholder structure, the stage of corporate governance development in each country, idiosyncratic characteristics of the companies, etc. This paper studies the Brazilian stock market taking into account the evolution occurred since the early 2000 in terms of laws and rules of corporate governance. It was found that a high premium is paid to take control of the companies in Brazil and that larger premiums are verified in transaction involving companies with lower corporate governance practices. / Nas últimas décadas diversos estudos tiveram por objetivo quantificar e explicar a existência de prêmios pago por blocos de controle em inúmeros países. Muitos fatores estão relacionados a tal variável, como benefícios privados derivados do controle, estrutura acionária, estágio de evolução da governança corporativa em cada economia, aspectos específicos referentes às companhias, etc. Este trabalho aborda o mercado de capitais brasileiro em um ambiente mais desenvolvido em termos de leis e governança corporativa se comparado aos trabalhos acadêmicos do início da década de 2000. Foi verificado que existe um prêmio de controle significante nas transações com alienação de controle no país, além de haver indícios de que os maiores prêmios sejam pagos em transações envolvendo empresas listadas em segmentos de governança corporativa mais baixos.

Text in German with German and English summaries / In times of global crisis, eschatological questions gain relevance. The Old Testament concept of HàWH:J moWJ has primary bearing on Christian eschatological expectations. This study examines the discourse of the Day of Yahweh of Amos and Isaiah in the context of their message. Concept and origin of this discourse are controversial. A review of research shows that the current understandings do not adequately answer questions about the origin of this discourse. Both the definitions of “Day of Yahweh” passages and the certitude that HàWH:J moWJ is a technical term seem problematic. Analysis of Amos 5:18-20 shows that, contrary to commonly accepted understanding, a nontechnical understanding of the phrase HàWH:J moWJ is sufficient for interpreting the passage. Linguistically similar phrases in Isaiah also merely relate Yahweh’s historical intervention, and do not refer to an established concept. Only later did a tradition complex arise from this prophetic proclamation. / In Zeiten globaler Krisen gewinnen eschatologische Fragestellungen an Aktualität. Zentrale Bedeutung für die christliche Zukunftserwartung hat der Tag des Herrn, dessen alttestamentlicher Wurzelgrund der HàWH:J moWJ ist. Die Studie untersucht die Rede vom Tag Jahwes bei den Schriftpropheten Amos und Jesaja im Kontext ihrer Verkündigung. Konzept und Herkunft dieser Rede sind umstritten. Ein Forschungsüberblick zeigt, dass die gängigen Erklärungsmodelle die Frage nach der Herkunft dieser Rede nicht ausreichend beantworten. Als problematisch erscheinen die Definitionen von Tag Jahwes-Belegen und die Sicherheit, mit der man die Wendung HàWH:J moWJ als Terminus technicus bezeichnet. Die Untersuchung zu Am 5,18-20 erweist, dass, entgegen dem Common sense der Forschung, ein formales Verständnis der Wendung HàWH:J moWJ zur Interpretation der Rede ausreicht. Ähnliche sprachliche Wendungen bei Jesaja paraphrasieren ebenfalls nur das geschichtliche Eingreifen Jahwes und verweisen nicht auf eine Auseinandersetzung mit einem bestehenden Konzept. Ein Traditionskomplex namens Tag Jahwes erwuchs erst später aus dieser prophetischen Verkündigung. / Biblical and Ancient Studies / M. Th. (Old Testament)

RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) system is a wireless system without any kinds of mechanical or optical connection between identifying and detected objects. It consists of two basic devices: a reader and tag. Recently with the development of the technology, SAW-RFID (Surface Acoustic Wave Radio Frequency Identification) tags come into market with acceptable price, as well as its size tends to miniaturization. We propose to use 3D wireless indoor localization system to detect the position of the tags. The reader converts radio waves returned from the SAW-RFID tag into a form, which can be useful to process the information. The system consists of SAW-RFID tags placed on the object and several RF Readers in the room. The readers sequentially transmit the impulse signals which are then reflected from different tags and received by readers. Then a signal round-trip TOA (Time of Arrival) between tags and readers can be estimated. We define a 3D coordinate system of the readers and calculate the positions of the tags using suitable specific algorithm. Our system is design to monitor a human body position. The goal is to detect a tumble of solitary living people. A case when the tag positions are identified to be below a per-set threshold means that something happened, and maybe a man has fallen on the ground. This emergency situation can be detected by the monitoring system which then sends information to an alarm system which can call the health centre to take care of the patient. In this paper, a 5 m×5 m×3 m indoor localization system is implemented in Matlab. The simulation results show a correct identification of a fallen man and accuracy of the high measurement below 30 cm. / 0762770008