<p>The purpose of this study was to examine how some young mothers, who previously have been in foster care or residential care, describe the way motherhood has affected their lives and identities. Narrative interviews were conducted with three teenage mothers and one mother aged 23. As tools for analyzing the narratives, theories about narrative psychology and how people present themselves through story-telling and language were used. The results of the study show that becoming a mother was life-changing in a positive way, according to the young mothers. They described how they, since becoming mothers, had become more mature and now lived less risk-full lives. Motherhood had brought a new focus to their lives and had given them motivation to study and to become self-supporting. The mothers expressed a wish to give their children a better childhood, than they themselves had. The results of the study were similar with the results reported in previous, qualitative studies of the experiences of young mothers.</p>

<p>Uppsatsen beskriver tiden kring 50-talet för att genom detta visa den ungdomskultur som då uppstod. När filmen Ung rebell hade premiär 1955 var den en föregångare inom filmbranchen genom att gestalta ungdomskulturen på ett nytt sätt. Uppstasen analyserar denna film, Sista natten med gänget (1973), samt Grease (1978) för att visa vilka verktyg som används för att visa ungdomskulturen under denna tid. En del av analysen är att påvisa bilens roll i ungdomskulturen i film gesaltad under och strax efter 50-talet.</p>

The purpose of this study was to examine how some young mothers, who previously have been in foster care or residential care, describe the way motherhood has affected their lives and identities. Narrative interviews were conducted with three teenage mothers and one mother aged 23. As tools for analyzing the narratives, theories about narrative psychology and how people present themselves through story-telling and language were used. The results of the study show that becoming a mother was life-changing in a positive way, according to the young mothers. They described how they, since becoming mothers, had become more mature and now lived less risk-full lives. Motherhood had brought a new focus to their lives and had given them motivation to study and to become self-supporting. The mothers expressed a wish to give their children a better childhood, than they themselves had. The results of the study were similar with the results reported in previous, qualitative studies of the experiences of young mothers.

Background and aim: The number of refugees and unaccompanied children are increasing in Sweden and these people belong to one of the groups that are at higher risk for developing suicidal behavior. At the same time the lack of research on the subject is mentioned several times by different sources. The aim of this study is therefore to investigate suicidal behavior among young refugees between the ages 13 to 18 years in Sweden, from personnel experiences in social services. Method: We have chosen a qualitative approach with seven narrative interviews that each lasted for about one hour and were recorded. The interview guide was semi structured. The respondents in this study consist of one student counselor, workers from two child psychiatry departments and four different residential care homes for unaccompanied children and young persons. Results and conclusions: The respondents had the understanding that young refugees have been through a lot, lost their families and experienced difficult traumas and a tough refuge. The result from the collected data showed that the personnel thought the cause of the suicidal behavior is the long wait during the asylum process, the trauma they have experienced and lack of social networks. Suicidal behaviors among the young refugees were often thoughts and suicide attempts with pills, through self-starving, hanging, or cutting themselves. We have noticed an opinion that a connection between being a refugee and suicide is possible and that a shorter asylum process might help reduce the suicidal behavior among young refugees. / Bakgrund och syfte: Antalet flyktingar och ensamkommande barn ökar i Sverige och dessa människor tillhör en av de grupper som löper större risk att utveckla självmordsbeteende. Samtidigt nämns bristen på forskning inom ämnet av olika källor. Syftet med denna studie är därför att undersöka självmordsbeteende bland unga flyktingar i åldern 13 och 18 år i Sverige, från personals upplevelser i sociala verksamheter. Metod: Vi har valt en kvalitativ ansats med sju narrativa intervjuer, ungefär en timme långa vardera och bandinspelade med diktafon. Intervjuguiden var semistrukturerad. Respondenterna i denna studie utgörs av en kurator, personal från två avdelningar inom barnpsykiatrin (BUP) och fyra olika hem för vård eller boende (HVB-hem) för ensamkommande barn och ungdomar. Resultat och slutsatser: Intervjupersonerna hade uppfattningen att unga flyktingar har gått igenom mycket, förlorat sina familjer och erfarit svåra trauman och en besvärlig flykt till Sverige. Resultatet från insamlad data visade att personalen trodde att orsaken till självmordsbeteende är den långa väntan under asylprocessen, det trauma som de har upplevt och brist på socialt nätverk. Självmordsbeteende bland unga flyktingar var ofta tankar och självmordsförsök genom tabletter, självsvält, hängning eller genom att skära sig. Vi har uppmärksammat respondenters åsikter om att en koppling mellan självmord och att vara flykting är möjlig och att en kortare asylprocess kan bidra till att minska självmordsbeteende bland unga flyktingar.

During the recent years the interest in entrepreneurial education has increased both in terms of research being made in the subject, but also in the extent of entrepreneurial courses in Swedish secondary schools, where as the concept Junior Achievement (JA) is particularly being used. A common goal of the entrepreneurial education is apart from teaching the students how to start and run a business, to develop the students’ entrepreneurial skills and competences. The main purpose of the essay is to describe and illustrate the role of the teacher in the entrepreneurial pedagogy being used in courses with the JA concept and to investigate which entrepreneurial skills are being developed by the students participating in these courses. There is also the purpose of investigate what the characteristics are of this entrepreneurial pedagogy being used in the courses using the JA concept. The main theoretical foundation underpinning this study is the pedagogical philosophy formulated by John Dewey and the theory of situational leadership. My study took place in a secondary school in the area ofStockholm, where the JA concept was used in economical and project work courses. Two teachers teaching on these courses were interviewed and a questionnaire survey was conducted to obtain data from the teachers’ students. The main findings from this study are that the entrepreneurial pedagogy being used in the courses with the JA concept show high similarities with the philosophy of John Dewey. The role of the teacher is to be a tutor, guiding the students through the work process, by being more directional and instructive at start, and more supportive and encouraging in the end. However, the results show that it‘s unclear if the amount of help and support the students receive from the teacher is sufficient. The entrepreneurial skills, for example communication ability and creativity are being developed the most when they are connected to economical work assignments. Regarding the cooperation ability it is unclear if the ability is being developed due to the fact that the results show that students tend to cooperate with their friends and the work load being unequally shared in the JA business.

The aim of this thesis is to gain a deeper understanding in relation to the construction of a ‘Net Generation’. With regards to the idea of an information society, technologies and young people are given certain positions, which are not in any sense natural but are socially constructed. This thesis explores these socially given meanings and shows what types of meanings are prioritized and legitimized. The exploration is conducted by examining, both externally and internally, given meanings of a generation identity. The external (nominal identification) in this study is understood as the construction of an abstract user and is studied by means of academic texts concerning the ‘Net Generation’. The internal (virtual identification) involves young people’s construction of their generation identity and is studied by means of collage. The collages are used to understand how the young participants position themselves in contemporary society and how they, as concrete users, articulate their relationship with information technologies.   The findings show that the ‘type of behavior’ which is articulated in the signifying practice of the construction of the abstract user, ‘Net Generation’, reduces users and technology to a marketing / economical discourse. In addition the idea of the abstract user implies that all users have the same possibilities to achieve ‘success’ in the information society, by being active ‘prosumers’. The concrete users articulate that they feel stressed and pressured in relation to all the choices that they are expected to make. In this sense, the participants do not articulate the (economical) interests as assumed for the ‘Net Generation’, but, rather articulate interests to play, to have a hobby and be social when using information technologies.   What this thesis thus proposes, is to critically explore the ‘taken for granted’ notions of a technological order in society as pertaining to young people. Only if we understand how socially given meaning is constructed can we break loose from the temporarily prioritized values to which the position of technology and users are fixed.

Uppsatsen beskriver tiden kring 50-talet för att genom detta visa den ungdomskultur som då uppstod. När filmen Ung rebell hade premiär 1955 var den en föregångare inom filmbranchen genom att gestalta ungdomskulturen på ett nytt sätt. Uppstasen analyserar denna film, Sista natten med gänget (1973), samt Grease (1978) för att visa vilka verktyg som används för att visa ungdomskulturen under denna tid. En del av analysen är att påvisa bilens roll i ungdomskulturen i film gesaltad under och strax efter 50-talet.

Young councillors are currently under-represented in Sweden's municipalities. Young councillors are also stepping down in greater numbers than older members. This paper explores the reasons why young councillors choose to resign from their mission, so to identify possible remedies to the problematic trend of underrepresentation of younger people in local authorities in Sweden. This qualitative essay intends, through interviewing politically-active young people who has left their assignment, to study the reasons for resignations from elected posts. To see what could be the reason I have looked at previous studies and theories about opting out but also tried to remain open to identifying new and emerging trends previously undetected in existing surveys. The results showed that the political assignment proved to be too time-consuming, with young people choosing to spend their time on career and leisure. Those who resign from political life often express criticism towards the Municipal Council; they consider it tedious and many complain of having little influence. The increasing underrepresentation of younger people in political office and the fact that it is hard to recruit new active members shows that structural changes needs to be made to succeed in attracting new young members to political assignments.

Antalet HIV-positiva personer i världen ökar och sjuksköterskor behöver därför ha adekvat kunskap kring hur det är att leva med humant immunbristvirus (HIV). Att leva med HIV som ungdom och ung vuxen kan upplevas vara extra svårt då dessa individer befinner sig i en känslig övergångsålder. Syftet till denna litteraturstudie var därför att belysa ungdomars och unga vuxnas upplevelser av att leva med humant immunbristvirus (HIV). Studien är en allmän litteraturstudie där en innehållsanalys användes för att få fram resultatet. Totalt identifierades tio olika kategorier vilka resulterade i fyra teman: När livet stannar upp, Jag i relation till andra, Sjukvårdsrelaterade faktorer och När livet går vidare. Att leva med HIV som ungdom och ung vuxen upplevdes vara svårt och påverkades av stigmatisering i samhället. Hemlighetshållande av diagnosen kunde påverka den sexuella hälsan och läkemedelsföljsamheten. Relationerna till sjukvårdspersonalen upplevdes vara betydelsefulla vilket tillsammans med stödgrupper kunde bidra till ett ökat självförtroende och acceptans kring sjukdomen. Rätt kunskap om HIV och ett holistiskt synsätt är vitalt för att sjuksköterskor ska kunna ge en personcentrerad omvårdnad till dessa ungdomar. Mer forskning kring upplevelsen av att leva med HIV behövs. / The number of HIV-positive individuals in the world is increasing and nurses therefore need adequate knowledge about living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Living with HIV as a youth and young adult can be hard since these individuals are in a sensitive transition age. The purpose of this literature study was to highlight the experiences of living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as a youth and young adult. This study is a general literature study where a content analysis was used to reach the results. Ten different categories were identified which resulted in four themes: When life stops, I in relations to others, Health-care related factors and When life goes on. Living with HIV as a youth was found to be difficult and was affected by stigmatization in society. Trying to keep the diagnosis a secret could affect sexual health and drug adherence. Relationships with healthcare professionals were found to be significant, which together with support groups could contribute to increased self-confidence and acceptance about the disease. It’s vital for nurses to have correct knowledge about HIV and a holistic approach to be able to provide a person-centred care. More research on the experience of living with HIV is needed.

Sedan Försvarsmakten påbörjade sin akademisering av officerskåren, dels med officersprogrammet på Försvarshögskolan och med ett uppdragsutbildningsprogram i samarbete med bland annat Halmstad universitet så har det skrivits och producerats många uppsatser med fokus på plutonchefernas situation. I de studierna har huvudsakligen plutonchefernas chefer eller andra i deras omgivning intervjuats. Den här uppsatsen bidrar med perspektivet från plutoncheferna själva, de unga officerare och specialistofficerare som är mitt i lösandet av befattningen. Syftet med studien är att utreda och skapa förståelse för de unga plutonchefernas situation. Diskussionen förs ur perspektivet vad organisationen, Försvarsmakten, kan göra för att skapa så bra förutsättningar som möjligt för plutoncheferna att lösa sin arbetsuppgift. Den här uppsatsen bekräftar bilden av vad tidigare studier visar och det råder en samsyn om hur komplex situationen är för nytillträdda chefer.  Studiens resultat visar att de unga har drivkraft och ambition att lösa uppgiften som plutonchef men att det saknas viss kunskap. Resultaten visar även att befattningens innebörd är otydlig i hela organisationen och Försvarsmakten skulle behöva tydliggöra produktionsorganisationen i vardagen och överväga att definiera innebörden och förväntningarna av att vara plutonchef i tre perspektiv: plutonchef i grundutbildning, plutonchef för kontinuerligt anställda soldater (GSS/K) och krigsplutonchef, det vill säga plutonchef i krigsorganisationen som är under utbildning och den som truppför enheten vid övning, kris eller krig. Studien visar även att organisationen är medveten om vilken kunskap och erfarenhet de unga har och inte har för att lösa befattningen som plutonchef när de examineras men att planen för att utveckla den kunskap som krävs behöver överses. Detta ställer krav på hur stödet utformas kring de unga cheferna i form av ett genomtänkt arbetslag samt stöd och handledning från plutonchefernas chefer, i normala fall kompanicheferna. / Since the Swedish Armed Forces began to academies the officers' corps, the officer program at the Swedish Defence University and also during complementary education program in collaboration with, among others, Halmstad University, many essays have been written focusing on the situation of platoon commanders. In those studies mostly the platoon commanders’ superiors or others around them have been interviewed. This paper adds the perspective of the platoon commanders themselves, the young officers and non-commissioned officers who are in the midst of resolving the position. The purpose of the study is to investigate and create an understanding for the situation of the young platoon commanders. The discussion is based on what the organization, the Swedish Armed Forces, can do to create the best possible conditions for the platoon commanders to solve their task. This paper confirms the picture of what previous studies show and there is a consensus on how complex the situation is for newly appointed platoon commanders.  The results of the study show that the young have the drive and ambition to solve the task as platoon commander but that some knowledge is lacking. The result also shows that the definition of the position is unclear throughout the organization and the Swedish Armed Forces would need to clarify the organization used to produce units in basic training and consider defining the meaning and expectations of being platoon commander in three perspectives: platoon commander in basic training, platoon commander for employed soldiers and pluton commander in the organization during war, which is the one who commands the unit in training, crisis or war. The study also shows that the organization is aware of the knowledge and experience that the young have, and not have, solving the position as platoon commander when they are examined, but that the plan to develop the necessary knowledge needs to be reviewed more carefully. This places demands on how the support is designed around the young commanders in the form of a well-thought-out team as well as support and supervision from the platoon commanders’ superiors, normally the company commanders.