Problem: Mental health issues are rising, driven by stress leading to significant sick leave and reduced work capacity. Prolonged sick leave has detrimental effects on individuals and society, emphasizing the need to support return to work (RTW) efforts. Flexible work options like remote work could aid this transition by providing greater autonomy and adaptability. However, further research investigating how remote work flexibility supports RTW after mental health-related absences is crucial. Aim/purpose: To investigate and describe how employees experience remote work when returning to work after sick leave due to stress-related mental health issues. Method: A qualitative method with an inductive approach was applied. Empirical data was collected through semi-structured interviews and the data was analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: The study found that remote work during RTW was mostly positive. Participants appreciated the ability to adapt work and hours to their needs. However, they noted negative aspects like altered demands and lack of social interaction and support. The extent of remote work was particularly significant later in the RTW process. Conclusion: The study's results showed that remote work can have a double-edged effect, although the positive experiences outweighed the negative. The results indicate that remote work can be a work adaptation that could promote RTW

Un accroissement de l’intérêt porté au télétravail est apparu depuis la pandémie. Les études sont de plus en plus nombreuses à s’intéresser à son évolution et aux formes qu’il peut prendre. Dans la foulée de ces études, il nous a semblé pertinent d’étudier l’influence du soutien organisationnel et de l’adéquation des conditions physiques de télétravail sur l’adaptation au télétravail, ainsi que la façon dont les stresseurs interagissent avec e processus d’adaptation. En se basant sur la théorie de la conservation des ressources (Hobfoll, 1989), l’objectif de ce mémoire est de déterminer s’il existe un lien entre les ressources et l’adaptation et si les stresseurs exercent un effet de médiation. Nous analysons l’effet du soutien organisationnel et des conditions physiques de télétravail comme ressources, ainsi que la charge de travail et la charge familiale comme stresseurs afin d’expliquer le mécanisme d’adaptation au télétravail. Les données utilisées ont été collectées entre le 7 juillet 2020 et le 7 septembre 2020 par la Chaire BMO en diversité et gouvernance de l’Université de Montréal dans le cadre d’un partenariat de recherche intitulé « Crise COVID-19 et télétravail : un remède universel ou une solution ponctuelle? » L’échantillon final de 12 367 répondants est composé en majorité de femmes. Les participants travaillent tous dans une même grande organisation, ils sont âgés de 18 à 77 ans et ils vivent dans dix-sept régions administratives du Québec. La majorité d’entre eux ont un diplôme universitaire et ont un statut de salarié. Des analyses descriptives, des analyses bivariées et des analyses multivariées par des régressions hiérarchiques ont été utilisées pour tester les hypothèses. Les résultats ont montré que certaines ressources telles que le soutien organisationnel et les conditions physiques peuvent prédire une meilleure adaptation au télétravail. Nos analyses ont révélées que le soutien organisationnel et la charge de travail ne sont pas significativement reliés. De plus, certains stresseurs, tels que la charge de travail et la charge familiale, jouent un rôle dans ces relations. Les effets de la charge de travail varient en fonction de son intensité. Une faible charge familiale contribue à une meilleure adaptation au télétravail. / Interest in telecommuting has grown since the pandemic. More and more studies are looking at its evolution and the forms it can take. In the wake of these studies, we felt it relevant to investigate the influence of organizational support and the suitability of physical teleworking conditions on adaptation to teleworking, as well as the way stressors interact with the adjustment process. Based on Conservation of Resource Theory (Hobfoll, 1989), the aim of this dissertation is to determine whether there is a link between resources and adaptation, and whether stressors exert a mediating effect. We analyze the effect of organizational support and physical conditions of telecommuting as resources, and workload and family load as stressors, in order to explain the mechanism of telecommuting adjustment. The data used were collected between July 7, 2020 and September 7, 2020 by the BMO Chair in Diversity and Governance at Université de Montréal as part of a research partnership entitled "Crise COVID-19 et télétravail: un remède universel ou une solution ponctuelle?" The final sample of 12,367 respondents is predominantly female. The participants all work in the same large organization, are aged between 18 to 77 years old and live in seventeen administrative regions of Quebec. The majority have a university degree and are salaried employees. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate hierarchical regression analyses were used to test hypotheses. The results showed that certain resources such as organizational support and physical conditions can predict better adaptation to teleworking. Our analyses revealed that organizational support and workload were not significantly related. In addition, certain stressors, such as workload and family load, play a role in these relationships. The effects of workload vary according to its intensity. A low family load contributes to better adaptation to teleworking.

De Kheops à Internet, des nanotechnologies à la téléportation, les nouvelles technologies rythment la vie des hommes. Fruits de leur intelligence, outils de grands travaux, moteurs de diffusion des savoirs, elles sont cause et effet des progrès de l’humanité. Innervant les relations de travail subordonnées comme tous les compartiments de la société, elles retiennent l’attention du juriste tant elles sont susceptibles de remodeler l’organisation de l’entreprise, de provoquer l’exclusion de la communauté de travail (au moins autant que de rapprocher ceux qui la composent), de provoquer l’entremêlement des vies personnelle et professionnelle. Nul compartiment du droit des relations de travail n’échappe à la pression des nouvelles technologies : au recrutement des salariés elles peuvent donner un nouveau visage ; à la conclusion du contrat de travail elles peuvent offrir instantanéité et dématérialisation ; au temps de son exécution elles imposent normes de sécurité (pour que, de chacun, le corps soit préservé) et normes de vie (pour que, de chacun, l’âme et l’esprit demeurent hors du champ de lecture de l’employeur). Et que dire du jeu de relations collectives remodelées à coup de communications syndicales dématérialisées, de vote électronique, de réunions virtuelles d’instance de représentation du personnel ? Le paysage se transforme. Le corpus normatif, parfois, peine à suivre. Le temps des diseurs de droit n’est pas celui de la science. Mais la science ne peut aller sans que le législateur et le juge, un jour, s’en saisissent. D’intérêts contradictoires où s’entremêlent impératif d’évolution (de l’entreprise) et de protection (du salarié), il leur appartient d’assurer la conciliation. / Over the centuries, from Cheops to the Internet and from nanotechnology to teleportation, new technologies have constantly been at the centre of individuals’ lives. Produced by human intelligence, they appear to be a key to innovation, a tool for the dissemination of knowledge and they enable the progress and evolution of mankind. These new technologies obviously drew lawyers’ attention as they have a direct impact on society as a whole, but also more specifically on the relationship between employers and employees. Moreover, they tend to reshape the organisation of corporations and lead to the entanglement of professional and private life. As a matter of fact, labour law is under pressure: recruitment procedures can be altered by new technologies, the conclusion of employment contracts is nowadays electronic and instantaneous, and security and privacy rules have been established (not to mention electronic trade union communications, e-voting or e-meetings for staff representative bodies). In short, the whole framework is changing. Unfortunately, lawmakers are usually overtaken by events as science and law evolve at a very different pace. However, sooner or later, legal boundaries are set. Currently, courts’ main challenge is to try to make technological progress and protection of employees compatible.

Abstract This thesis is mainly discussed about the new work type in the information network society, that is telework (or telecommuting).. The author has accomplished interviews with different teleworks who work at different places and their managers.. The purpose of this research is to have a overall understanding and comparison of each teleworker¡¦s function and their daily operation, and discuss the related human resources management issues. There is no other thesis discussing about the management of each type of teleworker, the authour recorded the interviewees¡¦ background and their motivation of being teleworkers, also the reaction of their companies support; In the meantime, the authour interviewed with the managers who manage the teleworkers, understood and analyzed each successful and unsuccessful case, attemped to provide the managers for more practical suggestion. . The economy is recovering very slowly, many enterprises have paid a lot of effort to reduce their operation cost in order to survive in the recession situation. Telework is a flexible work type that can reduce both office expenses and labor cost. The author also attempts to provide some useful suggestions to the business owners, managers, human resources managers that have not had any experience of managing the teleworkers.

Made available in DSpace on 2009-11-18T18:56:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Administracao_Publica_FGV-TCE_RJ_SOUZA_Virgilio_de_Oliveira_defini1.pdf: 7277445 bytes, checksum: e0875d04c7ed5af2bd8e1571dcf79caa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / The acts of public administration personnel are of great importance and various laws have been passed in attempt to limit the related expenses. The management of Public administration personnel is based on the principle of efficiency. The TCE/RJ (State of Rio de Janeiro/Audit Court) digital communication system is expected through telework to facilitate its auditing duties in compliance with the terms of the Federal and State constitutions. The TCE/RJ, the superior judicial body of auditing, has done more than just reduce costs and use flextime; it applies telework as an instrument to optimize public service through SICODI digital certification to maximize the resources applied to this constitutional act with greater efficiency for effective auditing. The focus of the first part of this study is to evaluate the tasks of positions that forward the TCE/RJ objectives and the profile characteristics of employees of the inspection area on personnel performance beginning with defined concepts and purposes. Questionnaires for auditors and technicians of the area were approved for this specific purpose to analyze the duties of positions and employee profiles. The second part of this study evaluates the TCE/RJ digital communication system according to theoretical reference and ISO/IEC Standard No. 9126-1, observing three dimensions: the content, usability and functionality. The results obtained, with the use of qualitative methods complemented by quantitative analysis, were positive for the implementation of telework in the inspection of personnel performance in relation to the analysts and technicians involved in this type of auditing as well as in relation to the TCE/RJ digital communication system. / Os atos de pessoal na gestão pública são de grande relevância e várias leis tentam limitar os gastos relacionados. A gestão de pessoal na Administração Pública busca o princípio da eficiência. O sistema de comunicação digital do Tribunal de Contas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (TCE/RJ) é esperado como facilitador no exercício da fiscalização que lhe compete, nos termos da Constituição Federal e Fluminense, mediante o teletrabalho. O TCE/RJ, enquanto órgão superior de fiscalização, mais do que redução de custos e flexibilização de horário pode utilizar o teletrabalho como instrumento de otimização da ação pública, mediante a certificação digital do SICODI, a fim de maximizar os recursos aplicados nessa ação constitucional, com o máximo de eficiência, de fiscalização eficaz e efetiva. Na primeira parte, esta pesquisa objetivou avaliar as tarefas dos cargos da atividade-fim do TCE/RJ e as características do perfil dos servidores da área de fiscalização dos atos de pessoal, a partir dos conceitos e pressupostos definidos. Com esse fim específico, foi adotado questionário aos auditores e técnicos da área-fim para análise das tarefas dos cargos e perfil dos funcionários. Na segunda parte, esta pesquisa avalia o sistema de comunicação digital do TCE/RJ, segundo o referencial teórico e a Norma ISO/IEC nº 9126-1, observando três dimensões: o conteúdo, a usabilidade e a funcionalidade. Com o emprego de métodos qualitativos complementados por análise quantitativa, os resultados obtidos apontam de forma positiva para a implementação do teletrabalho na fiscalização dos atos de pessoal, quer com relação aos analistas e técnicos envolvidos com esse tipo de auditoria, quer com relação ao sistema de comunicação digital do TCE/RJ.

Denna kvantitativa surveyundersökning ämnar studera chefers och medarbetares vilja att arbetadigitalt på distans. Är någon av grupperna särskilt drivande till digitalt distansarbete och vadinnebär det för framtiden efter att covid-19-pandemin är över? Vilja operationaliseras genomWicks (2002) samt Shareena och Shahid (2020) och består av prognostiserad prestation,självrapporterade personlighetsdrag samt hemmets förenlighet med distansarbete. Utifråndessa studier skapades ett teoretiskt ramverk vilket mynnade ut i tolv hypoteser. Via enwebbenkät samlades 323 st. respondentsvar in, varav 295 st. användes i dataanalysen sombestod av oberoende t-test (hypotesprövning), envägs-ANOVA (variansanalys) samt multipellinjär regressionsanalys. De övergripande resultaten från studien kan sammanfattas på följandesätt: En person med hög vilja att arbeta digitalt på distans är generellt en medarbetare, äldre än35 år, med hemmavarande barn som arbetar i en digital bransch. En person med låg vilja attarbeta digitalt på distans är generellt en chef, yngre än 35 år, utan hemmavarande barn somarbetar i en icke-digitaliserad bransch. Studien fann även att hög frihet och variation är enviktig faktor för att en anställd ska vilja arbeta digitalt på distans. Resultatet från studienindikerar en kraftig ökning av distansarbete i framtiden för både chefer och medarbetarejämfört med situationen före pandemin. Studien indikerar att covid-19 är en katalysator för ettparadigmskifte gällande distansarbete. / This quantitative survey aims to study managers and employee’s willingness to telework. Isany of the groups particularly driven by digital teleworking and what does it entail for the futureafter the COVID-19 pandemic is over? Willingness is operationalized through Wicks (2002)and Shareena and Shahid (2020) and consists of predicted performance, self-reportedpersonality traits and the home's compatibility with telework. Based on these studies, atheoretical framework was created, which resulted in twelve hypotheses. Through a websurvey, 323 respondents were collected, of which 295 were used in the data analysis whichconsisted of independent t-test (hypothesis testing), one-way ANOVA (analysis of variance)and multiple linear regression analysis. The overall results from the study can be summarizedas follows: A person with a high willingness to telework is generally an employee, older than35 years, with children at home who work in a digital industry. A person with a low willingnessto telework is generally a manager, younger than 35 years, without children at home who workin a non-digitized industry. The study also found that high freedom and variety is an importantfactor for an employee to want to work remotely. The results from the study indicate a sharpincrease in telework in the future for both managers and employees compared to the situationbefore the pandemic. The study thus indicates that COVID-19 is a catalyst for a paradigm shiftregarding telework.

Många organisationer har infört distansarbete för att minska smittspridningen under Covid-19 pandemin. I samband med påtvingat distansarbete har organisationer snabbt fått öka deras kunskap gällande ledarskap, effektiva och hälsosamma virtuella teamsamt digitala hjälpmedel. Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka hur ledare har upplevt att arbetet fungerat med den psykosociala arbetsmiljön under det påtvingade distansarbetet under Covid-19. Sju semistrukturerade intervjuer utfördes med ledare från offentlig förvaltning och privat sektor. Materialet analyserades med en induktiv tematisk analys, de teman som framkom var: relation till medarbetarna, kommunikation och stöd, medarbetarnas hälsa samt framtida arbetssituation. Föreliggande studie visade att ledarnas upplevelse av den psykosociala arbetsmiljön för medarbetarna inte har försämrats under det påtvingade distansarbetet. Dock var resultatet motsägelsefullt då ledarna även upplevt en viss problematik med social kontakt och att det var svårt att fånga upp signaler när det gäller ohälsa bland medarbetarna på distans. Resultatet diskuteras i relation till tidigare forskning inom psykosocial arbetsmiljö under distansarbete. / Many organizations have introduced teleworking to reduce the spread of infection during the Covid-19 pandemic. Due to forced teleworking, organizations rapidly needed to increase their knowledge regarding leadership, effective and healthy virtual teams,and digital aids. The purpose of the present study was to investigate leaders' experience of the work with the psychosocial work environment during the forced distance-work during Covid-19. Seven semi-structured interviews were conducted with leaders from public administration and the private sector. The material was analyzed with an inductive thematic analysis, the themes that emerged were relationship to the employees, communication and support, the employees' health, and future work situation. The present study showed that managers' experience of the psychosocial work environment for employees has not deteriorated during the forced distance work. However, the result is contradictory as the leaders also experienced some problems with social contact and that it was difficult to pick up signals when it comes to ill health among employees at a distance. The results are discussed in relation to previous research regarding psychosocial work environment during teleworking.

Problem: During the COVID -19 pandemic, employers were forced to offer telework in their organizations in order to reduce the spread of infection in society. The implementation of telework has been related to both possibilities and challenges for the organizational and socialwork environment. Among other things, telework may change employers’ conditions to fulfill their work environmental responsibilities. The human resource (HR) function has a delegated responsibility to support employers in maintaining a healthy work environment based on current laws and regulations. The Swedish work environmental legalization lacks practical clarity on how to maintain such healthy work environment during teleworking. There are no studies on the HR functions’ experiences of maintaining an organizational and social work environment during telework forced by the Covid-19 pandemic. Such knowledge may be of importance for future development of work environmental strategies for teleworking in organizations.  Purpose of the study: To examine HR employees' experiences and perceptions of opportunities to maintain a good organizational and social work environment when employees have started working from home because of the covid-19 pandemic. Method: This is a qualitative study and data was collected through semi-structured interviews with five informants employed within HR. Interviews were recorded and transcribed. A phenomenographic qualitative analysis approach has been applied to analyze the interview transcripts. Result and conclusion: The HR have experienced a lack of routines and experience of teleworkers’ organizational and social work environment. HR competence and the use of ICT have facilitated HR's work during the covid-19 pandemic / Problemformulering: Som en följd av covid-19-pandemin har arbetsgivare behövt erbjuda hemarbete för att minska smittspridningen i samhället. Forskning visar både för- och nackdelar med hemarbete ur ett arbetshälsoperspektiv. Arbetsgivarens arbetsmiljöansvar gäller även när arbete utförs på annan plats än inom arbetsplatsens fysiska verksamhet. I rådande arbetsmiljölagstiftning (SFS 2020:476) framgår inte explicit vilka åtgärder som bör vidtas för att förhindra ohälsa i den organisatoriska och sociala arbetsmiljön (OSA). HR-funktionen har en stor betydelse och tilldelat ansvar för att organisationen ska kunna upprätthålla en god organisatorisk och social arbetsmiljö, även när arbetstagare har behövt jobba hemifrån som följd av covid-19-pandemin. I samband med undersökning av tidigare studier identifierades ingen studie som behandlar HR-perspektivet, vilket kan tyda på att det finns en kunskapslucka som bör behandlas allt mer. Syfte: att undersöka HR-medarbetares upplevelser och uppfattningar om möjligheten att upprätthålla en god organisatorisk och social arbetsmiljö när medarbetare har börjat arbetar hemifrån som en följd av covid-19-pandemin. Metod: Detta är en kvalitativ studie och data samlades in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med fem informanter anställda inom HR. Intervjuer spelades in och transkriberades. En fenomenografisk kvalitativ analysmetod har tillämpats för att analysera intervjuutskrifterna.Resultat och slutsats: HR har upplevt en begränsad möjlighet att upprätthålla en god OSA vid hemarbete. Arbetet för att hantera covid-19-pandemin har inneburit ett minskat fokus av OSA-arbetet. De hinder som HR-funktion har upplevt utgörs av en brist av rutiner och erfarenhet av OSA-arbete vid hemarbete i den omfattning som har varit, och avsaknad av en konkretisering i lag eller AFS gällande arbetsmiljöansvar vid hemarbete. HR-personalens kompetens och tillämpning av informations- och kommunikationsteknologin har möjliggjort för HR att kunna jobba med OSA:n vid hemarbete som följd av covid-19-pandemin.

Till följd av coronapandemin tvingades många organisationer göra en hastig och ofrivillig övergång till distansarbete. Detta skifte i arbetssätt för med sig nya krav, inte minst på ledare som tvingas kommunicera och leda via digitala verktyg. Följaktligen ämnade denna studie undersöka ledares upplevelser under denna tidsperiod och hur ledarskapet medierats med hjälp av informations- och kommunikationsteknik (IKT). För att besvara forskningsfrågan genomfördes semistrukturerade intervjuer med tolv ledare. Empirin analyserades sedan huvudsakligen utifrån en affordance-lins, i kombination med ett leader-member exchange-perspektiv vilket belyser den dyadiska relationen mellan ledare och medarbetare. Resultatet visar på att IKT är oumbärligt för ledarskap på distans, men att en stor problematik ligger i att ledare tidigare utvecklat en ledarskapsstil som till stor del förlitar sig på informell kommunikation och uppföljning som sker fysiskt. Även om individuella egenskaper har en avgörande betydelse för hur väl och i vilken omfattning digitala affordances aktualiseras, påvisas att IKT inte lyckas skapa och förmedla sociala affordances i samma utsträckning som den fysiska miljön. Emellertid har en utveckling skett sedan distansarbetets början och användandet av teknik har alltmer integrerats i ledarskapet. För att uppnå e-ledarskap behöver dock nya e-kompetenser utvecklas, där IKT används effektivt, medvetet och ändamålsenligt. / Due to the covid-19 pandemic, organisations were forced to make a rapid and involuntary transition to teleworking. This shift in labour entails new demands, especially on leaders who are forced to rely on digital tools for communication and leadership. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate experiences of leaders during this period of time, and how leadership is mediated through information and communication technology (ICT). To answer the research question, semi structured interviews were conducted with twelve leaders. The results were primarily analyzed through an affordance lens, combined with a leader-member exchange perspective, which emphasizes the dyadic relationship between leader and follower. The results imply that ICT is essential for remote leadership. However, a major issue arises as leaders previously has developed a leadership style that primarily relies on informal communication and following up with employees face-to-face. Although individual characteristics matter in regards to how well and to what extent digital affordances are actualized, digital tools do not manage to create and transmit social affordances to the same extent as the physical environment. Yet, a progress has been made since the start of the pandemic-induced telework, and the use of ICT has increasingly been integrated in the leadership. To fully reach so-called e-leadership, new e-competencies are nevertheless required, where ICT is applied effectively, deliberately and appropriately.

Solicitud de embargo por publicación en revista indexada. / Objetivo: Identificar el uso de práctica digital en fisioterapia durante la pandemia por la COVID-19, realizada por fisioterapeutas colegiados en el Colegio de Tecnólogo Médico del Perú que laboran en la ciudad de Lima-Perú. Método: Estudio observacional, de corte transversal y descriptivo Resultados: Se obtuvieron 194 encuestas válidas de fisioterapeutas colegiados que laboraban en la ciudad de Lima- Perú durante los meses de febrero a junio del año 2021 de los cuales 46.4% han optado por la modalidad de práctica digital y 53.6% por la modalidad no digital o presencial. La mayor parte de los encuestados está representado por 66% de mujeres con una mediana de 37 años de edad, de los cuales 52.1% no se encuentran unidas, 76.3% viven con familia, 63.4% egresaron de una universidad nacional, 58.3% tienen una segunda especialidad con 12 años de práctica de labor en fisioterapia, 35.1% trabajaban en Lima Centro, 57.2% laboraban en el área de clínica general, 63.6% manifestaron no mantener el mismo monto cobrado, 75% no recibieron ninguna facilidad o beneficios para la práctica digital por la institución, por lo que el 54.8% no se encuentran satisfechos ni insatisfechos con su trabajo; sin embargo, 93% señalaron que no cambiarían de empleo. Conclusiones: Se identificó que la mayor parte de los fisioterapeutas encuestados optaron por el abordaje presencial durante la pandemia por la COVID-19 en Lima - Perú. / Objective: To identify the use of digital practice in physiotherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic, carried out by physiotherapists registered in the College of Medical Technologists of Peru working in the city of Lima-Peru. Method: Observational, cross-sectional and descriptive study. Results: 194 valid surveys were obtained from collegiate physical therapists who worked in the city of Lima-Peru during the months of February to June 2021, of which 46.4% have opted for the digital practice modality and 53.6% for the non-digital or face-to-face modality. Most of the respondents are represented by 66% women with a median of 37 years of age, of which 52.1% are not married, 76.3% live with a family, 63.4% graduated from a national university, 58.3% have a second specialty with 12 years of work practice in physiotherapy, 35.1% worked in downtown Lima, 57.2% worked in the general clinical area, 63.6% said they did not maintain the same amount charged, 75% did not receive any facilities or benefits for the practice digital by the institution, for which 54.8% are neither satisfied nor dissatisfied with their work; however, 93% indicated that they would not change jobs. Conclusions: It was identified that most of the surveyed physical therapists opted face-to-face approach during the pandemic by COVID-19 in Lima - Peru. / Tesis