Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2017-07-04T10:50:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 flaviacristinadecarvalhomrad.pdf: 25667828 bytes, checksum: 67558dd38cd5b84d1921ca5e06445e03 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-08-08T14:22:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 flaviacristinadecarvalhomrad.pdf: 25667828 bytes, checksum: 67558dd38cd5b84d1921ca5e06445e03 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-08T14:22:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 flaviacristinadecarvalhomrad.pdf: 25667828 bytes, checksum: 67558dd38cd5b84d1921ca5e06445e03 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-11-23 / A disfuncão do trato urinario inferior (DTUI) é uma alteracão comum em crianças. Dados sobre sua prevalência em indivíduos com síndrome de Down (SD) são escassos. O presente estudo transversal tem como objetivo investigar a prevalência da DTUI em indivíduos com SD pertencentes ao Ambulatório da Síndrome de Down, único com critérios específicos de atendimento em Minas Gerais, Brasil. Os sintomas da DTUI foram avaliados através da aplicação da versão adaptada e validada para população brasileira do Dysfunctional Voíding Symptom Score (DVSS). No DVSS, os valores de corte para indicar a presença de DTUI foram maior do que seis para indivíduos do sexo masculino e maior do que nove para indivíduos do sexo feminino. Dos 114 indivíduos avaliados, 84 foram incluíduos, com idade variando de quatro a 57 anos (média 19,10 anos ± 12,02), sendo 66,70% do gênero feminino. A prevalência encontrada foi de 27,38%. Os sintomas foram mais frequentes nos indivíduos do gênero masculino (OR 3,06; IC 95% (1,131 a 8,321); p=0,03) e com a idade menor ou igual á 10 anos (OR 5,22; IC 95% (1,867 a 14,61); p= 0,001). Estes achados tornam-se importantes para alertar os profissionais envolvidos no seguimento destes indivíduos, orientando sobre a necessidade de investigação padronizada da DTUI, objetivando a prevenção e/ou a correta intervenção terapêutica. / Lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) is a common problem in children. Data on it's prevalence in individuals with Down syndrome (DS) is scarce. This cross-sectional study aims to investigate the prevalence of LUTD in individuals with DS, members of the Down Syndrome Clinic, the only one with specific treatment criteria in Minas Gerais, Brazil. The LUTD symptoms were assessed through the application of the validated and adapted version of the Dysfunctional Voiding Symptom Score (DVSS) for the Brazilian population. The cut-point to indicate the LUTD presence were > 6 for male individuals and > 9 for female individuals. Of the 114 individuals assessed, 84 were eligible, with ages varying from 0 to 57 years (medium age 19.10 years ± 12.02), of these 66.70% being female. The prevalence found was of 27.38%. The symptoms were more frequent in males (OR 3.06; IC 95% (1.131 to 8.321); p=0.03) and of age lower or equal to 10 years (OR 5.22; IC 95% (1.867 to 14.61); p= 0.001). These findings are important to alert the professionals involved in the follow-up of such patients, informing them of the need to standardize the investigation of the LUTD, aiming to prevent and/or the correct therapeutic intervention.

Orientadores: Viviane Hermann, Cássio Luiz Zanettini Riccetto / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T22:47:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Manente_FernandaDalphorno_M.pdf: 1640371 bytes, checksum: bb7045d453650447e32f75b7c7322b55 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Introdução: Os slings sintéticos marcaram a transição do tratamento invasivo para o tratamento minimamente invasivo da incontinência urinária de esforço feminina. Técnicas igualmente eficazes, porém com menores riscos de complicações têm sido pesquisadas. Os mini-slings, utilizando incisão única e de acesso exclusivamente vaginal podem representar uma alternativa à técnica de sling tradicional. Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia do mini sling Ophira para o tratamento da incontinência urinária de esforço feminina. Material e Método: Foram avaliadas 49 mulheres que compareceram ao Ambulatório de Uroginecologia do HC da UNICAMP no período de abril de 2008 a maio de 2009 com queixa clínica de incontinência urinária de esforço. Todas as pacientes foram submetidas a Estudo Urodinâmico pré-operatório e avaliadas através de história clínica, exame físico, urina I e urocultura, teste de esforço, Pad test de uma hora e aplicação do questionário de qualidade de vida UDI-6. A colocação de mini sling Ophira foi realizada sob anestesia local em regime ambulatorial com alta após micção espontânea. As avaliações subsequentes foram realizadas após seis dias e um, três, seis e 12 meses após o procedimento, compreendendo exame físico, Pad test de uma hora e aplicação do UDI-6. A cura objetiva foi avaliada através do Pad test e do teste de esforço. A cura subjetiva foi avaliada pela queixa clínica e pelo questionário de qualidade de vida. Resultados: A análise da percepção subjetiva dos resultados demonstrou que, após 12 meses de seguimento, 37 pacientes (76%) referiram cura da IUE e sete (14%) melhora. O escore do questionário UDI-6, inicialmente com média de 41,29, caiu para 7,24 após 12 meses de seguimento. O Pad test de uma hora apresentou queda de 6,2g no préoperatório para 1g após o término do acompanhamento. Apenas seis pacientes apresentavam teste de esforço positivo no seguimento de 12 meses. Não houve complicações intra-operatórias. Apenas um caso de dor pós-operatória foi observado. Obteve-se taxa de extrusão do sling de 12,2%. Conclusão: O mini sling Ophira representa uma alternativa cirúrgica segura e eficaz para o tratamento da incontinência urinária de esforço feminina, no período de tempo avaliado / Abstract: Introduction: The synthetic slings marked the transition from invasive treatment to minimally invasive treatment of stress urinary incontinence. Techniques equally effective but with fewer risks of complications have been proposed. The minislings, with single incision and accessing exclusively the vaginal route represents an alternative to tradicional sling technique. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of mini sling Ophira for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence in women. Methods: We evaluated 49 women attending the outpatient clinic of Urogynecology at the HC/UNICAMP from April 2008 to May 2009 with clinical complaints of stress urinary incontinence. All patients were initially submitted to urodynamic investigation, clinical and physical evaluation, urine analysis, stress test, 1-hour pad test and UDI- 6 Quality of life questionnaire. Mini sling Ophira was placed under local anesthesia and patients were dismissed after spontaneous voiding. Evaluation was undertaken 6 days after surgery and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months follow-up. Objective cure was assessed by Pad test and stress test. Subjective cure was assessed by QoL questionnaire. Results: Subjective analysis demonstrated that, after 12 months, 37 (76%) of patients referred themselves as cured and 7 (14%) as improved. UDI score significantly dropped from 41.29 to 7.24 and 1 hour Pad-test significantly decreased from 6.2 g to 1.0 g. Only 6 patients had persistent positive stress test. No intra operative complications occurred and only one patient complained of pain. Mesh erosion rate was 12.2%. Conclusion: Mini sling Ophira represents a safe and effective alternative to female stress urinary incontinence treatment, should the results proved to be long lasting / Mestrado / Fisiopatologia Cirúrgica / Mestre em Ciências

Abstract Problems of female urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse are common. Traditional operative techniques in the treatment of these conditions have unsatisfactory efficacy outcomes and involve complications. Attempts have been made to solve this problem with synthetic meshes, but with the use of meshes mesh-related complications have appeared. The situation is difficult because the number of different meshes, techniques and instrumentations is numerous. The present study was conducted to investigate the safety issues and complication rates of four structurally different polypropylene meshes used in transvaginal surgery when treating female urinary incontinence and apical or posterior vaginal prolapse. Vaginal mesh exposures were under special interest. Subjective outcome and patient satisfaction of tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) and transobturator tape (TOT) methods in the treatment of female urinary incontinence were reported. Objective and subjective cures of posterior intravaginal sling (PIVS) and Elevate®Posterior procedures were investigated. The incidence of vaginal mesh exposure varied between different meshes. The highest exposure incidence, 16–25%, was found with heavyweight microporous multifilament mesh. The lowest mesh exposure incidence, 0.9%, was seen with lightweight macroporous monofilament mesh. The subjective cures of the TVT and TOT procedures were 84% and 80%, and patient satisfaction rates were 79% and 74%, respectively. The objective cure of posterior IVS was only 69% and patient satisfaction rate 62%, while Elevate®Posterior reached 84–98% objective cure rate, depending on the definition used. Subjective efficacy of this procedure was 86%. According to this study, the use of heavyweight microporous multifilament should be abandoned because of the intolerably high vaginal mesh exposure incidence. The subjective efficacy and patient satisfaction of TVT and TOT procedures are satisfactory. Both objective and subjective cure rates of posterior IVS are poor, whereas the Elevate®Posterior technique with lightweight macroporous monofilament mesh presents promising results. / Tiivistelmä Virtsankarkailu ja emättimen monimuotoiset laskeumat ovat naisilla yleisiä. Näitä vaivoja perinteisillä leikkaustekniikoilla hoidettaessa leikkaustulokset ovat olleet epätyydyttäviä sekä tehon että komplikaatioiden ilmaantuvuuden osalta. Ongelmaa on yritetty ratkaista synteettisien verkkojen avulla, mutta verkkojen käytön myötä niihin on havaittu liittyvän myös ongelmia. Tilannetta hankaloittaa myös erilaisten verkkomateriaalien, tekniikoiden ja instrumentaatioiden runsaslukuisuus. Tässä tutkimuksessa selvitettiin neljän rakenteeltaan erilaisen polypropyleenistä valmistetun verkon turvallisuutta ja komplikaatioiden esiintyvyyttä hoidettaessa verkkoavusteisesti naisen virtsankarkailua ja emättimen pohjukan tai emättimen takaseinämän laskeumaa. Erityisenä kiinnostuksen kohteena olivat verkkoihin liittyvät eroosiot. Virtsankarkailun hoidon subjektiivinen teho ja potilastyytyväisyys selvitettiin käytettäessä tension-free vaginal tape- (TVT) ja transobturator tape (TOT) -tekniikoita. Laskeumien hoidon objektiivinen ja subjektiivinen teho arvioitiin käytettäessä posterior intravaginal sling- (PIVS) ja Elevate®Posterior -tekniikoita. Verkon eroosioiden ilmaantuvuus vaihteli rakenteeltaan erilaisten verkkojen välillä siten, että tiivistä mikroporoottista multifilamenttinauhaa käytettäessä eroosioiden ilmaantuvuus oli 16–25 %, kun taas kevyttä makroporoottista monofilamenttiverkkoa käytettäessä eroosioprosentti oli 0.9. TVT-menetelmällä saavutettiin 84 %:n ja TOT menetelmällä 80 %:n subjektiivinen teho. TVT-potilaista hoitoon tyytyväisiä oli 79 % ja TOT-potilaista 74 %. Posteriorinen IVS saavutti vain 69 %:n objektiivisen tehon pohjukan laskeuman hoidossa. Potilastyytyväisyys oli samaa luokkaa, 62 %. Sen sijaan Elevate®Posterior-menetelmää käytettäessä saavutettiin käytetystä tehon määritelmästä riippuen 84–98 %:n objektiivinen teho. Subjektiivinen teho tällä menetelmällä oli 86 %. Tämän tutkimuksen perusteella tiiviin mikroporoottisen multifilamenttiverkon käyttöön liittyvä verkkoeroosioiden määrä on sietämättömän suuri. Vakiintuneiden TVT- ja TOT-menetelmien subjektiivinen teho ja potilastyytyväisyys ovat hyväksyttäviä. PIVS-metodia käytettäessä sekä objektiivinen että subjektiivinen tulos on huono, kun taas Elevate®Posterior-menetelmän ja siinä käytetyn kevyen verkon käytöstä saadut tulokset ovat lupaavia.

Objectifs : La prévalence de chute chez les femmes âgées incontinentes est plus élevée que celle des femmes continentes. Une des hypothèses est qu'une envie pressante (EP) d’uriner pourrait altérer la marche. Les objectifs ont été d’étudier l’effet de l’EP sur la marche chez les femmes âgées continentes/incontinentes et de déterminer la relation entre la sévérité de l’incontinence et les paramètres de marche chez les participantes incontinentes. Méthode : Une étude pilote quasi-expérimentale a été menée auprès de deux groupes de femmes âgées en bonne santé vivant dans la communauté : continentes (n=17; âge: 74,1 ± 4,3) et incontinentes (incontinence urinaire (IU) d’urgence/IU mixte) (n=15; âge : 73,5 ± 5,9), ayant fait au minimum une chute au cours de la dernière année. Nous avons comparé et analysé les paramètres de marche pour chaque groupe et condition (EP/sans l’envie d’uriner). Résultats : Nous avons observé chez les deux groupes lors de l’EP une diminution de vitesse (p=0,05) et de largeur de pas (p=0,02). Lors de l’EP, l’incontinence plus sévère a été corrélée avec une diminution de vitesse (rs=-0,56, p=0,03) et une augmentation de la variabilité de la longueur de cycle de marche (rs=0,54, p=0,04). Sans l’envie d’uriner, l’incontinence plus sévère a été corrélée avec une diminution de vitesse (rs=-0,63, p=0,01), une augmentation du temps d’appui unipodal (rs=0,65, p=0.01) et de sa variabilité (rs=0,65, p=0,01). Conclusions : L’EP affecte la marche peu importe la présence ou non d’incontinence. La sévérité de l’IU est corrélée à des paramètres de marche qui constituent des risques de chute. / Aims: The fall rate in urinary incontinent (UI) older women is higher when compared that with continent women. One hypothesis is that a strong desire to void (SDV) could alter gait parameters and therefore increase the risk of falls. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the effect of SDV on gait parameters in incontinent and continent older women who experienced falls. The secondary aim was to determine the relationship between UI severity and gait parameters in incontinent women. Methods: A quasi-experimental pilot study was conducted with two groups of healthy community-dwelling women who experienced at least one fall in the last year: continent (n=17; age: 74.1 ± 4.3) and urgency UI and mixed UI women (n=15; age: 73.5 ± 5.9). We recorded, analyzed and compared spatiotemporal gait parameters for participants in each group with both SDV and no desire to void condition. Results: Reduced velocity (p=0.05) and stride width (p=0.02) were observed in both groups with SDV. An increased incontinence severity was correlated with reduced velocity (rs=-0.56, p=0.03) and increased stride length variability (rs=0.54, p=0.04) in SDV condition. An increased incontinence severity was correlated with reduced velocity (rs=-0.63, p=0.01), increased stance time (rs=0.65, p=0.01) and stance time variability (rs=0.65, p=0.01) in no desire to void condition. Conclusions: SDV alter gait parameters regardless of continence status. Further, UI severity was correlated to gait parameters that constitute a risk of falling.

Belastungsharninkontinenz (BHI) geht mit einem großen Verlust an Lebensqualität einher. Während bei der Frau durch Einführung der suburethralen Schlingen auf der Grundlage der Integraltheorie (Petros und Ulmsten) seit Jahren eine wirksame Therapieoption der BHI existiert, gibt es für den Mann bisher kein derart gereiftes theoretisches Konzept zur Erklärung der Inkontinenzmechanismen. Ein bestehendes Problem ist hier die noch immer kontrovers diskutierte Mikroanatomie, vor allem aber die Verankerung und das funktionelles Zusammenspiel der Kontinenz erzeugenden Einzelstrukturen. Anliegen dieser Arbeit ist es, eine Analyse der anatomischen Schnittstellen zwischen Beckenwand und Organen im Spatium retropubicum (ventraler vesikourethraler Suspensionsapparat, VVUS) beim Mann durchzuführen, um eine Ableitung von Aufgaben bei der Miktion und Erzeugung von Kontinenz herzustellen. Fernziele sind dabei, klinisch brauchbare Therapieformen der männlichen BHI voranzutreiben und einen Nutzen für die anatomische Lehre abzuleiten. Methodisch basiert die Arbeit auf makroskopisch-anatomischen Präparationen der sogenannten „puboprostatischen Bänder“ (PPL), des Arcus tendineus fasciae pelvis (ATFP) und der Beckenfaszien, ferner des M. pubococcygeus an Alkohol- und Thiel-fixierten männlichen Becken (n=11) mit kontinuierlicher Fotodokumentation. Die histologische Analyse ausgewählter Gewebeblöcke dient der Festlegung von Kontaktstellen der einzelnen Gewebe. Ein Pool aus 650 Dünnschnittpräparaten in HE- und Crossmon-Färbung wurde durch immunhistochemisch mit α-SMCA-AK markierten Schnitten zur exakten Differenzierung der muskulären Grundstruktur komplettiert. Die Schnittstelle zur Klinik bildet eine Pilotserie von MRT-Untersuchungen des VVUS bei 3 gesunden männlichen Probanden, die mit dem Präparationssitus verglichen wurde und Potenzial für zukünftige Studien aufzeigt. Wesentliche Erkenntnisse sind: 1. „Puboprostatische Bänder“ existieren nicht. Ein Komplex aus Einzelstrukturen, die vor allem Assoziation zur Harnblase haben, bildet das makroskopische Korrelat. 2. Die Mm. pubovesicales zeigen einen fächerförmigen Verlauf, daher sollte eine Neubezeichnung als M. collaris vesicae erfolgen. 3. Der ATFP dient als Aponeurose für die Mm. pubovesicales neben der Stabilisierung des vesikourethralen Überganges. 4. Die Endopelvine Faszie existiert, sie trägt zum Erhalt einer bestimmten Höhenlage des vesikourethralen Überganges bei und stabilisiert die Urethra durch ihren langstreckigen lateralen Verlauf. Die Evaluation der Abbildungsweise des VVUS in anatomischen Lehrmedien ist der studentischen Ausbildung geschuldet. Dabei wird auf seine ungleiche Darstellung hingewiesen und eine Revision angeregt. Die Voraussetzung für die Optimierung der männlichen Harnkontinenz bleibt in jedem Fall die enge Zusammenarbeit zwischen Anatomie und Klinik bei der Aus- und Fortbildung.

Bakgrund: Prostatacancer är en sjukdom som påverkar ett stort antal män världen över där behandlingsalternativen ofta följer med svåra biverkningar för patienten. Biverkningarna påverkar bland annat sexuell hälsa och urinvägar. Biverkningarna påverkar även männens identitet och manlighet.  Syfte: Syftet med litteraturöversikten var att beskriva patienters upplevelser av prostatacancer. Metod: En litteraturöversikt användes där författarna hittade 10 stycken kvalitativa vetenskapliga artiklar som sammanställts till resultatet i denna studie.  Resultat: Resultatet visar att männens upplevelser kring prostatacancer är ofta svåra för männen och att det finns många påverkande faktorer mot deras identitet och självkänsla.  Sammanfattning: Med denna studie ger vi en ökad förståelse för männens upplevelser under sin sjukdom med prostatacancer och ge kunskap till sjuksköterskor om männens psykiska tillstånd för att kunna utföra god omvårdnad. / Background: Prostate cancer is a disease that affects many men around the world where treatment options often come with severe side effects for the patient. The side effects affect their sexuality among other things, but there are many more serious side effects. The side effects also often hit hard on men's identity, which often has serious consequences on their life.  Aim: The aim of this literature overview was to describe patient’s experiences of prostate cancer.  Method: A literature review was performed where 10 articles was found for our result.  Results: The results showed that men's experiences of prostate cancer are often difficult for men and that there are many influencing factors towards their identity and self-esteem.  Conclusion: With this study we provided an increased understanding of men's experiences during their illness with prostate cancer and to provide nurses with knowledge about men's mental state in order to be able to perform good nursing.

Women can face a wide range of pelvic floor dysfunctions following pregnancy, ranging from urinary incontinence to pelvic pain. Unfortunately, these problems are not routinely checked for in postpartum check-ups and women do not always bring it to the physician’s attention. Strengthening of the pelvic floor muscles may be able to help women prevent these disorders and improve these women’s lifestyles. The purpose of this thesis was to review and analyze different trials to determine if different pelvic floor dysfunctions (urinary incontinence, sexual dysfunction, and pelvic girdle pain) can be treated using pelvic floor muscle training in the postpartum. After reviewing the literature, it was determined that Pelvic floor muscle training may be effective in treating Urinary incontinence, but there is a lack of research to state that it helps treat sexual dysfunction and pelvic pain. Pelvic floor muscle training is a conservative non-invasive treatment and very simple for women to do on their own, therefore more research should be performed to see if this can be a simple fix to a plethora of problems women face in the postpartum.

But: Cette étude a pour but de comparer : a)la morphologie du plancher pelvien (PP), du col vésical et du sphincter urogénital strié (SUS) par IRM et b) la fonction du PP par palpation digitale (PERFECT scheme) chez les femmes âgées continentes ou avec incontinence urinaire à l’effort (IUE) et mixte (IUM). Méthode: Les femmes ont appris à contracter correctement leur PP et la fonction de leur PP a été évaluée. Une séance d’IRM dynamique 3T a suivi. Résultats: 66 femmes ont participé à l’étude. Les groupes étaient similaires en âge, IMC, nombre d’accouchements vaginaux et d’hystérectomie. La validité et la fidélité des différentes mesures anatomiques utilisées ont été confirmées au début de cette étude. Afin de contrôler l’effet potentiel de la taille du bassin sur les autres paramètres, les femmes ont été appariées par la longueur de leur inlet pelvien. Les femmes avec IUM ont un PP plus bas et un support des organes pelviens plus faible, selon leurs ligne M, angle LPC/Ligne H et hauteur de la jonction urétro-vésicale (UV). Les femmes avec IUE ont un PP similaire à celui des continentes, mais présentent plus d’ouverture du col vésical et un angle UV postérieur plus large au repos que les autres groupes. Il n’y a aucune différence de morphologie du SUS entre les groupes. De plus, selon les résultats du PERFECT scheme, les femmes avec IU ont une force du PP plus faible que les continentes. Les femmes avec IUM montrent aussi une faible élévation des muscles du PP à la contraction. Les femmes avec IUE ont, quant à elle, un problème de coordination à la toux. Conclusion: Les déficits causant l’IUE et l’IUM sont différents, mais supportent tous le rationnel des exercices du PP pour le traitement de l’IUE et l’IUM. Ces résultats supportent le besoin de traitements de rééducation spécifiques aux déficits de chacun des types d’IU. / Aims: The study’s aim was to compare: a) pelvic floor muscle (PFM), bladder neck and urethral sphincter morphologies using MRI and b) PFM function using digital palpation (PERFECT scheme) in continent women, women with stress (SUI) and mixed (MUI) urinary incontinence. Method: Women were taught how to perform PFM contractions correctly and their PFM function was assessed, then each woman completed a dynamic 3T MRI session. Results: 66 women participated in the study. Groups were similar for age, BMI, vaginal deliveries and hysterectomies. Validity and reliability of the different anatomical measures used has been confirmed at the beginning of the study. To control for the potential effect of pelvic size on study parameters, women were matched based on pelvic inlet length. MUI women seemed to have lower PFM resting position and pelvic organ support at rest, based on their M-Line, PCL/H-Line angle and urethrovesical (UV) junction height. However, SUI women seemed to have a PFM morphology similar to that of continent women, but presented a greater occurrence of bladder neck funnelling and a larger posterior UV angle. There were no differences in urethral sphincter morphology between the 3 groups. Functionally, as shown by the PERFECT scheme results, both UI groups had poorer PFM strength on MVC then continent women. The MUI group also showed poor PFM elevation on contraction. Conversely, women with SUI had a timing problem on cough. Conclusion: The deficits in women with SUI and MUI appear to be very different. Notwithstanding, they all support the rationale for PFM exercise treatment in older women with SUI and MUI. However, the findings suggest the need for rehabilitation treatments specificity for each UI type.

O presente estudo validou para a Língua Portuguesa a escala de graduação do paciente com hidrocefalia de pressão normal (HPN) desenvolvida na Língua Inglesa como \"Grading scale for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus\". Duas traduções independentes da escala de HPN foram feitas por médicos brasileiros, fluentes na Língua Inglesa. Após harmonização dessas, a tradução resultante foi retrotraduzida independentemente por dois outros médicos, que desconheciam a escala original. Seguiu-se a última tradução e revisão para a Língua Portuguesa por uma profissional tradutora da área da saúde. A comparação da versão final traduzida com a escala original foi realizada pelo comitê multiprofissional que não estava envolvido no processo de tradução, pontuando-se para item distúrbio de marcha: 0 ausente; 1 marcha instável, mas independente; 2 anda com um apoio; 3 anda com 2 apoios ou andador e 4 não é possível andar. No item demência: 0 ausente; 1 sem demência aparente, mas apático; 2 socialmente dependente, mas independente na residência; 3 parcialmente dependente na residência e 4 totalmente dependente. Incontinência Urinária: 0 ausente; 1 ausente, mas com polaciúria ou urgência miccional; 2 às vezes, apenas à noite e 4 frequente. Para obtenção da pontuação final, devem-se somar os itens, sendo que, quanto maior o escore final, maior comprometimento do paciente. O resultado foi pré-testado em um estudo-piloto. A versão final da escala de HPN para o Português, bem como as escalas de equilíbrio de Berg, índice de marcha dinâmica e \"timed up and go\" foram aplicadas simultaneamente em cento e vinte e um pacientes consecutivos com diagnóstico médico de hidrocefalia de pressão normal (setenta e três homens e quarenta e oito mulheres) que procuraram o Ambulatório de Hidrodinâmica Cerebral, da Divisão de Neurocirurgia Funcional do Instituto de Psiquiatria do Hospital das Clínicas de São Paulo da FMUSP, no período de julho de 2010 a março de 2012. Foram testadas as propriedades psicométricas do questionário, como confiabilidade e validade. A idade mediana foi de 71,09 anos (intervalo de 35 a 92 anos). O período médio de reteste para a escala de HPN foi de sete dias. Nenhuma alteração do formato original da escala foi observada no final do processo de tradução e adaptação cultural. O grau de concordância e reprodutividade foi alta, como demonstrado pela medida de concordância Kappa, com excelente correlação intraobservador para itens da escala de HPN individualmente avaliados: marcha (0,8), demência (0,90) e incontinência (0,87). Na análise interobservador, o resultado foi excelente, com item marcha (0,91), demência (0,86) e incontinência (0,87). A correlação entre a escala de HPN com as demais escalas foi considerada de moderada a satisfatória para a maioria dos itens, variando de -,069 a 0,55 na correlação de Pearson. A avaliação individual entre escalas sobre os itens incontinência urinária, demência e marcha foram também satisfatórias e estatisticamente significantes. A versão para o Português da escala de graduação do paciente com HPN foi traduzida e validada com sucesso para aplicação em pacientes brasileiros de ambos os sexos, apresentando satisfatória confiabilidade e validade / The current study validated to Portuguese language the graduation scale for patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) developed on English language as \"Grading scale for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus\". Two translations independent of NPH scale were done by Brazilian doctors, fluent on English language. After harmonization of both, the resulting translation was back-translated independently by two other doctors, that unaware to the original scale. Followed the last translation and revision to Portuguese language by a professional translator of health area. The comparison of last translated version with original scale was performed by one multiprofessional committee not involved on translation process. Was established specific punctuation to components of NPH classical triad, the punctuation to gait: 0 absent; 1 unstable gait, but independent; 2 walk with a support; 3 walk with 2 supports or walker an 4 is not possible to walk. On dementia item: 0 absent; 1 without apparent dementia, but apathetic; 2 socially dependent, but independent on resistance; 3 partial dependent on resistance and totally dependent. Urinary incontinence: 0 absent, 1 absent but with pollakisuria or urinary urgency, 2 sometimes, just at night; 3 sometimes even during the day and 4 frequently. The obtained final punctuation was given by summation of three items, and the higher the final punctuation, greater involvement of the patient. The result was pre-tested in a pilot study. The last version of NPH to Portuguese, as well the Berg balance scales, Dynamic Gait Index and \"timed up and go\" were applied simultaneously in 121 consecutive patients with medical diagnostic of normal pressure hydrocephalus (73 men and 48 women) who sought the Ambulatory of Cerebral Hydrodynamics, Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Institute of Psychiatry, Hospital das Clínicas in Sao Paulo from FMUSP, on period July / 2010 to march / 2012. The psychometric properties, reliability and validity of questionnaire were tested. The mean age was 71,09 years, ranging from 35 to 92 years. The period of mean retest was 7 days. None change to the original format of the scale was observed at the end of the translation process and cultural adaptation. The rate of agreement and reproducibility was high, as confirmed by measure of agreement of Kappa, with excellent intra-observer correlation for NPH scale items individually evaluated: gait (0,80), dementia (0,90) and incontinence (0,87). The correlation between the NPH scale with the other scales was considered moderate to satisfactory for most items, ranging from - 069 to 0.55 in Pearson correlation. The individual evaluation between scales on the items on urinary incontinence, dementia and gait were also satisfactory and stistically significant. The Portuguese version of the graduation scale for patients with NPH was successfully translated and validated for use in Brazilian patients of both genders, with satisfactory reliability and validity

But: Cette étude a pour but de comparer : a)la morphologie du plancher pelvien (PP), du col vésical et du sphincter urogénital strié (SUS) par IRM et b) la fonction du PP par palpation digitale (PERFECT scheme) chez les femmes âgées continentes ou avec incontinence urinaire à l’effort (IUE) et mixte (IUM). Méthode: Les femmes ont appris à contracter correctement leur PP et la fonction de leur PP a été évaluée. Une séance d’IRM dynamique 3T a suivi. Résultats: 66 femmes ont participé à l’étude. Les groupes étaient similaires en âge, IMC, nombre d’accouchements vaginaux et d’hystérectomie. La validité et la fidélité des différentes mesures anatomiques utilisées ont été confirmées au début de cette étude. Afin de contrôler l’effet potentiel de la taille du bassin sur les autres paramètres, les femmes ont été appariées par la longueur de leur inlet pelvien. Les femmes avec IUM ont un PP plus bas et un support des organes pelviens plus faible, selon leurs ligne M, angle LPC/Ligne H et hauteur de la jonction urétro-vésicale (UV). Les femmes avec IUE ont un PP similaire à celui des continentes, mais présentent plus d’ouverture du col vésical et un angle UV postérieur plus large au repos que les autres groupes. Il n’y a aucune différence de morphologie du SUS entre les groupes. De plus, selon les résultats du PERFECT scheme, les femmes avec IU ont une force du PP plus faible que les continentes. Les femmes avec IUM montrent aussi une faible élévation des muscles du PP à la contraction. Les femmes avec IUE ont, quant à elle, un problème de coordination à la toux. Conclusion: Les déficits causant l’IUE et l’IUM sont différents, mais supportent tous le rationnel des exercices du PP pour le traitement de l’IUE et l’IUM. Ces résultats supportent le besoin de traitements de rééducation spécifiques aux déficits de chacun des types d’IU. / Aims: The study’s aim was to compare: a) pelvic floor muscle (PFM), bladder neck and urethral sphincter morphologies using MRI and b) PFM function using digital palpation (PERFECT scheme) in continent women, women with stress (SUI) and mixed (MUI) urinary incontinence. Method: Women were taught how to perform PFM contractions correctly and their PFM function was assessed, then each woman completed a dynamic 3T MRI session. Results: 66 women participated in the study. Groups were similar for age, BMI, vaginal deliveries and hysterectomies. Validity and reliability of the different anatomical measures used has been confirmed at the beginning of the study. To control for the potential effect of pelvic size on study parameters, women were matched based on pelvic inlet length. MUI women seemed to have lower PFM resting position and pelvic organ support at rest, based on their M-Line, PCL/H-Line angle and urethrovesical (UV) junction height. However, SUI women seemed to have a PFM morphology similar to that of continent women, but presented a greater occurrence of bladder neck funnelling and a larger posterior UV angle. There were no differences in urethral sphincter morphology between the 3 groups. Functionally, as shown by the PERFECT scheme results, both UI groups had poorer PFM strength on MVC then continent women. The MUI group also showed poor PFM elevation on contraction. Conversely, women with SUI had a timing problem on cough. Conclusion: The deficits in women with SUI and MUI appear to be very different. Notwithstanding, they all support the rationale for PFM exercise treatment in older women with SUI and MUI. However, the findings suggest the need for rehabilitation treatments specificity for each UI type.