L’étude des romans attribués à Robert de Boron s’inscrit dans le sillage des travaux sur l’autoréflexivité romanesque et auctoriale, ainsi que sur le développement et la diffusion du mythe du Saint-Graal. Robert de Boron apparaît comme le fondateur d’une importante tradition graalienne, explicitement associée à la figure du Christ et promise à un avenir littéraire considérable. Nous croyons que l’approche mythopoétique, qui permet à la littérature de créer des mythes, s’accorde avec les enjeux socio-historiques des laïcs, ce qui explique pourquoi le projet de Robert s’est étendu jusqu’au cycle du Lancelot -Graal où il a servi de fondation à la chevalerie célestiele. Dans la première partie de ce travail, nous examinons le Saint-Graal et la tradition incarnée par Robert (occurrences, scènes, senefiance et Hauts Livres). Dans la deuxième partie, nous étudions la figure de Robert (éléments de biographie, figure auctoriale, autorité). La dernière partie nous donne l’occasion de remettre les mythes littéraires dans leur contexte afin de montrer qu’ils sont transformés en mythes socio-historiques grâce au savant mélange du discours laïque et du discours clérical. / The study of the French romances attributed to Robert de Boron lies within the recent works on self reflexivity in medieval literature and on the rise and spreading of the Holy Grail myth. Robert de Boron has become known as the founder of a new Grail tradition, explicitly related to Jesus Christ and destined to a great popularity. We think that mythopoétique approach, which allows literature to create myths, is consistent with the socio-historical issues of the laity, which is why Robert’s undertaking has spread to the Lancelot-Grail cycle where it served as the foundation of celestial chivalry. This dissertation consists of three main parts. In the first one, we examine the occurrences of the « Holy Grail » expression in the selected books. Furthermore, we go deeper in our analysis of the Grail tradition embodied by Robert de Boron. In the second part of the thesis, we focus of the figure of Robert, by studying some biographical information, his status as a writer and the nature of medieval authority and authorship. The last section of our work gives us the opportunity to set the literary myths in context to show that they are transformed into socio-historical myths through both secular and clerical discourses in the Arthurian romances.

Enigmatique, poétique, fragmentaire, foisonnante, réitérative, l’œuvre de Pascal Quignard attire par son univers complexe composé de fiction, de vécu personnel, de récits fabuleux, d’érudition, de pensées philosophiques, dans lequel on rencontre des lieux qui constituent des ports d’attache et qui détiennent les secrets du temps. Ces lieux semblent structurer l’œuvre. L’auteur s’intéresse à l’esprit des lieux comme pour mieux souligner les liens invisibles et imaginaires qui se tissent entre l’homme, son territoire et son passé. Etudier l’esprit des lieux et le mythe de l’origine chez Quignard, c’est essayer de comprendre l’évocation récurrente de ce territoire devenu obsédant et sa puissance de représentation dans la création de l’écrivain. Avec le choix du double corpus, romanesque et philosophique, avec le choix d’une méthode de recherche pluridisciplinaire (critique littéraire, anthropologie, imaginaire), notre thèse se construit en trois parties, qui abordent successivement la question de l’attirance des lieux, celle du glissement de l’enchantement à la mélancolie, ainsi que les caractéristiques de l’écriture poétique et mythique de Quignard. Nous trouvons des lieux enchantés qui reflètent la Weltanschauung de l’auteur. Véritables sources de vie, de l’imagination et de la création, ils suscitent la réconciliation entre l’homme et son passé, son territoire et son identité, même si la mélancolie y demeure fondamentale. Les personnages de Quignard sont extrêmement sensibles à tout ce qui est perdu et oublié, à des maisons et lieux abandonnés, à des hommes qui sont présentés comme des enfants d’Eve exilés. Le désir de ré-enraciner, de se ré-ancrer dans le lieu d’autrefois révèle l’attachement mais aussi la défaillance, car l’homme se trouve vite confronté à ce qui est perdu, au vide. L’enchantement reste éphémère, la mélancolie nous ouvre la porte des lieux sombres. Pour mettre en lumière l’esprit des lieux, Pascal Quignard a recours à une écriture riche en réminiscences, en images, en mythes. Son œuvre est le fruit de l’imaginaire, de l’intuition. Les relations complexes entre Fragments, Réminiscences, Mémoire dans son écriture révèlent la profondeur poétique de l’œuvre, tandis que le narrateur suit l’instant, la trace des êtres, les appels lointains, toujours avec son intuition, et ses impressions de poète mélancolique. L’écrivain sert également d’anciens mythes, les transforme et les enrichit comme un moyen efficace pour créer son propre mythe des lieux : mythe du perdu, mythe du retour et mythe de l’origine. / Enigmatic, poetic, fragmentary, abundant, the attraction of Pascal Quignard's work comes from the complex universe of fiction, personal experiences, fabulous stories, extensive documentation and philosophical thoughts, in which some places are homeports, holding the secrets of time. Such places seem to structure the work. The author favors the spirit of places, as if to underline the invisible imaginary links between man, his territory and his past. To study the spirit of places and the origin of myth in the work of Quignard one has to try to understand the recurring evocation, which has become obsessive, of this territory, and his power of creation as writer. With the choice of a double corpus, fiction and philosophy, and a method of interdisciplinary research (literary criticism, anthropology, imagination), our thesis divides into three parts, which will examine in succession the attractiveness of places, then proceed from enchantment to melancholy, and eventually determine the characteristics of the poetic and (the) mythical writing of Quignard. We will find enchanted places that reflect the worldview of the author. They are the true sources of life, imagination and creativity, bringing about reconciliation between man and his past, his territory and his identity, even if melancholy remains fundamental in them. The characters of Quignard are extremely sensitive to all that is lost and forgotten, abandoned homes and places, and to men who are Eve's children in exile. The desire to re-root oneself into the place of the past reveals attachment but also failure, because man is quickly confronted with loss and emptiness. The enchantment remains elusive; melancholy appears constant and opens somber places in his work. To enhance the spirit of place, Quignard makes use of a rich choice of reminiscences, images and myths. His work is at the same time search for, analysis and a quest on man and his place on earth, but it is also a product of imagination and intuition. The complex relations between Fragments, Reminiscences, and Memory in his writing reveal the poetic depth of the work. The narrator also follows moment and instinct, always with the intuition and feelings of a melancholy poet. The writer also uses ancient myths and transforms and enriches them as an effective way to create his own myth of place: myth of (the) loss, myth of (the) return and the myth of (the) origin.

Submitted by Caroline Falcao (caroline.rfalcao@ufpe.br) on 2017-06-13T17:24:21Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) 2011-Dissertacao-Anna-Beatriz-Koslinski.pdf: 1798709 bytes, checksum: 24317b8d8516ed44c84a6fac0045ad0e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-13T17:24:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) 2011-Dissertacao-Anna-Beatriz-Koslinski.pdf: 1798709 bytes, checksum: 24317b8d8516ed44c84a6fac0045ad0e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-14 / Nas ultimas décadas e,principalmente,nesse início de século,observamos uma conquista de espaços e visibilidade dos maracatus-nação pernambucanos não só em Pernambuco como em diversos estados brasileiros. Nesse contexto,onde a manifestação se tornou, dentre outras coisas, atração turística percebemos que,categorias como religiosidade, tradição e mesmo africanidadese tornaram valores presentes nos grupos, valores que,de certa forma lhes conferem autenticidade. Apesar da recorrência desses valores, o modo como cada grupo articula com eles é muito diverso, criando uma série de particularidades e contribuindo para a construção de suas identidades. A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo compreender o processo de construção de identidade dos maracatuzeiros da Nação do Maracatu Porto Rico, uma das nações com maior visibilidade na cidade do Recife e arredores. Deste modo, buscaremos tal compreensão através do estudo dos rituais e simbolismo articulados dentro do grupo, que tem como característica marcante a forte vivência religiosa, que muitas vezes dá sustentação as suas escolhas e atitudes, como também do estudo da narrativa de origem do grupo, que pode ser compreendida como sendo um mito, sendo concretizado por meio de celebrações, loas e discursos proferidos pelas lideranças e pelos demais maracatuzeiros da nação. / In the last decade, especiallyin the beginning of the 21stcentury, it has been observed a raiseof spaces and visibility of the “maracatus-nação” from Pernambuco, not only in such state,but also in otherparts of Brazil. In this context, where the manifestation has become, among several things, a tourist attraction, we have noticed that, categories such as religion, tradition and evenafricanity have become recurrentvalues in the groups, values that, in a way, gives them authenticity. Despite the recurrenceof such values, the way each group operateswith them is diverse, creating a series of particular aspects,and contributing to the construction of their identities. The present research has as an objective, the comprehension of the identity construction process of the members from “Nação do Maracatu Porto Rico”, one of the most famous maracatus-naçãoin Recife. In order to reach this objective, we intend to analyzethe rituals and their symbolism operated by the group, which has the religiosity as a strong feature thatmost times holds its choices and attitudes. The research will also analyzethe groups origin narrative, which can also be understood as a myth, been reaffirmed on celebrations, songs anddiscourses made by the liderances and other members of the Nação do Maracatu Porto Rico.

Our research object consists of a discursive analysis of filmic materiality "The Lord of the Rings: the ring society" (2001), part of the trilogy (literary / cinematic), the celebrated author J. R. R. Tolkien, under the direction of Peter Jackson. We propose to understand the production of meanings from the examination of the motion picture film, under French guidance Discourse Analysis. Besides the theoretical basis of that area of knowledge, we look at the relations of power, surveillance, control, discipline, according to Foucault's postulates. Then our primary goal is to analyze the (re)actualization of some myths by cinema, a disseminator support ideologies. And as it is a verbal-visual materiality, also have studied the relationship between characters, the environments in which they are, the colors used to compose the scenography, reflecting on the (re)interpretation of the ring as an object of desire, a symbol of power. In order to realize that analysis, we used Orlandi's (1984) proposed, according to which there is a need to circumscribe the object of analysis. In this sense, we made five cuts on the whole discourse: the discourse of / on the myth (the Tower of Babel, the ideal of lost heaven, the Saint Graal), the Christian discourse, the discourse of / about the woman, on the power of surveillance; the nature discourse, in order to build our research corpus. From these cuts, we examine some images (PÊCHEUX, 1999) and discursive sequences. In these terms, the analysis consists of an interrelation between the analytical tool (the cutouts, their (de)superficiality, images, discursive sequences) and a theoretical tool. The last one is based on Barthes (2007), Bernardet (1985), Campbell (1990), Cassirer (1972), Charaudeau (2007), Foucault (1997, 2003, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013), Gregolin (2007), Nazario (2005), Orlandi (1984, 2002, 2012), Pêcheux (1997, 1999), Tressider (2003). As the result of analysis, we observed how values and beliefs are reconstructed, reinterpreted by the cinema. We still emphasize how some situations are (re) placed, providing the inculcation of certain existential human condition (in the fields of religion, nature); constituting a microphysics of power. We note, finally, the movement of the senses, of the discourses. / O nosso objeto de pesquisa consiste em uma análise discursiva da materialidade fílmica “O senhor dos anéis: a sociedade do anel” (2001), integrante da trilogia (literária/ fílmica), do célebre autor J. R. R. Tolkien, sob a direção de Peter Jackson. Propomos compreender as produções de sentidos provenientes do exame dessa película cinematográfica, à luz da Análise do Discurso de orientação francesa. Além do aporte teórico dessa área do saber, atentamos para as relações de poder, de vigilância, de controle, de disciplina, consoante os postulados foucaultianos. Nosso objetivo principal, então, é analisar a reatualização de alguns mitos pelo cinema, um suporte veiculador de ideologias. E, como se trata de uma materialidade verbo-visual, estudamos igualmente a relação entre os/as personagens, os ambientes em que se encontram, as cores utilizadas para compor a cenografia, refletindo sobre a ressignificação do anel como objeto de desejo, símbolo de poder. Para realizarmos essa análise, empregamos a proposta de Orlandi (1984), segundo a qual há necessidade de delimitarmos o objeto de análise. Nesse sentido, efetuamos cinco recortes sobre o todo discursivo: o discurso do/sobre o mito (a Torre de Babel, o ideal do paraíso perdido; o santo Graal), o discurso cristão, o discurso do/sobre a mulher, o discurso do/sobre o poder, da vigilância; o discurso do/sobre a natureza, a fim de construirmos o nosso corpus de pesquisa. A partir desses recortes, examinamos algumas imagens (PÊCHEUX, 1999) e sequências discursivas. Nesses termos, a análise consiste em uma inter-relação entre o dispositivo analítico (os recortes, a sua de-superficialização, as imagens, as sequências discursivas) e um dispositivo teórico. Este último tem como base Barthes (2007), Bernardet (1985), Campbell (1990), Cassirer (1972), Charaudeau (2007), Foucault (1997, 2003, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013), Gregolin (2007), Nazario (2005), Orlandi (1984, 2002, 2012), Pêcheux (1997, 1999), Tressider (2003). Como resultado das análises, verificamos o modo como valores e crenças são reconstruídos, ressignificados por esse / nesse filme. Ressaltamos ainda a forma como algumas situações são (re)colocadas, propiciando a inculcação de determinadas condições humanas existenciais (nos âmbitos da religião, da natureza); constituindo uma microfísica do poder. Constatamos, enfim, a movência dos sentidos, dos discursos.

Orientador: Alvaro Gabriel Bianchi Mendez / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T16:49:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MeloJunior_SydneiUlissesde_M.pdf: 1057253 bytes, checksum: 54984ae1a8b2c4ded25a88e5d6fca9ae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Esta dissertação é dedicada ao estudo dos trabalhos do marxista peruano José Carlos Mariátegui (1894-1930) e, especialmente, à análise da importância política assumida pelos conceitos de mito e religião no conjunto de sua obra. Os capítulos referem-se a três etapas da vida do autor ¿ a juventude (1914-1919), o exílio (1919-1923) e o regresso e posterior militância socialista no Peru (1923-1930) ¿ e por meio da exposição de sua formação intelectual e política procuramos compreender as preocupações do Amauta com os conceitos acima mencionados. A pesquisa mostra que, contrastado a outros autores clássicos do marxismo, Mariátegui assume um olhar mais sensível ao papel histórico e social cumprido por diferentes manifestações religiosas ¿ contribuindo para isto a referência a sua formação pessoal e familiar, marcada por mística e religiosidade. Em seu desenvolvimento como socialista, o Amauta incorpora ao seu discurso termos como mito, fé e religiosidade, que passam a constituir o horizonte de sua reflexão revolucionária. Por outro lado, ao demonstrar uma preocupação criteriosa com a análise das manifestações políticas e históricas de atores e instituições religiosas ¿ tanto na Itália, quanto no Peru e no continente latino-americano ¿ Mariátegui não deixa, porém, de distanciar-se de críticas racionalistas e anticlericais, afirmando uma "nova concepção" de religião, mais ampla e profunda, que se descola de adjetivações obscurantistas / Abstract: This dissertation is dedicated to the study of Peruvian Marxist José Carlos Mariátegui (1894-1930) works and especially to the analysis of the political relevance of concepts such as myth and religion in his work. The chapters refer to the three phases of Mariátegui's life ¿ his youth (1914-1919); exile (1919-1923); return and posterior socialist activism in Peru (1923-1930) ¿ we aim at a better understanding of Amauta¿s concerns regarding the aforementioned concepts by evaluating his intellectual and political formation. The research shows that, in contrast with others classical Marxist authors, Mariátegui assumes a more sensitive vision of the social and historical roles performed by different religious expressions ¿ for which his personal and family education, marked by religiosity and mystique, are a great contribution. In his socialist development, Amauta incorporates to his speech expressions such as myth, faith and religiosity, which constitute the horizon of his revolutionary thought. On the other hand, by demonstrating a careful concern in his analysis about political and historical manifestations of religious actors and institutions ¿ in Italy as well as in Peru and Latin America ¿ Mariátegui distances himself from rationalists and anticlerical critics, affirming a "new conception" of religion, wider and deeper, and detached of obscurantist adjectives / Mestrado / Ciencia Politica / Mestre em Ciência Política

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-01-25T13:28:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 marcelolopes.pdf: 1610733 bytes, checksum: 5534313bdc624040940d8a18ca0a8231 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-01-25T19:33:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 marcelolopes.pdf: 1610733 bytes, checksum: 5534313bdc624040940d8a18ca0a8231 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-25T19:33:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 marcelolopes.pdf: 1610733 bytes, checksum: 5534313bdc624040940d8a18ca0a8231 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-26 / A cura divina é um dos três importantes componentes da tríplice crença e prática pentecostal, juntamente com a glossolalia e o exorcismo. No Brasil, pelo que se sabe, a primeira onda ou pentecostalismo clássico não deu muita ênfase à cura divina, pelo que foi a partir da segunda onda ou deuteropentecostalismo, com a inserção da Igreja do Evangelho Quadrangular no campo religioso brasileiro na década de 1950, que esse carisma ganhou notoriedade pública e centralidade cúltica. Com o surgimento do neopentecostalismo ou pentecostalismo autônomo na década de 1970, a cura divina, já inserida na teologia da prosperidade, alcançou outro patamar, sobretudo com a fundação da Igreja Mundial do Poder de Deus, cuja especialidade é a taumaturgia. Assim, a presente dissertação objetiva investigar o fenômeno da cura divina circunscrito à Igreja do Evangelho Quadrangular e à Igreja Mundial do Poder de Deus. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida a partir da revisão bibliográfica, da observação participante e de entrevistas semiestruturadas com fiéis de ambas as igrejas. Tomando como base os dados obtidos com tais procedimentos metodológicos, procuramos analisar e discutir a dimensão mítica e ritual da cura divina nestes nichos religiosos. Finalmente, partindo de uma perspectiva comparativa, a presente dissertação analisa alguns aspectos, especialmente os aspectos mítico e ritual, que envolvem a cura divina numa perspectiva diacrônica que culmina no tempo presente, lançando luz sobre este fenômeno religioso que constitui o objeto de pesquisa deste trabalho. / Divine healing is one of the three major components of the triple Pentecostal belief and practice, along with glossolalia and exorcism. In Brazil, for what we know, the first wave or classical Pentecostalism did not give much emphasis on divine healing, so it was from the second wave or deuteropentecostalism, with the insertion of the Church of the Foursquare Gospel in the Brazilian religious field in the 1950s, this charisma gained public notoriety and cultic centrality. With the emergence of neopentecostalism or as autonomous pentecostalism in the 1970s, divine healing, already inserted into the theology of prosperity, achieved another level, especially with the founding of the World Church of the Power of God, whose specialty is the thaumaturgy. Thus, this study intends to investigate the phenomenon of divine healing circumscribed to the Church of the Foursquare Gospel and the World Church of the Power of God. The research is developed from the literature review, participant observation and semi-structured interviews with the faithful of both churches. Taking the data obtained with such methodological procedures as a basis, we try to analyze and discuss the mythic and ritual dimension of divine healing in these religious niches. Finally, from a comparative perspective, this dissertation examines some aspects, especially the mythic and ritual aspects, that involve divine healing in a diachronic perspective that culminates in the present time, shedding light on this religious phenomenon that is the research object of this work.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:12:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 andrea_caselli_gomes.pdf: 1456600 bytes, checksum: 222a8c4c4569373f31df490144d5dfcb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This paper proposes a focus on the recent change in the forms of candomblé houses religion in the metropolitan region of Recife: the cult of Iami, female entities present in the Yoruba mitology. Since the beginning of the XXI century; worship, originally secret and exclusively female ancestors to entities designated as Iami, has been controversial and divisive issue among fans of african-brazilian religions, especially among those seeking reafricanization in their religious experiences. In Pernambuco there are temples and cult followers who carry this deliberately, often without knowing their deep traditional roots; observed contemporary rescue of an activity that has long lost its original meaning, since the new practices entail recent elaborations of myth and ritual on the feminine aspect. Such activity has been adopted and exploited by male fans; they are responsible for the recent popularity of the cult, especially among young fans. The methodological tools used were the historical literature on the topic, the literature legends and myths collected by ethnographers and references by authors from the fields of anthropology, history, and psychology; to ensure that the research has transdisciplinary nature and promotes interfaith dialogue. The material was systematized in a theoretical framework grounded in conceptions of the anthropologist Gilbert Durand about imaginary anthropologist Nestor Garcia Canclini's about cultural hybridity and anthropologist Pierre Verger of Yoruba ancestry. Through qualitative research, were verified sources and influences that resulted in this phenomenon, and also the social factors that led to its emergence and its rapid expansion, including the rescue of female ax and the formation of new identities in African- Brazilian religion a postmodern context of rapid transformation. / O presente trabalho propõe enfoque sobre uma recente mudança nas formas de religiosidade das casas de candomblé da região metropolitana do Recife: o culto às Iami, entidades femininas presentes na mitologia iorubá. Desde o início do século XXI, o culto originalmente secreto e exclusivamente feminino às entidades ancestrais designadas como Iami tem sido assunto polêmico e controverso entre os adeptos das religiões afro-brasileiras, principalmente entre os que buscam a reafricanização em suas vivências religiosas. No estado de Pernambuco há templos e adeptos que exercem esse culto deliberadamente, muitas vezes sem conhecer profundamente suas raízes tradicionais; observa-se um resgate contemporâneo de uma atividade que há muito tempo perdeu seu significado original, visto que as novas práticas acarretam recentes elaborações de mito e de rito sobre o aspecto feminino. A referida atividade vem sendo adotada e explorada por homens, sendo eles os responsáveis pela recente popularização do culto, principalmente entre os novos adeptos. Os instrumentos metodológicos utilizados foram a bibliografia histórica sobre o tema, a literatura de lendas e mitos coletados por etnógrafos e referências por autores das áreas da antropologia, da história, e da psicologia; a garantir que a pesquisa tenha caráter transdisciplinar e que favoreça o diálogo inter-religioso. O material foi sistematizado em um referencial teórico fundamentado nas concepções do antropólogo Gilbert Durand sobre imaginário, do antropólogo Nestor Garcia Canclini sobre hibridismo cultural e do etnólogo Pierre Verger sobre ancestralidade iorubá. Foram verificadas, através de pesquisas qualitativas, as origens e influências que resultaram neste fenômeno, e igualmente os fatores sociais que possibilitaram seu surgimento e sua rápida expansão, entre as quais se incluem o resgate do axé feminino e a formação de novas identidades na religiosidade afro-brasileira em um contexto pós-moderno de rápida transformação.

Submitted by Biblioteca Central (biblioteca@unicap.br) on 2017-10-23T18:14:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_talita_raquel_araujo_creder.pdf: 1048959 bytes, checksum: 5e78e0e7d5a653dee70a6b006e5c5540 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-23T18:14:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_talita_raquel_araujo_creder.pdf: 1048959 bytes, checksum: 5e78e0e7d5a653dee70a6b006e5c5540 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-24 / This research arose from clinical work with children, in which fairy tales were brought, often in the narrative of their fantasies. It has as main objective, to investigate the fairy tales as a place of address that captures the subject by making him talk about his fantasy, in the repetition of his psychological conflict, creating his individual myth. Specifically, relating the myths to the fairy tales, and those with the subject´s psychic conflict and investigating it, in the light of Freudian Aufhebung, as a child, through repetition, in the transferencial relation, builds its personal myth. This work focuses on the construction of the individual myths, from the collective myths, especially those present in fairy tales. This process of bringing an individual to collective and vice versa is supported by the movement of the Freudian Aufhebung proposed by Frej (2003) creating spaces and frontiers, often reducing them, so they dissolve and disappear, toning down them, so that they dissolve and disappear, enabling to interpose those myths. The stories are like a place that captures the child when telling his fantasies, emerging the unconscious subject, through the mistakes provided by oral narrative, as those tales are constituted of primitive elements that date back to psychic conflict. Child and adult, in a psychoanalytic perspective, does not differ when it comes to child issue, in a way that the subject who is in the analytical process, brings the child as a founder of his demand system. In the clinic with children, the transferencial relation is crossed by the demand of parents, and becomes quite peculiar as regards the child, although in conceptual terms, this transfer does not differentiate. The transfer that is established between the child and the psychotherapist makes the process of repetition of psychic conflict and the construction of the individual myth. This dissertation is constituted as a theoretical research in psychoanalysis with small illustrations of clinical fragments and belongs to the project Limites, frontiers and addressing between mother and child, from Professor. Dr Nanette Frej of the Universidade Catolica de Pernambuco. In this kind of research, the researcher is overlapped so close that he also includes himself in the transferencial relation with the investigated subject, as it is understood in their uniqueness. / Esta pesquisa surgiu do trabalho clínico com crianças, no qual, os contos de fadas foram trazidos, freqüentemente, na narrativa de suas fantasias. Tem como principal objetivo, investigar esses contos como um lugar de endereçamento que captura o sujeito ao fazer falar sua fantasia, na repetição do seu conflito psíquico, construindo assim, o seu mito individual. Especificamente, relacionar os mitos com os contos de fadas, e esses, com o conflito psíquico do sujeito e investigar, à luz da Aufhebung freudiana, como a criança, através da repetição, na relação transferencial, constrói o seu mito individual. Este trabalho focaliza a construção do mito individual, a partir dos mitos coletivos, especialmente, aqueles que se fazem presentes nos contos de fadas. Esse processo de interposição do coletivo ao individual e viceversa é sustentado pelo movimento da Aufhebung freudiana proposta por Frej (2003) que vai criando espaços e fronteiras, muitas vezes, atenuando-as, de modo que elas se dissolvem e desaparecem, possibilitando a interposição desses mitos. Os contos se constituem como um lugar de endereçamento que captura a criança ao narrarem suas fantasias, fazendo-se emergir o sujeito do inconsciente, por meio dos equívocos que a narrativa oral propicia, já que esses contos são constituídos de elementos primitivos que remontam o conflito psíquico. A criança e o adulto, na perspectiva psicanalítica, não se diferenciam no que diz respeito a questão do infantil, na medida em que, o sujeito que se encontra em processo analítico, traz o infantil como elemento fundador de sua demanda analítica. Na clínica com crianças a relação transferencial é atravessada pela demanda dos pais, e se torna bastante peculiar no que diz respeito à criança, embora, em termos conceituais, essa transferência, não se diferencie. A Transferência que se estabelece entre a criança e a psicoterapeuta propicia o processo de repetição do conflito psíquico e a construção do mito individual. Esta dissertação se constitui como uma pesquisa teórica em psicanálise com pequenas ilustrações de fragmentos clínicos e pertence ao projeto Limites, fronteiras e endereçamento entre mãe e criança, da Prof. Dra Nanette Frej da Universidade Católica de Pernambuco. Neste tipo de pesquisa, o pesquisador está imbricado de forma mais próxima e se inclui também na relação transferencial com o sujeito investigado, uma vez que este é compreendido em sua singularidade.

Le présent mémoire a pour but de contextualiser et d’analyser Visions du Canada, une série de douze paysages représentant chaque province et territoire du pays. Commandés par la Société canadienne des postes en 1982 au peintre québécois Jean Paul Lemieux, ils sont émis en 1984 dans le cadre de Jour du Canada, une série annuelle visant à souligner la fierté et l’appartenance nationale lors de la fête du Canada. Les paysages variés et colorés d’apparence sereine, réalisés dans un style semi-classique, exhibent l’image d’un Canada uni, égalitaire et diversifié. Le contexte historique et politique dans lequel ils sont produits lève toutefois le voile sur une réalité plus complexe, puisque l’échec du référendum sur la souveraineté en 1980 et le mécontentement des Québécois face aux conditions du rapatriement de la Constitution en 1982 accentuent les clivages culturels entre le Québec et le reste du Canada. La nature présentée dans Visions du Canada est alors envisagée par le gouvernement fédéral comme la source de l’unité nationale. En commandant au peintre québécois des œuvres conçues pour être diffusées à l’échelle nationale, le gouvernement, par l’entremise de la Société canadienne des postes, brouille en fait les dichotomies entre l’identité québécoise et canadienne. Les fonctions intrinsèques du timbre permettent par la suite de rendre ce message accessible à tous les Canadiens. Ainsi, l’analyse des œuvres de Visions du Canada révèle une perception plus nuancée et plus complexe du paysage canadien. Les interrogations qui ponctuent la carrière de Lemieux, comme la relation entre l’Humain et l’univers et l’angoisse face à la modernisation, viennent également remettre en question les mythes de la coexistence avec la nature et de la nordicité qui affirment l’unité du pays. / The purpose of this thesis is to contextualize and analyse Visions du Canada, a series of twelve landscapes representing the country’s provinces and territories. Commissioned to Quebec painter Jean Paul Lemieux by the Canada Post Corporation in 1982, they are issued in 1984 as part of Canada Day, an annual series designed to highlight national pride and belonging on Canada Day. Created in a semi classic style, these varied, colourful, and serene-like landscapes display a united, equal and diverse image of Canada. However, the historical and political context in which they are produced reveals a more complex reality. Indeed, the failure of the 1980 referendum on sovereignty and the Quebecers’ dissatisfaction with the terms of the Constitution’s patriation in 1982 fuel the cultural divide between Quebec and the rest of Canada. In Visions du Canada nature creates the basis for national unity as envisioned by the federal government. By commissioning works designed for national dissemination to the Quebec painter, the government, through the Canada Post Corporation, thus blurs the dichotomy between Quebecer and Canadian identity. The stamp’s intrinsic functions then render this message accessible to all Canadians. Therefore, an analysis of Visions du Canada reveals a more nuanced and complex perception of the Canadian landscape. The questions that punctuate Lemieux’s career, such as the relationship between the human being and the universe and the anguish in front of modernization, also challenge the myths of coexistence with nature and northerness that sustain the country’s claim to unity.

Dans notre société où la mort est taboue, où le deuil doit être vécu en cachette et le sujet évité dans les sphères publiques, deux sphères ont cependant le loisir de l’aborder de manière attendue : la religion et l’art. L’art qui a retenu mon attention est le jeu vidéo pour sa capacité à mettre le joueur au contrôle de sa mort. Chaque œuvre vidéoludique présente un univers différent et chacune traitera différemment le joueur lorsqu’il échoue à une tâche. En m’intéressant à ces punitions et aux morts numériques qui en découlent, je traite de l’imaginaire mythique auquel est confronté le joueur en jouant à des jeux vidéo. Ce mémoire se découpe en quatre chapitres. Le premier chapitre pose les thématiques et les concepts opératoires de la recherche. Une première section porte sur le jeu, puis plus spécifiquement sur le jeu vidéo. Une fois les définitions posées, je me suis intéressé à la possibilité du jeu à influencer le joueur. Dans une deuxième section, j’aborde la mort ainsi que les discours sur celle-ci (eschatologiques) et je commence à l’associer avec le jeu vidéo. Dans le deuxième chapitre, j’aborde la problématique, à savoir que si la plupart des arts présentent une mort définitive, le joueur ne peut mourir dans le jeu vidéo. Cette problématique s’articule autour de la notion de l’évolution et de l’atteinte de l’immortalité. Le troisième chapitre présente mon cadre théorique et ma méthodologie. J’explique la formation de mon corpus de jeux vidéo et j’explique comment il a été analysé. Le jeu vidéo est appréhendé comme un récit mythique capable de nous informer sur les mystères de la mort. Dans ce contexte, j’utilise la mythanalyse développée par Gilbert Durand pour déterminer dans chacun des jeux le rapport entre le joueur et la mort. Le dernier chapitre présente mes résultats en regroupant les jeux par types. Je présente le rapport entre le joueur et la mort dans chacun des types ainsi que dans les jeux présentant un rapport unique à la mort. / In our society where death is a taboo, where mourning must be lived in secret and the topic avoided in public spheres, two spheres have the leisure to approach it without difficulty: religion and art. The art that caught my attention is the video game for its ability to put the player in control of his death. Each video game presents a different universe, and each will treat the player differently when he fails a task. By taking an interest in these punishments and the digital deaths that ensue, I examine the mythical imaginary that the gamer faces while playing video games. This thesis is divided into four chapters. The first chapter sets out the themes and concepts of my research. The first section deals with games, then more specifically with video games. I then address the ways by which the game can influence the player. In a second section, I discuss death and the discourses on it (eschatological) and I begin to associate it with video games. In the second chapter, I develop my problematic, namely that if most of the arts present a final death, the player cannot truly die in video games. This issue is woven around the notion of evolution and the attainment of immortality. The third chapter presents my theoretical framework and my methodology. I explain the formation of my video game corpus and explain how it was analyzed. The video game is understood as a mythical story capable of informing us about the mysteries of death. In this context, I use the mythanalysis developed by Gilbert Durand to determine in each game the relationship between the player and death. The last chapter presents my results by grouping the games by type. I present the relationship between player and death in each of the types, as well as in the games with a unique relationship to death.