This thesis proposes a new method for the generation of continuous spectra with possible applications in optical WDM access networks. This new method would allow the development of a continuum laser type structure with better performances in terms of cost and simplicity compared to the current supercontinuum sources. For this purpose, we have analyzed the possibility of extending the resonant modes of a Fabry-Perot cavity acting only on the design of one of the cavity mirrors. The design of the mirror is generated with a genetic algorithm targeting a desired reflectivity spectrum. An active medium is then added inside the cavity formed with the synthesized mirror and the cavity's emission is simulated below the lasing threshold. The spectra thus obtained are continuous on an interval of 5 to 15 nm.

Veidrodis mene neretai pasitelkiamas dėl simboliškai suvokiamo reflektavimo reiškinio. Šiuolaikiniame mene kombinuojant ne tik materialias medžiagas, bet ir mentalinio pobūdžio elementus, veidrodis tampa priemone įprasminti simbolinį atspindžio motyvą. Veidrodis svarbus ne tik kaip medžiaga, bet visų pirma kaip „atspindėjimo“ idėjos ir semantinių prasmių realizacija. Jis naudojamas dėl atspindžio motyvo, dėl galimybės transformuoti ar deformuoti erdvės įspūdį, keisti jos suvokimą, kurti originalų estetinį vaizdą. Tokio pobūdžio kūriniai nėra apibrėžti į vieną kryptį ar judėjimą, terminas veidrodžių menas egzistuoja dailės praktikoje kaip darbinis, nėra apibrėžiamas dailės terminų žodynuose ir nėra sunormintas. Šiame tyrime siekiama išanalizuoti, kaip veidrodžio pagalba meno kūrinyje konstruojamas savivokos ir savistabos elementas, kaip veidrodis dalyvauja autokoncepcijos kūrime, kaip menininkas „įtraukia“ žiūrovą į kūrinį arba, transformuodamas erdvę ir dezorientuodamas pasąmonę, žaidžia stebėtojo percepcija. Darbe akcentuojama semantinė veidrodinio atspindžio funkcija dailės kūriniuose. Tyrime pateikiamos teorinės idėjos – daugiausia iš Lietuvos autorių verstų, interpretuotų tekstų, kuriuose kalbama apie savęs suvokimą, antrininko vaizdinį, psichoanalizę. Šios teorijos atrinktos pagal darbo probleminius aspektus, apibendrintos ir pritaikytos veidrodžių meno teoriniam kontekstui. Magistriniame tyrime nagrinėjamas ir savivokos aspektas, per kurį saviidentifikacijos reiškinys... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / In this research is emphasized the semantic function of reflection in art. Analyzed which significances gain reflections, optically transforming the space and how they reveal the perception of human introspection and relation with surrounding. Mirror in art often is invoked exactly due to symbolically perceptible phenomenon of reflection. In contemporary art mirror becomes the medium to give a sense to symbolical motive of reflection. The aim is to analyze how is constructed the element of introspection and self-concept, how mirror participating in founding of self-perception, how artist involves the viewer into the artwork, and how manipulates the perception of spectator by optically transforming a space and disorientating the subconsciousness by using mirror in art. In this research are presented theoretical ideas mainly from Lithuanian authors translations. Theories are sorted out by problematical aspects of research, summarized and adapted to theoretical context of mirror art. There is mentioned the idea that physical qualities of mirror could be associated with semantic meanings, so often aspect of reflexion is compared with motif of reflection as a representation of different phenomenons. The object of this research is the phenomenon of mirror art. The aim is to investigate this phenomenon in various ways and expose the role of reflection in art. This work is the first in Lithuanian art history, where is described and structured phenomenon of mirror art, justified... [to full text]

To perform lane-change maneuvers safely, sufficient distance to the subsequent traffic is required. In the present study distance estimations to the subsequent vehicle (Experiment 1) and lane-change decisions (Experiment 2) were gathered in dependency of left wing-mirror settings: Different vertical settings resulted in low and high vehicle positions with less or more pavement visible in the mirror. Additionally, the visibility or non-visibility of the observer's rear door was varied. Findings indicated that a low vertical position of the following vehicle in the mirror and a visible rear door lead to shorter distance estimations and more cautious lane-change decisions than a high vertical position and a non-visible rear door. Consequently, wing-mirror settings are important for traffic safety.

No description available.

[pt] Para formar uma percepção unificada do estado do organismo e de suas relações com o meio, o sistema nervoso combina informações de diversas modalidades sensoriais por meio de processos de integração multissensorial. Em algumas ocasiões, dados de diferentes canais sensoriais podem fornecer informações conflitantes sobre um determinado aspecto da realidade, como nos experimentos de desenho guiado por espelho e na ilusão da caixa-espelho, nos quais as estimativas posicionais informadas pela visão e pela propriocepção entram em conflito. Além da contribuição direta dos dados sensoriais para a formação do conflito visual-proprioceptivo, também participa do processo o embodiment, que se refere à sensação subjetiva de possuir e dispor do próprio corpo e de suas partes. Este estudo integrou os paradigmas experimentais da caixa-espelho e do desenho guiado por espelho para examinar se o aprendizado da tarefa de desenho poderia reduzir o conflito visual-proprioceptivo e se essa diminuição se refletiria na tarefa com a caixa-espelho e no embodiment. Os resultados confirmaram o viés posicional produzido pela ilusão da caixa-espelho e indicaram que o aprendizado da tarefa do desenho guiado por espelho pode reduzir o conflito visual-proprioceptivo. Além disso, diferenças significativas entre mulheres e homens foram observadas nos dois experimentos, especialmente na tarefa de desenho, sugerindo diferenças entre os sexos na resolução de conflitos visuais-proprioceptivos pelos processos de integração multissensorial. Por fim, potenciais implicações teóricas e clínicas dos resultados são discutidos brevemente, como por exemplo, a possível participação dos processos perceptuais aqui estudados na etiologia de transtornos alimentares como a bulimia e a anorexia nervosa. / [en] To form a unified and coherent perception of the organism s state and its relationship with the surrounding environment, the nervous system combines information from various sensory modalities through multisensory integration processes. Occasionally, data from two or more sensory channels may provide conflicting information about a particular feature of reality. This is evident in experiments using the mirror-guided drawing task and the mirror-box illusion, where positional estimates informed by vision and proprioception conflict. In addition to the direct contribution of sensory data to the formation of visual-proprioceptive conflict, embodiment plays a crucial role. Embodiment refers to the subjective sensation of possessing and controlling one s own body and its parts. This study integrated the experimental paradigms of the mirror-box and mirror drawing tasks to examine whether learning the mirror drawing task could reduce visual-proprioceptive conflict. The aim was to determine if a reduction induced by the mirror drawing task would be reflected in the mirror-box task. The results confirmed the visual bias produced by the mirror-box illusion and provided evidence that visual-proprioceptive conflict can be reduced by learning the mirror drawing task. Additionally, significant differences were observed between women and men in both experiments, particularly in the drawing task, suggesting sex differences in the experience and resolution of visual-proprioceptive conflicts through multisensory integration processes. Finally, potential theoretical and clinical implications of the results are briefly discussed, including the possibleinvolvement of the perceptual processes studied here in the etiology of eating disorders, such as bulimia and anorexia nervosa.

Die Lungen werden von einem oberflächenaktiven Gemisch, dem Surfactant ausgekleidet, das für die Regulation der Oberflächenspannung der Alveolen und die Immunabwehr der Lunge von Bedeutung ist. Bestandteile des Surfactants sind zu 90% Lipide und zu 10% vier durchalphabetisierte Surfactantproteine A bis D, von denen SP-A das mengenmäßig häufigste darstellt. Die Funktionen dieses Proteins liegen vermutlich in der Surfactanthomöostase und dabei im Phospholipid-Turnover der Hauptkomponente des Surfactants Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholin (DPPC) und als Collektin in der Immunabwehr. In vitro ist die SP-A induzierte, calciumabhängige Liposomenaggregation eine charakteristische Eigenschaft des Proteins. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde die Wechselwirkung von SP-A mit Phospholipidliposomen mit der Resonant Mirror Spektroskopie und der Nah-Infrarot-Lichtstreuung untersucht. Durch den vergleichenden Einsatz der kinetischen Methoden ist es möglich, die Bindung von SP-A an Liposomen von der Aggregationsreaktion zu unterscheiden. Es konnte erstmals gezeigt werden, daß beide Reaktionen von mikromolaren Calciumkonzentrationen abhängig sind, die halbmaximale Reaktion erfolgt bei freien Calciumkonzentrationen < 20 µM. Die Ca2+-induzierte Interaktion zwischen SP-A und Liposomen zeigt eine hohe Kooperativität und ist durch Zugabe von Calciumchelatoren reversibel. Die Dissoziation der Liposomenbindung erfolgt schneller als der Zerfall der Aggregate (0,3 s vs. 30 s). Es sind zwei Konformationen des SP-A zu unterscheiden, eine lipidbindende Form in Gegenwart von Calcium und eine nichtbindende Form. Neben Calcium können auch mikromolare Strontium- und Bariumkonzentrationen die Konformationsänderung induzieren, Magnesium hingegen nicht. Die Liposomenbindung und nachfolgende Aggregation erfolgt bei SP-A von Rind, Ratte und Schaf in gleicher Weise in Abhängigkeit von mikromolaren Calciumkonzentrationen. Die Bindungseigenschaften des SP-A zeigen eine Abhängigkeit von der Art des verwendeten Phospholipids. Dabei zeigt sich eine "Affinität", im Sinne einer verstärkten Wechselwirkung mit DPPC, aber die postulierte Spezifität wurde in der kinetischen Analyse nicht bestätigt. SP-A interagiert bevorzugt mit Phospholipiden, die langkettige, gesättigte Fettsäureseitenketten besitzen (DPPC, Distearoylphosphatidylcholin), sowie mit Phosphatidylcholin und ähnlichen Kopfgruppen (Sphingomyelin, Phosphatidylinositol). Da neben den Kopfgruppen auch die Seitenketten bei der Erkennung durch das Protein bedeutsam sind, liegt nahe, daß die Packungsdichte der Lipidmoleküle in den Liposomen für die Interaktion wichtig ist. Die Ergebnisse werden als reversible, sequentielle Reaktionsfolge interpretiert: Diese ist ein Modell für die mögliche Wirkung von SP-A bei der Surfactanthomöostase, indem das Protein als Lipidtransporter zwischen alveolärer Hypophase und Typ-II-Pneumozyten funktioniert und erklärt, wie SP-A und Liposomen gemeinsam in die Zelle aufgenommen und auf unterschiedlichen Wegen wieder ausgeschleust werden könnten. / Surfactant protein A (SP-A) is crucial for lung function, including tubular myelin formation and lipid uptake by type II pneumocytes. Known properties of SP-A in vitro are ist Ca2+ dependent interaction with phospholipids and ist role in the aggregation of liposomes. To dissect and to analyze these processes, the SP-A was immobilized and liposome binding was measured by resonant mirror technique. Liposome aggregation was followed seperately by kinetic light scattering in suspensions. It was found that SP-A mediated binding and aggregation of liposomes depend on micromolar calcium concentrations in the range of < 20 µM, independent of the species (sheep, rat or cow) and of the phospholipid composition tested. The interaction between SP-A and liposomes shows cooperativity and reversibility. Liposomes dissociate from SP-A in < 0.3 s whereas disaggregation takes approx. 30 s. The interpretation of the results leads to a rapid and reversible reaction of three reactions: a cooperative Ca2+ dependent conformational change in SP-A, binding of Ca2+-bound SP-A to liposomes, and aggregation of the Ca2+/SP-A - bound liposomes. With palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC), the complex formation proceeds two fold slower compared to DPPC, leading to a lower final equilibrium level of SP-A/lipid interaction. Regarding the phospholipid headgroups, phosphatidylinositol (PI) and sphingomyelin (SM) interact comparable to PC, whole less interaction is seen with phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) or phosphatidylserine (PS) or with phosphatidylglycerol (PG). Thus, both headgroup and fatty acid composition determine SP-A/phospholipid interaction. However, the protein has no high specificity, neither for the polar nor for the apolar moiety of phospholipids.

The purpose of this study was to describe how mirrors affect contemporary dance pedagogy students’experiences of themselves. Empirical material was collected through semi-structured interviews with four dance pedagogy students at the School of Dance and Circus, and analyzed with the help of post-humanistic perspective and Lacanian mirror stage theory. The results suggest that mirrors are active agents that participate in several things, for example they create an evaluating gaze, objectification, alienation from the subject as a unity, experience of two-dimensional bodies and distraction. The results also suggest that the mirrors actively create afront and direction, and therefore they shield dancers from sensing their ‘inner selves’ as well as others in theroom, time and space. The feeling of success and mood affect the way dancers feel about their mirror images and themselves. In summary, this study stresses that the mirror, an object, is active and agentic, instead of thinking that the dancer is the only active part in the dancer-mirror relationship.

Enact in Disappearance excavates the unseen through the medium of photography in order to chart a new strategy for knowing and communing with a complicated world.

Denna studie har som mål att undersöka hur normer och konformitet skapas i ett modernt, teknologiskt samhälle genom att studera satirisk populärkultur. Det är den tredje säsongen av den satiriska, dystopiska tv-serien Black Mirror som studeras. Syftet är att hitta avsnittens gemensamma diskurser kring normer för att därefter göra en koppling till den teknologiska utvecklingen och dagens samhälle. Studiens grundläggande teori och metod är multimodal kritisk diskursanalys (MCDA) som analyserar både skrivna, verbala och visuella tecken. Det teoretiska ramverket består även av socialpsykologisk rollteori, ideologiteori och teknologisk determinism, som används för att hitta och analysera materialets diskursiva teman. Tre teman med fokus på normer upptäcks - rädslan för utanförskap och nonkonformism, politisk ideologi som normskapare samt teknologins påverkan på normer. Trots att seriens avsnitt huvudsakligen utspelar sig i en dystopisk och högteknologisk framtid, är det möjligt att genom tematiseringen observera flera intressanta kopplingar till dagens samhälle. I analysen hittas samband till bland annat förintelsen, Sverigedemokraterna, fenomenet #metoo och Kim Kardashians populära Instagram-konto. / The intention of this study is to explore how norms and conformity is created in a modern, technological society, through studying satirical popular culture. The third season of the satirical, dystopic tv-series Black Mirror, is the subject of analysis. The aim is to find the episodes shared discourses evolving norms, to then draw parallells to technological development and todays society. The underlying theory and method is the multimodal critical discourse anlaysis (MCDA), for an analyzis of written, verbal and visual elements. The teoretical framwork additionally consists of social psycology’s roletheory, ideology theory and techological determinism, which will be used to find and analyze the materials discoursive themes. Three themes with focus on norms are discovered - fear of exclusion and nonconformity, political ideology as a creator of norms and technology’s influence on norms. Although the episodes mainly take place in a dystopic, highly technological future, it is possible through thematisation to observe connections to todays society. Although the series mainly takes palce in a dystopic and highly technological future, it is possible through thematization to observe several interesting parallells to todays society. In the analysis connections are found including The Holocaust, Sverigedemokraterna, the #metoo-fenomenon and Kim Kardashians popular Instagram-account.

Cette thèse propose une nouvelle méthode pour générer des spectres continus avec des applications possibles dans les réseaux d'accès optiques WDM. Cette nouvelle méthode devrait permettre le développement d'une structure laser type continuum avec de meilleures performances en termes de coût et de simplicité comparées aux sources supercontinuum actuelles. Dans ce but, nous avons analysé la possibilité d'élargir les modes résonants d'une cavité Fabry-Perot en n’agissant que sur la conception de l'un des miroirs de la cavité. La conception du miroir est réalisée avec un algorithme génétique en ciblant un spectre de réflectivité souhaitée. Un milieu actif est alors ajouté à l'intérieur de la cavité formée avec un tel miroir synthétisé et son comportement en dessous du seuil est simulé. Les spectres des cavités ainsi obtenues sont continus sur une bande de 5 à 15nm. / This thesis proposes a new method for the generation of continuous spectra with possible applications in optical WDM access networks. This new method would allow the development of a continuum laser type structure with better performances in terms of cost and simplicity compared to the current supercontinuum sources. For this purpose, we have analyzed the possibility of extending the resonant modes of a Fabry-Perot cavity acting only on the design of one of the cavity mirrors. The design of the mirror is generated with a genetic algorithm targeting a desired reflectivity spectrum. An active medium is then added inside the cavity formed with the synthesized mirror and the cavity’s emission is simulated below the lasing threshold. The spectra thus obtained are continuous on an interval of 5 to 15 nm.