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91	Model-based federation of systems of modelling / Fédération dirigée par les modèles des systèmes de modélisation Kamdem Simo, Freddy 26 September 2017 (has links) L'ingénierie des systèmes complexes et systèmes de systèmes conduit souvent à des activités de modélisation (MA) complexes. Les problèmes soulevés par les MA sont notamment : comprendre le contexte dans lequel elles sont exécutées, comprendre l'impact sur les cycles de vie des modèles qu'elles produisent, et finalement trouver une approche pour les maîtriser. L'objectif principal de cette thèse est d'élaborer une approche formelle pour adresser ce problème. Dans cette thèse, après avoir étudié les travaux connexes en ingénierie système et plus spécifiquement ceux qui portent sur la co-ingénierie du système à faire (le produit) et du système pour faire (le projet), nous développons une méthodologie nommée MODEF pour traiter ce problème. MODEF consiste en: (1) Caractériser les MA comme un système et plus généralement une fédération de systèmes. (2) Construire de manière itérative une architecture de ce système via la modélisation du contenu conceptuel des modèles produits par MA et leur cycle de vie, les tâches réalisées au sein des MA et leurs effets sur ces cycles de vie. (3) Spécifier les attentes sur ces cycles de vie. (4) Analyser les modèles (des MA) par rapport à ces attentes (et éventuellement les contraintes sur les tâches) pour vérifier jusqu'à quel point elles sont atteignables via la synthèse des points (ou états) acceptables. D'un point de vue pratique, l'exploitation des résultats de l'analyse permet de contrôler le déroulement des tâches de modélisation à partir de la mise en évidence de leur impact sur les modèles qu'elles produisent. En effet, cette exploitation fournit des données pertinentes sur la façon dont les MA se déroulent et se dérouleraient de bout en bout. A partir de ces informations, il est possible de prendre des mesures préventives ou correctives. Nous illustrons cela à l'aide de deux cas d'étude (le fonctionnement d'un supermarché et la modélisation de la couverture fonctionnelle d'un système). D'un point de vue théorique, les sémantiques formelles des modèles des MA et le formalisme des attentes sont d'abord données. Ensuite, les algorithmes d'analyse et d'exploitation sont présentés. Cette approche est brièvement comparée avec des approches de vérification des modèles et de synthèse de systèmes. Enfin, deux facilitateurs de la mise en œuvre de MODEF sont présentés. Le premier est une implémentation modulaire des blocs de base de MODEF. Le second est une architecture fédérée (FA) des modèles visant à faciliter la réutilisation des modèles formels en pratique. La formalisation de FA est faite dans le cadre de la théorie des catégories. De ce fait, afin de construire un lien entre abstraction et implémentation, des structures de données et algorithmes de base sont proposés pour utiliser FA en pratique. Différentes perspectives sur les composantes de MODEF concluent ce travail. / The engineering of complex systems and systems of systems often leads to complex modelling activities (MA). Some challenges exhibited by MA are: understanding the context where they are carried out and their impacts on the lifecycles of models they produce, and ultimately providing a support for mastering them. How to address these challenges with a formal approach is the central challenge of this thesis. In this thesis, after discussing the related works from systems engineering in general and the co-engineering of the system to be made (product) and the system for make (project) systems specifically, we position and develop a methodology named MODEF, that aims to master the operation of MA. MODEF consists in: (1) characterizing MA as a system (and more globally as a federation of systems) in its own right; (2) iteratively architecting this system through: the modelling of the conceptual content of the models produced by MA and their life cycles, the tasks carried out within MA and their effects on these life cycles; (3) specifying the expectations over these life cycles and; (4) analysing models (of MA) against expectations (and possibly tasks constraints) - to check how far expectations are achievable - via the synthesis of the acceptable behaviours. On a practical perspective, the exploitation of the results of the analysis allows figuring out what could happen with the modelling tasks and their impacts on the whole state of models they handle. We show on two case studies (the operation of a supermarket and the modelling of the functional coverage of a system) how this exploitation provides insightful data on how the system is end-to-end operated and how it can behave. Based on this information, it is possible to take some preventive or corrective actions on how the MA are carried out. On the foundational perspective, the formal semantics of three kinds of involved models and the expectations formalism are first discussed. Then the analysis and exploitation algorithms are presented. Finally this approach is roughly compared with model checking and systems synthesis approaches. Last but not least, two enablers whose first objectives are to ease the implementation of MODEF are presented. The first one is a modular implementation of MODEF's buildings blocks. The second one is a federated architecture (FA) of models which aims to ease working with formal models in practice. Despite the fact that FA is formalised within the abstract framework of category theory, an attempt to bridge the gap between abstraction and implementation is sketched via some basic data structures and base algorithms. Several perspectives related to the different components of MODEF conclude this work. Modélisation interopérable Architecture dirigée par les modèles Système-Exigences-Analyse Sémantique des modèles Espace d'états Formalisme Assomption/Préférence Réutilisation des modèles Théorie des catégories Méthodologie MODEF Complexity Model-based Systems Engineering Interoperable modelling System-Requirements-Analysis Structure, process and state models Semantics of models State space Assumption/Preference formalism Model reuse Category theory
92	A Teoria da assunção do risco e a prática esportiva, análise à luz do direito civil-constitucional. / The theory assumption of risk and the sporting activity in acordance with the civil constitucional law. Carlos Eduardo Guerra de Moraes 22 December 2011 (has links) O presente trabalho analisa a teoria da assunção do risco, que se originou no Direito francês com influência do commow Law, aplicável na atividade desportiva à luz dos princípios e valores do Direito Civil-Constitucional. O risco é estudado a partir dos conceitos de liberdade e dignidade, demonstrando que a liberdade não é absoluta, limitada pela dignidade. Nesta acepção, surge o risco, inerente à natureza humana, que é fruto da liberdade, portanto, também, pela dignidade. Na atividade desportiva, o risco é inseparável, o atleta na busca pela superação o assume naturalmente. Assim, a teoria da assunção do risco só se legitima, se presentes o respeito aos valores e princípios constitucionais, principalmente, a dignidade e aceitabilidade social, fatores vitais no estudo dos danos causados na prática desportiva. Por fim, se legítima a aceitação do risco, haverá exclusão do nexo causal. / This study analyzes the theory assumption of risk, which originated in French law with influence of commow law, applicable in the sporting activity base of the principles and values of the civil law-Constitutional. The risk is studied based on the concepts of freedom and dignity, showing that freedom is not absolute, limited dignity. In sports, as the risk is inseparable from the athlete in the pursuit of overcoming the naturally assume. Direito civil-constitucional Responsabilidade civil Risco Assunção, Liberdade Dignidade Pessoa natural Esporte Atividade desportiva Classificação dos esportes Aceitabilidade social Vulnerabilidade Exclusão Nexo causal Civil constitutional law Civil liability Risk assumption Freedom Dignity Person Sport Classification of sports Social acceptability Vulnerability Exclusion Causal nexus DIREITO PRIVADO
93	A Teoria da assunção do risco e a prática esportiva, análise à luz do direito civil-constitucional. / The theory assumption of risk and the sporting activity in acordance with the civil constitucional law. Carlos Eduardo Guerra de Moraes 22 December 2011 (has links) O presente trabalho analisa a teoria da assunção do risco, que se originou no Direito francês com influência do commow Law, aplicável na atividade desportiva à luz dos princípios e valores do Direito Civil-Constitucional. O risco é estudado a partir dos conceitos de liberdade e dignidade, demonstrando que a liberdade não é absoluta, limitada pela dignidade. Nesta acepção, surge o risco, inerente à natureza humana, que é fruto da liberdade, portanto, também, pela dignidade. Na atividade desportiva, o risco é inseparável, o atleta na busca pela superação o assume naturalmente. Assim, a teoria da assunção do risco só se legitima, se presentes o respeito aos valores e princípios constitucionais, principalmente, a dignidade e aceitabilidade social, fatores vitais no estudo dos danos causados na prática desportiva. Por fim, se legítima a aceitação do risco, haverá exclusão do nexo causal. / This study analyzes the theory assumption of risk, which originated in French law with influence of commow law, applicable in the sporting activity base of the principles and values of the civil law-Constitutional. The risk is studied based on the concepts of freedom and dignity, showing that freedom is not absolute, limited dignity. In sports, as the risk is inseparable from the athlete in the pursuit of overcoming the naturally assume. Direito civil-constitucional Responsabilidade civil Risco Assunção, Liberdade Dignidade Pessoa natural Esporte Atividade desportiva Classificação dos esportes Aceitabilidade social Vulnerabilidade Exclusão Nexo causal Civil constitutional law Civil liability Risk assumption Freedom Dignity Person Sport Classification of sports Social acceptability Vulnerability Exclusion Causal nexus DIREITO PRIVADO
94	Josefus i relation till Assumptio Mosis : en jämförande undersökning / Josephus in Relation to Assumptio Mosis : A Comparative Investigation Mänder, Peter January 2020 (has links) This essay is based on trying to understand the relationship that exists between Josephus’ writings and the pseudepigraph Assumptio Mosis. Although the comparisons made between the texts in this essay are not enough to give a definite answer, none of the examples exclude that Josephus may have used Assumptio Mosis as a primary source. Rather, there are indications in which a direct relationship between Josephus and Assumptio Mosis potentially could explain from where Josephus acquires some of his source material, especially for his narrative of the time period around 4 BCE–6 CE. / Denna uppsats bygger på att försöka förstå relationen som finns mellan Josefus skrifter och pseudepigrafen Assumptio Mosis. Även om jämförelserna som görs mellan skrifterna i denna uppsats inte räcker för att ge ett säkert svar i slutändan, utesluter inga av exemplen att Josefus kan ha använt Assumptio Mosis som direkt källa. Snarare finns indikationer i vilka en direkt relation mellan Josefus och Assumptio Mosis skulle kunna förklara varifrån Josefus hämtar en del av sitt källmaterial, inte minst för hans narrativ om tiden runt 4 f.v.t–6 v.t. biblical studies exegetics comparison intertextuality pseudepigrapha Assumption of Moses Testament of Moses Josephus Antiquities of the Jews The Wars of the Jews The Jewish War Judean War bibelvetenskap exegetik jämförelse intertextualitet pseudepigraf Mose himmelsfärd Mose testamente Josefus Judiska fornminnen Det judiska kriget Assumptio Mosis Antiquitates Judaicae Bellum Judaicum Philosophy, Ethics and Religion Filosofi, etik och religion
95	Unterstellungen / Überzeugungen, Fiktionen oder Hypothesen? Hildebrandt, Frauke 12 February 2007 (has links) Der Unterstellungsbegriff ist ein zentraler Begriff innerhalb transzendentaler Argumente. Transzendentale Argumente sind Versuche, empirische Erkenntnis stabiler zu sichern als durch empirische Erkenntnis selbst. Dabei müssten, heißt es immer wieder, bestimmte grundlegende Sachverhalte unterstellt werden. Was genau bedeutet hier „unterstellen“? Exemplarisch wird in dieser Arbeit Habermas’ Verwendung des Unterstellungsbegriffs und des eng verwandten Voraussetzungsbegriffs nachvollzogen und interpretiertHabermas verwendet seinen Kernbegriff nicht einheitlich, insbesondere unterscheidet er nicht zwischen semantischem und epistemischem Voraussetzungsbegriff. Im Gegensatz zum semantischen Voraussetzungsbegriff, der eine Relation zwischen Sachverhalten beschreibt, kennzeichnet der epistemische Voraussetzungsbegriff eine Relation zwischen einem epistemischen Subjekt und einem Sachverhalt. Mit der Verwendung des Ausdrucks Unterstellung konstruiert Habermas einen internen, konstitutiven Zusammenhang zwischen unserer Kommunikationsfähigkeit und grundlegend verschiedenen propositionalen, epistemischen Einstellungen, ohne dass diese terminologisch voneinander abgegrenzt werden. Handelt es sich um Fiktionen, Hypothesen oder um handfeste Überzeugungen? Der rekonstruierte Zusammenhang erweist sich in Abhängigkeit von der durch das Verb unterstellen jeweils ausgedrückten propositionalen Einstellung – doxastisch-affirmativ, doxastisch-negierende oder nicht-doxastisch - entweder als unverständlich oder als trivial. Die als notwendige Voraussetzungen benannten Unterstellungen haben aufgrund der Semantik des Ausdrucks unterstellen hinsichtlich ihres epistemischen Status’ also keinen klaren Sinn. Damit scheitert a fortiori auch Habermas’ Versuch, notwendige Unterstellungen als schwach transzendentale Grundlage kommunikativen Handelns zu bestimmen. Die Inakzeptanz transzendentaler Argumente – auch in ihrer nicht-metaphysischen, von Habermas favorisierten „schwachen“ Lesart – wird durch die Formulierung „unterstellen müssen“ als Bestandteil des Schlussprinzips oder einer Prämisse transzendentaler Argumente systematisch verschleiert. / The concept of presuppositions is central for transcendental arguments. Transcendental arguments are efforts to validate empirical knowledge more effectively than through empirical knowledge itself. According to widely held views some fundamental propositions have to be presupposed for that purpose. But what – precisely – does “to presuppose something” mean? This paper will exemplarily reconstruct and interpret the use of the concept of presupposition in Jürgen Habermas’ work: Habermas doesn’t use this central concept in a homogeneous, standardized way: In particular he does not distinguish between the semantic and the epistemological concept. In contrast to the semantic concept, which describes a relationship between propositions, the epistemological concept characterizes a relationship between an epistemological subject and a proposition. Moreover, using the term “presupposition”, Habermas constructs an internal, constitutive connection between our ability to communicate and fundamentally different propositional, epistemological attitudes, without distinguishing them from each other. Is it a matter of fictions, hypotheses or beliefs? The reconstructed connection appears to be either incomprehensible or trivial given its dependence on the verb “to presuppose”, which can imply the propositional attitude of doxastic-affirmative, doxastic-negating or non-doxastic. The presuppositions claimed to be essential are not clearly defined in terms of their epistemological status because of the semantics of the term to presuppose. Therefore, Habermas’ attempt to determine essential presuppositions as a transcendental basis for communication also fails a fortiori. The non-acceptance of transcendental arguments – even in their non-metaphysic interpretation favoured by Habermas – is disguised as constituent of the premise of the corpus by the phrase “to have to presuppose”. Erkenntnis Unterstellung Präsupposition Annahme Glauben Wissen Voraussetzung notwendige Voraussetzung Notwendigkeit transzendentales Argument logische Relation epistemische Einstellung kontrafaktisch widerlegliche Annahme Möglichkeit doxastisch-affirmativ doxastisch-negierend nicht-doxastisch Fiktion Hypothese transcendental argument possibility Presupposition supposition assumption belief knowledge epistemical attitude necessary illusions fiction hypothesis ideals critical theory pragmatics of communication 10 Philosophie CC 4800 CC 4400 ddc:100
96	New Heuristics for Planning with Action Costs Keyder, Emil Ragip 17 December 2010 (has links) Classical planning is the problem of nding a sequence of actions that take an agent from an initial state to a desired goal situation, assuming deter- ministic outcomes for actions and perfect information. Satis cing planning seeks to quickly nd low-cost solutions with no guarantees of optimality. The most e ective approach for satis cing planning has proved to be heuristic search using non-admissible heuristics. In this thesis, we introduce several such heuristics that are able to take into account costs on actions, and there- fore try to minimize the more general metric of cost, rather than length, of plans, and investigate their properties and performance. In addition, we show how the problem of planning with soft goals can be compiled into a classical planning problem with costs, a setting in which cost-sensitive heuristics such as those presented here are essential. / La plani caci on cl asica es el problema que consiste en hallar una secuencia de acciones que lleven a un agente desde un estado inicial a un objetivo, asum- iendo resultados determin sticos e informaci on completa. La plani caci on \satis cing" busca encontrar una soluci on de bajo coste, sin garant as de op- timalidad. La b usqueda heur stica guiada por heur sticas no admisibles es el enfoque que ha tenido mas exito. Esta tesis presenta varias heur sticas de ese g enero que consideran costes en las acciones, y por lo tanto encuentran soluciones que minimizan el coste, en lugar de la longitud del plan. Adem as, demostramos que el problema de plani caci on con \soft goals", u objetivos opcionales, se puede reducir a un problema de plani caci on clasica con costes en las acciones, escenario en el que heur sticas sensibles a costes, tal como las aqu presentadas, son esenciales. unfolded hyperpath STRIPS Steiner tree soft goal compilation set-additive heuristic soft goal search satisficing planning relaxed plan heuristic relaxed plan relaxation recursive conditioning planning domain planning landmark optimal planning oversubscription independence independence assumption inference landmark heuristic hypergraph heuristic heuristic search graph dtree delete relaxation cost constraint satisfaction conjunctive landmark classical planning complexity choice variable Bayesian network additive heuristic algorithm AND/OR graph action cost 62
97	Mary, Summa Contemplatrix in Denis the Carthusian Maroney, Fr. Simon Mary of the Cross, M. Carm. 25 May 2021 (has links) No description available. Ancient Languages Bible Biblical Studies Classical Studies Clergy Clerical Studies Cultural Anthropology European History European Studies Foreign Language Germanic Literature History Medieval History Medieval Literature Middle Ages Religion Religious Congregations Religious History Religious Education Social Research Spirituality Theology Mary Blessed Virgin Our Lady Denis the Carthusian Carthusian Order monasticism spirituality contemplation contemplative life mysticism union with God prayer extraordinary graces Mother of God Immaculate Conception Assumption monk cloister
98	INTERTEXTUALIZAÇÃO NA OBRA DE MARINA COLASANTI: O TEAR E O TECIDO Costa, Ivonete Ferreira da 23 March 2016 (has links) Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2016-12-12T17:45:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 IVONETE FERREIRA DA COSTA.pdf: 1144206 bytes, checksum: 112aea88b52fbaed3f56007447beaf47 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T17:46:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IVONETE FERREIRA DA COSTA.pdf: 1144206 bytes, checksum: 112aea88b52fbaed3f56007447beaf47 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-23 / The text brings the analysis of aspects of the literary discourse as the processes of construction of the scenes and the magical universe, in which the narratives of Marina Colasanti are realized, having as it shows the tales of the works Doze reis e a moca no labirinto do vento (2006): "The woman ramada", Uma ideia toda azul (2006): "Beyond the frame", "Between the leaves of green ó" and "Yarn after yarn". The general and specific objectives are to highlight and distinguish the encompassing and generic scenes present in the narratives, to identify the nature of the verbal sign in its relation to the nonverbal sign, and to analyze intertext resources, paratext, among others, as an artistic procedure. The narrative plans are approached, in which the characters are realized mimically, starting from the initial assumption formulated by Dominique Maingueneau. Non-verbal language is an invitation to read verbal language and vice versa. Both are associated with the signs that are constructed through the textual writing: loom and fabric. They can be seen now either explicitly or implicitly, and put in the service of a power that is realized by the act of reading. Thus, in the narrative text, there are traces of a speech in which the text is staged. / O texto traz a análise de aspectos do discurso literário como os processos de construção das cenas e o universo mágico, em que se realizam as narrativas de Marina Colasanti, tendo como mostra os contos das obras Doze reis e a moca no labirinto do vento (2006): “A mulher ramada”, Uma ideia toda azul (2006): “Além do bastidor”, “Entre as folhas do verde ó” e “Fio após fio”. Os objetivos geral e específicos são destacar e distinguir as cenas englobante e genérica presentes nas narrativas, identificar a natureza do signo verbal na sua relação com o signo não verbal e analisar recursos de intertexto, paratexto, entre outros, como procedimento artístico. Abordam-se os planos narrativos, nos quais se dá a realização dos personagens mimeticamente, partindo do pressuposto inicial formulado por Dominique Maingueneau. A linguagem não verbal é um convite à leitura da linguagem verbal e vice-versa. Ambas se associam aos signos que se constroem por meio da escritura textual: tear e tecido. Elas podem ser vistas ora de modo explícito, ora implícito, e se colocam a serviço de um poder que se realiza pelo ato de leitura. Assim, no texto narrativo, há rastros de um discurso em que o texto é encenado. LINGUISTICA, LETRAS E ARTES::LETRAS
99	Highway Development Decision-Making Under Uncertainty: Analysis, Critique and Advancement El-Khatib, Mayar January 2010 (has links) While decision-making under uncertainty is a major universal problem, its implications in the field of transportation systems are especially enormous; where the benefits of right decisions are tremendous, the consequences of wrong ones are potentially disastrous. In the realm of highway systems, decisions related to the highway configuration (number of lanes, right of way, etc.) need to incorporate both the traffic demand and land price uncertainties. In the literature, these uncertainties have generally been modeled using the Geometric Brownian Motion (GBM) process, which has been used extensively in modeling many other real life phenomena. But few scholars, including those who used the GBM in highway configuration decisions, have offered any rigorous justification for the use of this model. This thesis attempts to offer a detailed analysis of various aspects of transportation systems in relation to decision-making. It reveals some general insights as well as a new concept that extends the notion of opportunity cost to situations where wrong decisions could be made. Claiming deficiency of the GBM model, it also introduces a new formulation that utilizes a large and flexible parametric family of jump models (i.e., Lévy processes). To validate this claim, data related to traffic demand and land prices were collected and analyzed to reveal that their distributions, heavy-tailed and asymmetric, do not match well with the GBM model. As a remedy, this research used the Merton, Kou, and negative inverse Gaussian Lévy processes as possible alternatives. Though the results show indifference in relation to final decisions among the models, mathematically, they improve the precision of uncertainty models and the decision-making process. This furthers the quest for optimality in highway projects and beyond. highway development decision making under uncertainty real options jump processes infinitely divisible distributions Lévy processes measure theory characteristic function characteristic exponent Lévy jump measure probability measure cádlág stochastic process Wiener process Poisson process compound Poisson process finite activity models jump diffusion models Merton model Gaussian jump process Kou model double exponential jump process leptokurtic volatility smile infinite activity models pure jumps process generalized hyperbolic model modified Bessel function negative inverse Gaussian model geometric Brownian motion model log-normal distribution model normality assumption heavy-tailed distribution asymmetric distribution quantile-quantile plot Rydberg algorithm parameter calibration moments cummulants sum of squares Monte Carlo simulation least-squares regression backward dynamic programming discrete-time Markov chain land price traffic demand highway service quality index data collection traffic volume Annual Average Daily Traffic Ontario Ministry of Transportation Land Registry Office Freedom of Information Act seasonality value of transportation types of transportation systems importance of highway systems cost of wrong decisions monetary cost private sector cost human cost land expropriation environmental cost irreversibility cost factor time cost factor political cost factor opportunity cost opportunity cost of wrong decisions economic cost of wrong decisions economic cost of mis-estimation economic profit of wrong decisions cost of inaction price of making right decisions scope of decisions rehabilitation decision land acquisition decision expansion decision uncertainty modeling land acquisition cost expropriation cost construction cost material cost Montréal-Mirabel International Airport Pickering Airport 407 Express Toll Route Highway 407 Statistics
100	Highway Development Decision-Making Under Uncertainty: Analysis, Critique and Advancement El-Khatib, Mayar January 2010 (has links) While decision-making under uncertainty is a major universal problem, its implications in the field of transportation systems are especially enormous; where the benefits of right decisions are tremendous, the consequences of wrong ones are potentially disastrous. In the realm of highway systems, decisions related to the highway configuration (number of lanes, right of way, etc.) need to incorporate both the traffic demand and land price uncertainties. In the literature, these uncertainties have generally been modeled using the Geometric Brownian Motion (GBM) process, which has been used extensively in modeling many other real life phenomena. But few scholars, including those who used the GBM in highway configuration decisions, have offered any rigorous justification for the use of this model. This thesis attempts to offer a detailed analysis of various aspects of transportation systems in relation to decision-making. It reveals some general insights as well as a new concept that extends the notion of opportunity cost to situations where wrong decisions could be made. Claiming deficiency of the GBM model, it also introduces a new formulation that utilizes a large and flexible parametric family of jump models (i.e., Lévy processes). To validate this claim, data related to traffic demand and land prices were collected and analyzed to reveal that their distributions, heavy-tailed and asymmetric, do not match well with the GBM model. As a remedy, this research used the Merton, Kou, and negative inverse Gaussian Lévy processes as possible alternatives. Though the results show indifference in relation to final decisions among the models, mathematically, they improve the precision of uncertainty models and the decision-making process. This furthers the quest for optimality in highway projects and beyond. highway development decision making under uncertainty real options jump processes infinitely divisible distributions Lévy processes measure theory characteristic function characteristic exponent Lévy jump measure probability measure cádlág stochastic process Wiener process Poisson process compound Poisson process finite activity models jump diffusion models Merton model Gaussian jump process Kou model double exponential jump process leptokurtic volatility smile infinite activity models pure jumps process generalized hyperbolic model modified Bessel function negative inverse Gaussian model geometric Brownian motion model log-normal distribution model normality assumption heavy-tailed distribution asymmetric distribution quantile-quantile plot Rydberg algorithm parameter calibration moments cummulants sum of squares Monte Carlo simulation least-squares regression backward dynamic programming discrete-time Markov chain land price traffic demand highway service quality index data collection traffic volume Annual Average Daily Traffic Ontario Ministry of Transportation Land Registry Office Freedom of Information Act seasonality value of transportation types of transportation systems importance of highway systems cost of wrong decisions monetary cost private sector cost human cost land expropriation environmental cost irreversibility cost factor time cost factor political cost factor opportunity cost opportunity cost of wrong decisions economic cost of wrong decisions economic cost of mis-estimation economic profit of wrong decisions cost of inaction price of making right decisions scope of decisions rehabilitation decision land acquisition decision expansion decision uncertainty modeling land acquisition cost expropriation cost construction cost material cost Montréal-Mirabel International Airport Pickering Airport 407 Express Toll Route Highway 407 Statistics

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