This master thesis examines the economical profitability of integrating a battery storage system with the commercial property Pyramiden 19. The model is developed in Matlab and analyses three different profitability strategies for utilizing the battery storage: peak shaving, time of use arbritage and the grid supporting service FCR-D up. The modeling of these scenarios involves numerous parameters, with uncertainties surrounding factors such as battery price and characteristics, electricity prices, and the actual activation of grid-supporting services. Results indicate that only minor savings can be modeled through the electricity contracts, leading to both peak shaving and time-of-use arbitrage generating additional costs than previously when factoring in battery investment expenses. Although peak shaving and time of use arbritage are innovating strategies to redistribute consumption with, they are not suitable to reduce costs with all types of electricity contracts and cannot cover largely added investment costs. Looking at the third strategy, the flexibility market appears to hold a significant potential for economical profitability. The model shows that the grid supporting service FCR-D up, with a 2000 kW battery, reduces the initial annual electricity costs by 36%. This can mainly be explained by the fact that, in the model, the battery is activated for only 2% of the total hours in a year, and the fact that the service is compensated based on called bids rather than activated bids. Connection to the balance market would therefore not only generate revenues for the property but would also result in relief for the local electricity grid. Due to the uncertain future regarding compensation levels in the flexibility market, an early connection is recommended to ensure timely reimbursement for the battery.

Vi ville med vårt arbete undersöka om det var möjligt att förverkliga en virtuell funktion från det sociala nätverket Facebook, och se om funktionens ursprungliga syfte haft samma resultat i den fysiska verkligheten så som i den virtuella världen. Vi ville alltså ta en befintlig Facebook-funktion och skapa en fysisk gestaltning av denna.Vi valde att förverkliga Facebook’s Gilla-knapp eftersom vi ansåg att denna lilla funktion har en stor betydelse på och för det sociala nätverket, men även också eftersom den används alltmer i verkliga sammanhang som exempelvis i marknadsföringssyfte. Utifrån detta skapade vi två fysiska prototyper, en lo-fi mockupversion och en hi-fi prototyp.Resultaten visade att det var möjligt att skapa en fysisk gestaltning av en virtuell Facebook-funktion och att den ursprungliga innebörden var densamma i den fysiska verkligheten. Däremot uppnådde dem inte samma resultat i den fysiska verkligheten eftersom den inte påverkade människors sociala beteende på samma sätt som på det sociala nätverket. / In our thesis we wanted to examine whether it was possible to realize a virtual function from the social network Facebook, and see if the initial purpose of the function would have the same result in the physical reality like as in the virtual world. Thus, we wanted to take anexisting Facebook feature and create a physical interpretation of it. We chose to create the Like button because we felt that the small function has a significant impact on and to the social network, but also because it’s increasingly being used in real situations such as for marketing purposes. Based on this, we created two physical prototypes, a lo-fi mockup version and a hi-fi prototype.The results showed that it was possible to create a physical form of a virtual Facebook function and the initial purpose was the same even in the physical world. However, the prototypes did not achieve the same results in the physical reality because it didn’t affect people's social behavior in the same way as in the social network.

Titel: Vi vill men orkar inte: Sjuksköterskors beskrivningar av varför de slutar på akutmottagning – en kvalitativ studie Bakgrund: På akutmottagningen utförs avancerad akutsjukvård som ställer höga krav på sjuksköterskans kompetens. Under de senaste åren har dock många sjuksköterskor valt att lämna akutsjukvården för att påbörja arbete på annan arbetsplats inom vården. Detta leder till att kompetensen hos kvarvarande personalgrupp sjunker och arbetsbelastningen på akutmottagningarna ökar relaterat till personalbristen. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att belysa arbetsmiljörelaterade anledningar som leder till att sjuksköterskor på akuten slutar sin anställning. Metod: Studien utfördes genom kvalitativ design där tio sjuksköterskor beskrev sina erfarenheter genom semistrukturerade individuella intervjuer. Deltagarna var alla kvinnor verksamma vid olika akutmottagningar i södra halvan av Sverige. Analys av data genomfördes med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Studiens resultat pekade tydligt på att sjuksköterskorna upplevde arbetet på akutmottagningen som givande samtidigt som det fanns allt för många negativa aspekter i form av exempelvis bristande stöd från ledningen, känslan av maktlöshet och upplevelse av påverkad hälsa på grund av arbetsmiljörelaterade faktorer. Resultatet presenteras i tre kategorier: Stimulerande, Frustrerande och Motiverande, där den sista kategorien behandlar sjuksköterskornas egna förbättringsförslag för att orka stanna kvar på akutmottagningen. Slutsats: Studien påvisar att sjuksköterskorna tyckte om arbetet på akutmottagning men att arbetsmiljörelaterade faktorer som stress, påverkan på den egna hälsan och bristande stöd från arbetsledningen påverkade deras vilja att stanna på arbetsplatsen. Arbetsmiljön på akutmottagningen måste således förbättras och till största delen är det arbetsledningen som behöver utveckla sitt ledarskap för att få sjuksköterskorna att känna sig uppskattade, delaktiga och sist men inte minst respekterade. / Title: We want to, but do not have the strength: Nurses descriptions of why they quit their jobs in the emergency department – a qualitative study Background: In the emergency department advanced emergency care is performed which place high demands on nurses’ skills. In recent years, however, many nurses have chosen to leave the emergency medical care to begin work at another workplace in health care. This leads to the a decrease in the skills of remaining staff and the workload on emergency departments increases related to staff shortages. Aim: The aim of the study was to highlight working environment related reasons that makes nurses in the emergency department want to terminate their employment. Method: The study was conducted with a qualitative design with ten nurses that described their experiences through semi-structured individual interviews. The participants were all women active in different emergency departments in the southern half of Sweden. To analyze the data a qualitative content analysis was carried out. Results: Our results clearly indicated that nurses experienced the work in the emergency department as rewarding, whilst there were too many negative aspects in the form of, for example, lack of management support, the feeling of powerlessness and experience of affected health due to working environment related factors. The results are presented in three categories: Stimulating, Frustrating and Motivating, where the last category covers nurses own suggestions for improvement to help them have the strength to remain at work in the emergency department Conclusion: This study demonstrates that nurses enjoy working in the emergency department but working environmental factors affected their ability to remain in the workplace like stress, impact on their own health and the lack of support from the management affected their willingness to stay in the workplace. The work in the emergency department must be improved, for the most part it is the workplace management that need to develop their leadership to help the nurses achieve the feeling of being valued, involved and last but not least respected.

Social workers ideas about what domestic violence is influence their ability to recognize vio-lence in cases where this occurs. Social workers awareness and understanding of domestic violence can also influence the handling of these cases. Education on the subject domestic violence can increase social workers knowledge about, awareness and handling of violence. The present study aims to investigate how social workers in child protection investigations understand, recognize and interpret domestic violence and which interventions the social workers suggest. This is a qualitative vignette study in which semi-structured interviews was carried out with social workers working with child protection investigations. The result of the interviews has been analyzed using a social constructionist perspective and the theoretical concepts victims and perpetrators based on various forms of domestic violence. This study shows that the understanding and the interpretations by the participating social workers of domestic violence and victims and perpetrators influences if and how they recognize violence, which in turn influences their choices of interventions. / Socialarbetares föreställningar om vad våld i nära relation är påverkar om de uppmärksammar våld i de fall det förekommer. Hur socialarbetare uppmärksammar och förstår våldet kan ock-så påverka hanteringen av dessa ärenden. Utbildning i ämnet våld i nära relation kan påverka socialarbetares kunskap och uppmärksamhet på, samt hantering av, våld. I studien avser vi att undersöka hur socialarbetare som arbetar med barnavårdsutredningar förstår, uppmärksammar och tolkar våld i nära relationer samt vilka insatser socialarbetarna föreslår. Detta är en kvali-tativ vinjettstudie genomförd genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med socialarbetare som arbetar med barnavårdsutredningar. Intervjuerna har analyserats med hjälp av ett socialkon-struktionistiskt perspektiv samt de teoretiska begreppen offer och förövare utifrån olika for-mer av våld i nära relation. Denna studie visar att de deltagande socialarbetarnas förståelse och tolkningar av våld i nära relation samt offer och förövare påverkar om och hur de upp-märksammar våld, vilket i sin tur påverkar val av insatser vid utredning av familjer där våld förekommer.

Submitted by Sabrina Marinho Ost (sabrinaost@yahoo.com.br) on 2012-04-11T20:36:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Final.pdf: 1242543 bytes, checksum: fd402e8eff4508e0462dd8e1c87c78eb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ÁURA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2012-04-12T13:27:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Final.pdf: 1242543 bytes, checksum: fd402e8eff4508e0462dd8e1c87c78eb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2012-04-12T14:37:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Final.pdf: 1242543 bytes, checksum: fd402e8eff4508e0462dd8e1c87c78eb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-04-12T14:37:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Final.pdf: 1242543 bytes, checksum: fd402e8eff4508e0462dd8e1c87c78eb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-13 / This case study aimed to identify how the implementation of the Unidade de Polícia Pacificadora ('Pacifying Police Unit,' or UPP) in Santa Marta favela, Rio de Janeiro, has changed the interaction of the market with this community and how it affected social relations in the slum, according to the perception of the residents. The objective of this research was to understand how the internal market, be it formal or informal, has responded to the new situation and how actors from the external market, as Firjan, Light, among others, have been working on site. Moreover, we aimed to examine how this new market dynamics, made possible by greater state presence in Santa Marta, influenced local sociability. Furthermore, we carried out a field research where observations and semi-open interviews were conducted with representatives of companies that operate in the favela, as well as local entrepreneurs, residents and local leaders. We found that the expansion of the internal market and external market activity in the favela, allows some benefits to reach those who live there. However, this situation has generated new insecurities to residents who feel that increased tourism and festivities to the general public have been restricting leisure facilities. We also found that they fear not being able to afford the rising costs of living there and the consequent impoverishment, as well as they fear that they will suffer a process of banishment caused by market pressure. Thus, some will be able to take advantage and even promote themselves through the opportunities that have arisen with the expansion of the market, while others probably won’t have the capability and will suffer a new exclusion. / O presente estudo de caso teve por objetivo identificar como a implantação da Unidade de Polícia Pacificadora na favela Santa Marta, na Zona Sul do Rio de Janeiro, alterou a interação do mercado com esta comunidade e como isso afetou as relações sociais na favela a partir da percepção dos moradores. O intuito era perceber como o mercado interno, seja ele formal ou informal, tem respondido à nova conjuntura e como atores do mercado externo, como Firjan, Light, entre outros, vêm atuando no local. Ademais, buscou-se analisar como essa nova dinâmica do mercado, viabilizada pela maior presença do estado no Santa Marta, influenciou a sociabilidade local. Para tal, por meio de pesquisa de campo, foram realizadas observações participantes e entrevistas semi-abertas com representantes de empresas que atuam na comunidade, empreendedores locais, moradores e lideranças. Concluiu-se que a expansão do mercado interno e da atuação do mercado externo na comunidade, permite que alguns benefícios cheguem; contudo, essa nova conjuntura tem gerado inseguranças nos moradores que sentem que tiveram espaços de lazer restringidos com o aumento do turismo e eventos festivos para o público externo, receiam não ter condições de arcar com o aumento do custo de vida e conseqüente empobrecimento e temem que venham a sofrer um processo de remoção branca causada pela pressão do mercado. Assim, alguns terão condições de aproveitar e até se desenvolver com as oportunidades que têm surgido com a expansão do mercado, enquanto outros, provavelmente, não terão capacidade e sofrerão uma nova exclusão.

Submitted by Vinicius Peçanha (viniciusrpecanha@hotmail.com) on 2015-08-21T15:06:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_ViniciusPecanha_biblioteca_final2 Copy.pdf: 2020205 bytes, checksum: cc440ff198ec3e166a25a3db500c5c89 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by BRUNA BARROS (bruna.barros@fgv.br) on 2015-08-24T13:07:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_ViniciusPecanha_biblioteca_final2 Copy.pdf: 2020205 bytes, checksum: cc440ff198ec3e166a25a3db500c5c89 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2015-08-25T19:49:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_ViniciusPecanha_biblioteca_final2 Copy.pdf: 2020205 bytes, checksum: cc440ff198ec3e166a25a3db500c5c89 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-25T19:49:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_ViniciusPecanha_biblioteca_final2 Copy.pdf: 2020205 bytes, checksum: cc440ff198ec3e166a25a3db500c5c89 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-29 / The paper quantifies the effects on violence and police activity of the Pacifying Police Unit program (UPP) in Rio de Janeiro and the possible geographical spillovers caused by this policy. This program consists of taking selected shantytowns controlled by criminals organizations back to the State. The strategy of the policy is to dislodge the criminals and then settle a permanent community-oriented police station in the slum. The installation of police units in these slums can generate geographical spillover effects to other regions of the State of Rio de Janeiro. We use the interrupted time series approach proposed by Gonzalez-Navarro (2013) to address effects of a police when there is contagion of the control group and we find that criminal outcomes decrease in areas of UPP and in areas near treated regions. Furthermore, we build a model which allows to perform counterfactuals of this policy and to estimate causal effects in other areas of the State of Rio de Janeiro outside the city.

Submitted by Daniela Fichino (dfichino@uol.com.br) on 2013-01-23T19:04:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tudo.pdf: 1097639 bytes, checksum: 46af5be8402abba26e0562cd4b12d3bd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Eliene Soares da Silva (eliene.silva@fgv.br) on 2013-01-23T19:05:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tudo.pdf: 1097639 bytes, checksum: 46af5be8402abba26e0562cd4b12d3bd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-01-23T19:20:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tudo.pdf: 1097639 bytes, checksum: 46af5be8402abba26e0562cd4b12d3bd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-28 / This thesis offers the reader some narratives about the Pacifying Police Units, collected amongst the actors that experience the process of its implementation. In the first chapter, I explore how diferent speeches organize different policing practices observed in the city of Rio de Janeiro, symbolically structured in a counterpoint between "war" and "peace." In the second chapter, I describe different uses of the term "UPP", and what each can reveal about this project of public safety. In the third chapter, I present an account on the perceptions of the residents of a "pacified" favela. I do not intend to fix a meaning to the experience of the Pacifying Police Units, but to describe conflicting senses, opening the range of interpretive possibilities. / Esta dissertação oferece ao leitor algumas narrativas a respeito das Unidades de Polícia Pacificadora, colhidas junto aos atores que vivenciam o processo de sua implementação. No primeiro capítulo, exploro as falas que organizam diferentes práticas de policiamento verificadas nas favelas da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, simbolicamente estruturadas em um contraponto entre 'guerra' e 'paz'. No segundo capítulo, discorro sobre os diferentes usos do termo 'UPP', e sobre o que cada um deles pode revelar sobre este projeto de segurança pública. No terceiro capítulo, apresento um relato de inspiração etnográfica sobre as percepções dos moradores de uma favela 'pacificada'. Não me proponho, com este percurso, a conferir um sentido acabado à experiência das Unidades de Polícia Pacificadora, mas a descrever sentidos em conflito, abrindo o leque de possibilidades interpretativas.

The purpose of this thesis is to understand how social workers, working for social services in Sweden, reach out, catch up and offer co-dependent relatives to individuals with alcohol- and/or substance abuse help. Scientific research show that co-dependent people often develop a dependent relationship to their relatives with addiction, which cause feelings of shame and stigmatization. To decrease the codependency and negative emotions the relative need professional help. This paper will focus on how social workers work with reaching out to co-dependent relatives and how they offer them help. For this reason, the paper will also giveperspective on how organisations can help to improve the work with relatives to people with alcohol- and substance abuse, as well as how the social workers can use their own discretion to reach out and catch up the relatives in need of emotional support. This study is based on seven social workers experiences (in six different municipalities) of including relatives to individuals with addictions to either alcohol, substances, or gambling problems in their work and offer them help.

Performance measurements are used as evaluation tools in manufacturing organizations. The use of performance measurements should provide useful information regarding organizational performance. A challenge for manufacturing organizations is to translate the performance in an organization to quantifiable measures. Another challenge is to understand the potential of performance measurements to induce change. There are also requirements of the measures to be followed-up, in order for manufacturing organizations to go towards its objectives. Change and communication are another challenges for different departments within industrial organizations, because demands are faced for communication in order to optimize performance measurements. In this master thesis, a case study with a qualitative approach was conducted with the purpose of investigate the role of internal communication in the change of performance measurements systems in a manufacturing organization. A list of performance measurement has previously been provided and updated in the manufacturing organization. 14 employees within the manufacturing organization were interviewed regarding opinions of the performance measurements of the new implemented list. Furthermore, during the interviews the employees gave its opinions of how to follow-up the performance measurements. The employees also discussed how the communication is between the Manufacturing Engineering (ME) and the Product department in the manufacturing organization. The findings in the thesis show that after change in the organization clearer definition of performance measurements is essential. To have clear definition could lead to an increased understanding of how to optimize performance measurements. Furthermore, the findings show that effective communication between departments in manufacturing organizations can influence the performance measurement to be improved. The thesis firstly argues for the manufacturing organization to provide employees with a clearer definition of the performance measurements of the list with the performance measurements. Secondly, to have different follow-up processes of the performance measurements depending on the project the measures are applied to. Thirdly, the thesis argues for the development of communication to create a regular meeting place for the employees between the departments. The benefits of meeting these three arguments are for the manufacturing organization to improve its performance measurements. / För att kunna mäta prestanda och prestation inom företag i tillverkningsindustrin används olika sorters nyckeltal. Nyckeltalen används som verktyg för att utvärdera och ge användbar information gällande hur prestandan och prestationen inom företag ser ut. En utmaning för företag inom tillverkningsindustrin är att kunna omvandla det som produceras och tillverkas till något mätbart. För att förändring och utveckling ska kunna ske utgörs en utmaning av att förstå hur nyckeltalen ska användas. Uppföljning av nyckeltal är en viktig förutsättning för att företagen ska kunna nå uppsatta mål. Ytterligare förutsättningar som krävs för organisationen att tillämpa nyckeltal är förståelse i att tillämpa informationen som ges via nyckeltal, samt att därefter säkerställa att informationen når ut till rätt instanser i organisationen. En god internkommunikation krävs. I detta examensarbete genomfördes en fallstudie med en kvalitativ inriktning. Syftet var att undersöka den interna kommunikationens roll efter förändring som sker vid användning av nyckeltal i ett företag inom tillverkningsindustrin. Inom företaget har det nyligen implementerats och uppdaterats en lista av nyckeltal. Dessa nyckeltal ska hjälpa företaget att gå mot förbättring av att mäta prestanda och hur företaget presterar i projekt och produktion. I fallstudien genomfördes 14 intervjuer med anställda i företaget. I intervjuerna diskuterades tre aspekter. Först, den listan av nyckeltal och de anställdas tankar och åsikter kring den. Den andra aspekten, var hur de anställda skulle vilja följa upp nyckeltalen. Den tredje aspekten diskuterade hur kommunikationen såg ut idag mellan två avdelningar; Manufacutring Enginnering (ME) och Produktion. Resultat från fallstudien visar att tydliga definitioner behövs kommuniceras för ökad förståelse för hur man optimerar användandet av nyckeltal. Vidare visare resultaten att effektivare kommunikation mellan avdelningar i ett företag inom tillverkningsindustrin kan resultera i förbättrad mätning av nyckeltal. Det här examensarbetet har tre argumentationer för att användningen av mätetalen ska förbättras inom företaget i tillverkningsindustrin. Den första argumentationen är tydliga definitioner av nyckeltalen i listan. Den andra argumentationen är att uppföljningen av nyckeltalen kan vara varierande beroende vad det är för projekt de är applicerade på. Den tredje argumentationen är att skapa en regelbunden mötesplats för förbättring av kommunikationen mellan de två avdelningarna inom företaget. Fördelen med att försöka möta dessa tre argument är för företaget att bli bättre på de nyckeltal man mäter.

Background: The traditional view of leadership focuses on the role and responsibilities of the superior. This becomes problematic as sustainable leadership should focus on a shared process. Furthermore, the focus is often on economic sustainability before ecological and social sustainability. Over time, however, the focus has shifted more to the leadership process where both superiors and subordinates are in focus and where a holistic perspective of all three dimensions of sustainability has become important. However, the knowledge of bottom- up influence needs to be developed to gain a further understanding of the subject in its whole. This study is a further step towards this changed focus and contributes to a deeper understanding of the phenomenon of influence. Research question: How do subordinates influence superiors in a sustainability context from a superior and subordinate perspective? Aim: The aim is to describe the bottom-up impact that exists within a sustainability context from a superior and subordinate perspective. Method: To answer the research question, an inductive research approach and qualitative method have been used. A comparative case study of a collective case of three superiors and a collective case of six subordinates has been conducted. The empirical data has been collected through qualitative interviews. Conclusions: The conclusions that this study arrives at are shown in model 4.3 where we get a description of how “leadership with a focus on sustainability” can be achieved. Furthermore, model 4.3 creates an understanding of how superiors can open up for a bottom-up influence and how subordinates can make it possible to be able to influence. Above all, through the relationship between superiors and subordinates, but also based on subordinates' knowledge, the possibility of a bottom-up influence is created. The study shows the importance of the interaction between superiors and subordinates and serves as a complement to previous research on leadership, influence and sustainability. / Bakgrund: Den traditionella synen på ledarskap fokuserar på den överordnades roll och ansvar. Detta blir problematiskt då hållbart ledarskap bör fokusera på en delad process. Vidare ligger fokusen ofta kring en ekonomisk hållbarhet före en ekologisk och social hållbarhet. Med tiden har fokusen dock gått över mer till ledarskapsprocessen där både överordnade och underordnade är i fokus och där ett helhetsperspektiv av alla tre dimensioner av hållbarhet har blivit viktigt. Emellertid behöver kunskapen om nedifrån-upp påverkan utvecklas för att få en förståelse för helheten. Denna studie är ett ytterligare steg mot denna ändrade fokus och bidrar till en djupare förståelse av fenomenet påverkan. Forskningsfråga: Hur påverkar underordnade överordnade inom en hållbarhetskontext utifrån ett överordnad och underordnad perspektiv? Syfte: Syftet är att beskriva den nedifrån-upp påverkan som finns inom en hållbarhetskontext utifrån ett överordnad och underordnad perspektiv. Metod: För att besvara forskningsfrågan har en induktiv forskningsansats och kvalitativ metod använts. En komparativ fallstudie av ett kollektivt fall av tre överordnade och ett kollektivt fall av sex underordnade har genomförts. Empirin kopplat till fallen har insamlats genom kvalitativa intervjuer. Slutsatser: Slutsatserna som denna studie kommer fram till visas i modell 4.3 där vi får en beskrivning av hur “ledarskap med fokus på hållbarhet” kan uppnås. Vidare skapar modell 4.3 en förståelse för hur överordnade kan öppna upp för en nedifrån-upp påverkan och hur underordnade kan möjliggöra för att kunna påverka. Genom framför allt relationen mellan överordnade och underordnade men även utifrån underordnades kunskap så skapas möjligheten för en nedifrån-upp påverkan. Studien visar vikten av samspelet mellan överordnade och underordnade och fungerar som ett komplement till tidigare forskning av ledarskap, påverkan och hållbarhet.