Submitted by Rosina Valeria Lanzellotti Mattiussi Teixeira (rosina.teixeira@unisantos.br) on 2017-10-16T18:19:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Mateus Catalani Pirani.pdf: 1948846 bytes, checksum: 05fed3945d9aba3cf4bf6d2a0e6080b1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-16T18:19:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mateus Catalani Pirani.pdf: 1948846 bytes, checksum: 05fed3945d9aba3cf4bf6d2a0e6080b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-11 / Interdisciplinary study in applied Social Sciences area, establishing relations between Human Rights, Digital and International developed as master¿s thesis, the present work brings qualitative research on the universalization of the Internet, with Human rights approach in the current world-wide scenery. The appearance of a technological society and the impacts that the Internet imposes on an international scenery, they bring questions connected with the human rights. From the Internet it is possible to create new levels of relationship, which does so that it stops being a tool of studies and starts to be used like a communication way between the persons. Being so, the reason to be of this work results from the necessity of which this communication is within reach of all, in other words from his universalization. Such universalization must be understood as it forms one of human rights realization, be in function of the freedom of expression, of the right to the information or of other rights connected with the human dignity. Human rights off-line must be also online proteges. Besides, the universalization of the Internet can be understood like a human right in herself, in the direction of avoiding that a digital exclusion takes place in current social contemporary fact. The thematic seal in the analysis of the Internet like a social phenomenon, as well as like his relationship with rights, in order that there is drawn a view that allows the defense of the universalization of the Internet while it leaves from the outline of the human rights. / Estudo interdisciplinar na área de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, que estabelece relação entre Direitos Humanos, Direito Internacional e Direito Digital desenvolvido como Dissertação de Mestrado, o presente trabalho traz pesquisa qualitativa sobre a universalização da internet, com enfoque de Direitos Humanos no atual cenário mundial. O surgimento de uma sociedade tecnológica e os impactos que a Internet impõe ao cenário internacional, trazem questões ligadas aos direitos humanos. A partir da Internet é possível criar novos níveis de relacionamento, o que faz com que ela deixe de ser uma ferramenta de estudos e passe a ser utilizada como um meio de comunicação entre as pessoas. Sendo assim, a razão de ser desse trabalho advém da necessidade de que essa comunicação esteja ao alcance de todos, ou seja de sua universalização. Tal universalização deve ser entendida como uma forma de concretização de direitos humanos, seja em função da liberdade de expressão, do direito à informação ou de outros direitos ligados à dignidade humana. Direitos humanos off-line devem ser também protegidos on-line. Além disso, a universalização da Internet pode ser entendida como um direito humano em si, no sentido de evitar que ocorra uma exclusão digital em uma atual realidade contemporânea social. A temática foca na análise da Internet como um fenômeno social, bem como como seu relacionamento com direitos, a fim de se traçar um panorama que permita a defesa da universalização da Internet enquanto parte do arcabouço dos direitos humanos.

本研究主要目的是探討現今人們透過電腦中介傳播系統(computer-mediated communication, CMC)發展出的人際情感親密關係。研究動機是基於網路目前的風行以及研究需要，並視網路為「虛擬情境」，稱此通道下之人際情感親密關係為「虛擬人際關係」，與親身接觸發展出的人際關係有相同與相異之處。 　　本研究整理1970年左右迄今「電腦中介傳播」從「媒介選擇」、「人際互動」到「人際關係」，從強調網路工作效益至人際效果的研究歷程。「媒介選擇」包括「去線索理論」中的社會臨場感理論、媒介豐富理論、缺乏社會情境線索假說等，以及強調社會影響的社會資訊處理觀點；「人際互動」則分為網路人際情感、網路中的語言與非語言線索、比較電腦中介傳播與面對面兩種人際互動等加以說明；另著重在網路人際關係的文獻探討，詳述walther以「社會資訊處理觀點」看電腦中介傳播人際關係的研究，並也說明可用在網路研究的人際傳播理論。文中提到電腦中介傳播人際情感親密關係研究之重要，並敘述與本研究－「虛擬人際關係」相關的理論與說法。 　　研究探討的重心有三：1. 欲了解「虛擬人際關係」的發展與組成，以及這種人際情感網絡對於現實生活中人際網絡具替代或互補作用；2. 了解「虛擬人際關係」與親身接觸人際情感關係的異同；3. 找出人們尋求「虛擬人際關係」的原因。 　　本研究以電子布告欄(Bulletin Board System, BBS)為研究情境，選擇清大電機BBS站心情類版為研究個案，採用俗民方法學的態度，以觀察、親身參與其人際互動、社會網絡分析、深度訪談、電子郵寄問卷等方式探討BBS中的人際親密關係與情感支持。 　　研究結果發現「虛擬人際關係」網絡對大多數使用者為人際網絡之擴大；其發展過程與親身傳播人際感情關係發展過程類似，也會有自我表白、分享、了解等親密關係與情感互動，但「匿名」、文字互動、想像與期待、與異性交往多、轉移傳播情境會有落差等，是兩人際關係發展不同之處。而「虛擬人際關係」的組成還必須要有電腦網路「匿名」、情感使用、虛擬情境等特質，以及使用者有電腦網路經驗、技巧、媒介接近性、學科背景、個人特質（個性、偏好）等條件，這些不同於親身接觸的人際情感關係的組成與發展因素，也是使用者去尋求「虛擬人際關係」，得到情感與親密之因。 　　因此，「虛擬人際關係」可以使人發展親密關係並有情感互動，它無法替代實際人際情感親密關係，人們也不可能脫離現實的人際互動，但即是如此，由電腦中介傳播媒介建構的情境卻可以是一處情感交流與宣洩的地方，科技進步也可有溫情的人際效果。 / The study mainly attempts to explore intimate and emotional interpersonal relationship through the computer-mediated communication(CMC) ,orthe Internet, which is regarded as a "Virtual context". The relationship is named as "virtual relationship" which is different from face-to-face(FTF) one. 　　The study examined several related researches from 1970s on "media choice theory" and "interpersonal interaction". The former includes social presence theory, media richness theory and social information processing(SIP) theory. The latter combs the differences in the interpersonal emotion, ve.rbal/nonverbal cues and human interaction between the CMC and FTF chanell. and interpersonal relationship .Besides, the author describes Walther's SIP theory a lot and suggests it can also be applied to the research of internet-based interpersonal communication. The study also suggests that the most important in the research of CMC is to undesrstand the connection among the users, especially in emotion and intimacy. 　　There are three points in the research:(1)the development and constitution of the virtual relationships, (2)the difference in between virtual and FTF relationships, (3)finding out the reasons why people come to virtual relationships. 　　The methods of the study include ethnographic participant observation, social network analysis, depth interview and E-mail questionnaire to discuss the internet- based interpersonal intimate relationships and emotion support. The "feeling", "manwoman" and "love" boards at NTHU were chosen to be the case study . 　　The results find that "virtual relationship" is most BBS-users's expansion of their social networks. The developing process of virtual relationship is similar to that of FTF relationship, including self-disclosure, sharing and understanding.The different, however, fall on nicknames, verbal interaction, image and anticipation in the BBS. In addition to the development, the constitution of virtual relationships is based upon nicknames, use of emotion, users' idiosyncrasy, BBS experiences and computer skills that are also the reasons why people need virtual relationships. 　　Virtual relationship, therefore, enables one to develop intimate relations and share each other's feelings. However, the interpersonal relationship under FTF remains unreplaceable. No one can do without the interaction. Even so, the "virtual context" still provides a space for the expression and sharing ones' emotions; therefore, technology progresses also promote the warmth in interpersonal relationships.

網路技術的發展與進步，改變了人們日常生活中的溝通習慣，也讓網路成為人際溝通與獲取資訊的主要來源。對於尋求日常生活不論食、衣、住、行各類資訊的民眾而言，網路無疑是一種既快速又便利的取得資訊來源。透過彼此使用、購買經驗分享與傳授，網友們相互提供的口碑資訊得以在網路的虛擬空間裡不斷地累積擴散。其中，香水虛擬社群成員間的互動與口碑訊息交流，為本研究所感興趣欲進一步研究的議題。 本研究以虛擬社群台大PTT Perfume 板的成員為調查對象，以社會資本理論歸結出的成員特性: 相似性、認同感及信任感三構念，來探討影響社群使用者知識分享交流的動機與其對網路口碑訊息傳遞的影響；另以訊息訴求與訊息框架二構念來研究其對社群使用者溝通效果及後續口碑傳播意願的關聯。本研究以「問卷調查法」進行資料的蒐集，共蒐集有效樣本問卷227 份，使用SPSS 18.0 來進行資料分析，以檢驗本研究模型和相關假說。 研究結果發現: (一)、社群成員的「相似性」不論對成員間的「知識貢獻」、「知識欲求」與「口碑傳播意願」，均有顯著正向的影響。社群成員的「認同感」對成員間的「知識貢獻」與「口碑傳播意願」，有顯著正向的影響；但對成員的「知識欲求」則無顯著影響。社群成員的「信任感」對成員間的「知識欲求」有顯著正向的影響；但對成員的「知識貢獻」與「口碑傳播意願」則無顯著影響。(二)、「正面框架」的訊息表達方式，以及不論「理性」、「感性」、或「自我象徵」的訊息訴求，對於社群使用者均能帶來正向顯著的「溝通效果」；另外，訊息的「溝通效果」，會對社群成員網路口碑傳播的意願帶來顯著正向的影響。(三)、最後，Perfume 板虛擬社群成員間的「知識交流」程度，亦會對社群內的「口碑傳播意願」帶來顯著正向的影響。 / The development and progress of Internet technology has changed human communication, especially interpersonal communication and information searching. Moreover, the Internet has become a convenient communication channel in our daily life for gathering product-related information. Product users can share their purchase and usage experience with one another over the virtual network and the impact of online word-of-mouth is escalating. Accordingly, this study is to discuss the sharing and transmission of the online word-of-mouth about perfume among the virtual community members. Data were collected by an online questionnaire survey from 227 members of PTT_Perfume, which is one of the most famous virtual communities in the area of BBS. The study incorporates similarity, identification, and trust from the perspective of the social capital theory to discuss the knowledge sharing intention and their influences on the word-of-mouth transmission；Besides, it investigates how the message appeals and message framing affect the communication effect and how online word-of-mouth spreads among the virtual community. The data analysis was conducted using SPSS 18.0. The findings of this research reveals that community similarity is positively associated with the knowledge sharing and the intention of online word-of-mouth transmitting；Identification is positively associated with the knowledge contribution and the intention of online word-of-mouth transmitting；Trust is only positively associated with the knowledge acquisition. Second, positive framing, rational, emotional and self-expressive appeals all have positive influences on communication effect. Finally, the communication effect of messages and the degree of knowledge sharing both have positive impacts on the intention of online word-of-mouth transmission.

隨著網際網路的發展，人們花費更多時間群聚在網路空間裡活動，實體社群 的概念也因此延伸至虛擬網路中。在網路空間瀏覽時，可以看到相當多主題和性 質不盡相同的線上虛擬社群，例如：提供人們交誼聯繫的社群、或是以論壇討論 形式存在，讓人們對共同的興趣討論和分享資訊的帄台。其中，資訊瀏覽和分享 的交流以及人際往來討論的互動，是網友參與虛擬社群的核心活動，故不論對哪 種虛擬社群來說，擁有一個良好的資訊交流和互動環境是相當重要的，也成員社 群經營者關心的問題。 本研究以探究社會群體活動特性的社會資本為基礎，將過去學者所定義的社會資本三構面：認知面（cognitive dimension）、結構面（structural dimension）、關係面（relational dimension），應用至虛擬社群成員交流互動的參與行為探討，並選擇在台灣具有代表性的虛擬社群–Facebook 和Mobile01 作為研究對象，Facebook 是讓參與成員和朋友維持社交友誼的社群，Mobile01 則是讓對相同主題有興趣的成員一起交流討論的社群，兩個虛擬社群主要內容和群聚成員參與的動機和目的都不盡相同，各代表了不同性質種類的虛擬社群。研究結果發現不同構面的社會資本對於成員在社群內交流互動的參與行為有不同程度的影響，而不同性質的虛擬社群在同一構面的社會資本下對於參與成員的行為債向也會有不同程度的影響。 / With the rapid development of internet, much more people have spent much more time surfing through internet. The concept of community in the real life also extends to the virtual network. There are so many kinds of virtual community in the virtual network space that it provide different content and benefit for members, including social contacts and common topic discussion. Actually, the information sharing and interpersonal social interactions are the core activities for members in the virtual communities. Therefore, it is important to form a good environment in the virtual communities. This research uses social capital, constituting cognitive dimension, structural dimension and relational dimension, to examine the behavior of members in virtual communities. We choose two different types of virtual community, Facebook and Mobile01, as our sampling source. Facebook provides members to stay in touch with their friends, and Mobile01 provides members to discuss common topic of conversation and interest. Therefore, members in these virtual community have different purpose and motivation. The results found that different social capital can influence members’ behavior in different ways. Also, different types of virtual communities can influence members’ behavior in different ways through the same social capital dimension.

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This paper addresses a new conceptual framework for a communitybased project management learning model that aims to support learning within a project and enhance the distribution of knowledge within a particular virtual community. This model also aims to develop a virtual community of doctoral students, who can manage their own projects online with other community members who have the same interest. In order to develop that model, a checklist of community-based project management process has been developed in the light of the literature review and the needs of stakeholders (doctoral students and researchers). Within this model, community-based project management includes three main elements: community, project and management. In relation to project, there are two main sub elements. First is projectbased learning (PBL), which is based on constructivist perspective of learning that make students construct their knowledge when they work together to accomplish specific goals. Second is the project management body of knowledge (PMBOK), which is a project management guide, and an internationally recognized standard [PMBOK Guide, 2004], that provides the fundamentals of project management as they apply to a wide range of projects, including construction, software, engineering, automotive, so the study deploy this approach to scaffold based project management learning model. In the terms of the community element, this study adopted the community of inquiry model, which defines a good e-learning environment through three major aspects: cognitive presence, social presence and teaching presence. The last element which is addressed in this study called knowledge management. After identifying these elements, this study investigates a range of tools in the light of this model. The study analyses six different learning and content management systems (OPAL, Moodle, Joomla, e107, ZMS and TUDWCMS) in order to find out tool(s) that is/are sufficient for implementing the suggested study model.

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This study tried to have an exploratory study about the cross-cultural effect of the content of the message board by examining the sitcom programs both broadcasted in Japan and Taiwan. The theory of Individualism versus Collectivism from Hofstede is used as a basis of this study. Moreover, the other factors such as country of origin and viewers’ profile have specific effects toward our findings as well. The content analysis was applied to analyze the data collected from the message board. The practical research relates to the objective of customers and the segmentation of products by analyzing the data of a company. There are important implications of cross-cultural customers and marketing practices according to this research. The future research is expected by examining other aspects of relative issues.