Cette thèse de doctorat étudie les mouvements LGBT en Belgique, en France et en Espagne à travers une double comparaison (entre les cas et à travers le temps) qui intègre également les échanges et influences transnationaux et internationaux. Elle examine l’émergence et le développement de la revendication d’ouverture du mariage civil aux couples de même sexe dans ces pays, analysant les convergences en termes de contenu des demandes et de timing des mobilisations. Par conséquent, elle porte sur des convergences au niveau des mouvements sociaux, à l’inverse de la majeure partie de la littérature, qui se concentre sur les convergences de politiques publiques. Cette situation impose de construire une grille d’analyse basée sur la littérature sur les mouvements sociaux, les politiques publiques et les relations internationales (influence des normes internationales). Le développement des revendications relatives au droit au mariage a été retracé de manière généalogique depuis la fin des années 1980. La comparaison repose sur la méthode du most different systems design et un travail empirique important combinant analyse documentaire et entretiens a été réalisé. Cette thèse confirme l’importance de l’étude des échanges et des influences internationaux et transnationaux pour comprendre la politique domestique et insiste sur l’influence cruciale du réseautage transnational sur les revendications des mouvements sociaux. Elle révèle aussi quelques cas de diffusion entre mouvements sociaux et montre comment des caractéristiques et des contraintes communes peuvent inciter les mouvements sociaux à formuler des revendications similaires. Par ailleurs, les discours en faveur du droit au mariage ont été analysés avec soin. L’émergence de cette revendication a aussi été mise en perspective sur le plan historique, ce qui implique de réfléchir aux modalités de transformation des mouvements LGBT au cours des trente dernières années. Pour terminer, la notion de citoyenneté sexuelle a été interrogée et la manière dont l’accès à la citoyenneté a été posé a été examinée à partir du concept de resignification proposé par Judith Butler. This dissertation looks at LGBT movements in Belgium, France and Spain through a double comparison (between cases and through time), which also takes into account transnational and international exchanges and influences. It investigates the simultaneous emergence and development of same-sex marriage claims in these countries, examining convergences in the content of the claims and the timing of protest. Therefore, it looks at convergences at the level of social movements, unlike most of the literature, which focuses on convergences in public policies. This specific research interests implies building an analytical model based on the literature on social movements, public policies and international relations (influence of international norms). It has also required a genealogical account of the development of same-sex marriage claims in each country from the end of the eighties until now. The comparison is based on the most different systems design method, and an extensive field work combining archives analysis and interviews has been carried out. This dissertation confirms the importance of taking into account international and transnational exchanges and influences to understand domestic politics, and insists on the crucial influence of transnational networking on social movements claims. It also discloses some cases of diffusion between social movements and shows how common characteristics and constraints may induce social movements to make similar but independent decisions. Discourses in favour of same-sex marriage have been carefully analysed, and the emergence of this claim has been put into a historical perspective. This implies a reflection on the transformations of the LGBT movement over the last thirty years. Finally, this dissertation interrogates the notion of sexual citizenship and examines the specific mechanisms through which access to citizenship has been proposed, discussing Judith Butler’s concept of resignification.

This thesis explores aspects of what happened to the state Church of Sweden during the rise of the importance of public opinion and the evolution of the democratic nation state. Denmark provides the most well known Nordic example of how an old state Church became a democratic Folk (i.e. National) Church during this general transition. By comparing the Swedish with the Danish case, this study elucidates the less well known Folk Church ideology in Sweden. In Denmark a strong agrarian movement influenced by revivalism managed to take hold of public opinion making the state Church a part of the Danish national identity. Such a movement never appeared in the more industrialised Sweden. Instead a secular working class movement took hold of public and national opinion. The investigation is focused upon Harald Hallén (1884-1967), a pastor and a Social Democratic Member of Parliament. Lacking the revival elements of the Danish nationalism Hallén found that in order to get a Folk Church accepted within the secular Working class movement, it had to rest upon the heritage of the Enlightenment. Hallén regarded the Church as an expression of common ethical values within the Swedish nation. The Folk Church was supposed to strengthen existing ideals for a righteous socialist society by delivering the message of the Kingdom of God. Hallén strove to make the Church more democratic in order to express this ethical folk religion. Social Democratic nationalism became the dominant factor in Swedish political life between 1905 and 1933. The period was characterised by conflicts. First Hallén and those whom he represented fought against the Youth Church movement, which strove to establish another Folk Church ideology, by supporting the Swedish King against the rise of political Democracy. Later on, within his own Social Democratic party, Hallén fought his battle against the Marxist view of the state Church as a simple reflection of the dominant class. Hallén was in line with the political development, which resulted in a period of solid Social Democratic nation building from the 1930s onwards. From that decade on the Folk Church ideology of Hallén was established.

Esta Tesis Doctoral plantea como objetivo general verificar desde una óptica conceptual (Capítulo I), normativa (Capítulo II) y empírica (Capítulo III), si el resultado global -comprehensive income- presenta una mayor relevancia o calidad informativa que el resultado neto -net income-, en particular, para los inversores, considerados en el Marco Conceptual como usuarios de referencia.De este modo, el Capítulo I, hemos revisado los fundamentos teóricos sobre los que se sustenta el resultado global, particularmente en la literatura y regulación contables norteamericanas, destacando que con su adopción asistimos a un hecho trascendental para la Contabilidad como es el acercamiento al concepto de resultado económico, de especial interés para los suministradores de capital-riesgo. Sobre esa base conceptual, en el Capítulo II hemos realizado un estudio de normativa comparada a nivel internacional, evidenciándose un potente movimiento a favor de la adopción del resultado global, en el que se aprecia una tendencia a la convergencia con el modelo IASB, pero también se han constatado diferencias notables entre las normas que lo regulan en el concierto mundial, que dificultan la comparabilidad. Sobre esta base teórico normativa, en el Capítulo III, hemos desarrollado un estudio empírico con una muestra de 136 grupos empresariales europeos cotizados den NYSE y NASDAQ, tomando información de las reconciliaciones con los US GAAP en el período 1999-2004 cuando presentan cuentas a la SEC en los 20-F, tendente a evaluar a través de un conjunto de herramientas no paramétricas el impacto del comprehensive income frente al net income atendiendo a las variables año, tamaño y sector. Se han rechazado todas las hipótesis nulas formuladas, lo que nos lleva a afirmar que el impacto relativo del comprehensive income frente al net income presenta un elevado poder de discriminación entre los años del período 1999-2004, atendiendo al tamaño de los grupos empresariales, y en menor medida por sectores de actividad empresarial, lo que evidencia una mayor relevancia informativa del primero frente al segundo para los usuarios de la información financiera, en particular, para los inversores.En definitiva, tomando de forma integrada los resultados de las dimensiones conceptual, normativa y empírica, sobre las que ha discurrido esta Tesis Doctoral, hemos evidenciado que el comprehensive income presenta una mayor calidad informativa que el net income, de especial interés para los suministradores de capital-riesgo. / The aim of this Doctoral Thesis, from a conceptual (Chapter I), normative (Chapter II) and empirical (Chapter III) point of view, is to verify if comprehensive income shows greater relevance or information quality than net income, particularly for the investors, considered as reference users within the Conceptual Framework.In Chapter I we have reviewed the theoretical foundations on which comprehensive income is based, particularly in North American accounting regulation and literature, emphasizing that with its adoption we are witnessing a significant event in the world of Accounting as it is the approach to the concept of economic income, of special interest to capital-risk providers. On that conceptual base, in Chapter II we have made a comparative study on standards at the international level, demonstrating a powerful movement in favor of the adoption of comprehensive income, in which there is a noticeable tendency to the convergence with the IASB model, but remarkable differences have also been confirmed between the standards that regulate it on the global stage, which hinder comparability. On this normative theoretical base, in Chapter III we have developed an empirical study with a sample of 136 European corporate groups quoted on the NYSE and NASDAQ, taking information from the reconciliation with U.S. GAAP in the period between 1999-2004 when they file their annual reports with the SEC on Form 20-F, tending to evaluate, through a nonparametric set of tools, the impact of comprehensive income opposed to net income considering the year, size and sector variables. All the null hypotheses formulated have been rejected, which leads us to affirm that the relative impact of comprehensive income in comparison to net income presents a higher power of discrimination between the years 1999-2004, considering the size of the corporate groups, and to a lesser extent to business activity sectors, which in general terms shows a greater informative relevance of the first, as opposed to the second, for users of the financial information, particularly for the investors.In short, taking the results of the conceptual, normative and empirical dimensions as integrated, on this Doctoral Thesis has been developed, we have demonstrated that comprehensive income presents higher information quality than net income, of special interest to capital-risk providers.

Esta tesis doctoral tiene como objeto de estudio las políticas públicas de la televisión digital terrestre. Sus principales objetivos son determinar la pertinencia de la acción pública para afrontar la transición analógico-digital de la plataforma terrestre, analizar las principales tendencias de intervención e identificar qué estrategias y mecanismos contribuyen de manera más eficaz a completar la implantación de la TDT con éxito.Para ello, en la primera parte de la investigación se define un marco teórico sobre las políticas públicas de los medios. Además, se exploran las repercusiones de la digitalización sobre el sistema televisivo. En la segunda parte de la tesis, se analizan las líneas de intervención desarrolladas por la Unión Europea y cómo éstas han determinado un marco de referencia que condiciona la acción estatal. Por último, se efectúa un estudio comparado de las políticas públicas implementadas en Suecia y España, dos países pioneros en la implantación de la TDT en el contexto europeo. Sus experiencias permiten extraer lecciones que serán de utilidad para aquellos estados que deban afrontar la digitalización de la televisión terrestre en los próximos años. / This PhD dissertation analyses public policy dealing with the implementation of Digital Terrestrial Television. The main objectives of the research carried out were: determining the appropriateness of public intervention, analysing what its main tendencies are and identifying which strategies and policy mechanisms are the most effective ones in order to complete the switchover at the terrestrial platform. In the first part, a theoretical framework regarding public policy for the media is defined. In addition, the repercussions of digitalisation on the television system are analysed. In the second part of the dissertation, the research focuses on the policies carried out by the European Union's Institutions in order to asses how supranational actions condition the Member States' initiatives by means of defining a reference framework. Following that, the cases of Sweden and Spain are compared. Both countries have been pioneers concerning DTT implementation within the European context. Their rich experiences provide useful lessons for other countries that have to confront the digital transition of terrestrial broadcasting in the next few years.

Studien syftar till att undersöka förekomsten av hållbar utveckling i Lpo94, då vi utifrån våra erfarenheter inom skolan inte har sett någon undervisning för hållbar utveckling bedrivas. Ytterligare en anledning till att undersöka förekomsten är då Sverige ingår i flera internationella överenskommelser där det framkommer att undervisning för hållbar utveckling ska vara prioriterat. Då en ny läroplan, Lgr11, träder i kraft 1juli 2011 undersöktes även förekomsten av hållbar utveckling däri, då studien syftar till att undersöka huruvida det skett förändringar till fördel för undervisning för hållbar utveckling i Lgr11 i förhållande till Lpo94. Vid analysen av läroplanerna användes en metodtriangulering, i form av innehållsanalyser, textanalyser samt komparativa analyser. Inför analyserna fastställdes några kriterier som utgick från innebörden av hållbar utveckling, vilka hela studien sedan kom att bygga på. I resultatet framkom att hållbar utveckling förekommer i både Lpo94 samt i Lgr11 och att en mindre innehållslig utveckling har skett. I diskussionen belyses att alla delar, det vill säga de kriterier som studien utgick från, förekom, dock framkommer inte vikten av att undervisa för en hållbar utveckling utifrån ett helhetsperspektiv. Vidare förs en diskussion kring de förändringar gällande hållbar utveckling som skett i Lgr11 i förhållande till Lpo94 samt vilka orsaker som kan finnas till att vissa lärare inte bedriver en undervisning för hållbar utveckling. / The aim of this study is to research what levels of teaching sustainable development issues are to be found within Lpo94. Based on our own experience within school, it appears that sustainable development is barely apparent. This is despite the fact that Sweden is party to international agreements where it is specifically laid down that education for sustainable development has to be prioritised witch is a second major reason for undertaking this study. Another reason for the study into how far sustainable development actually occurs within Lpo94 arises from the fact that a new curriculum, Lgr11, is due to come into force on 1 July 2011. The study therefore in addition aims to ascertain whether in the Lgr11 curriculum the issue of sustainable development has been sufficiently and effectively taken forward from Lpo94. A method triangle was used as a tool when analysing the curricula, in a form of content analysis, text analysis and comparative analysis. Certain criteria were determined before the commencement of further studies based on our definition of sustainable development, on which the whole study would later build. The results showed, out of the criteria that the study took as its starting point, that sustainable development does appear in both curricula and that a small degree of progress has been made in Lgr11, however the importance of teaching sustainable development taken in its entirety is not shown to have been established. The actual developments of the teaching of sustainable development issues from the first to the new curriculum is not effectively apparent, nor are the wider reasons and underlying causes as to why some teachers do not include sustainable development as part of the education.

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights state that everyone has the right to good health. According to the conventions, the states have obligations to prevent and combat disease, and if necessary, ensure that the conditions for treatment of the disease are appropriate (UDHR 1948, UNCESCR 1966). The broad wording in the conventions on the right to good health includes the right to care of substance use disorders. In the 1960ies the World Health Organization recommended, that people with such disorders should be seen as sick and that the legislation governing such care should be in accordance with special administrative legislations and not criminal legislation. The recommendation indicates WHO:s clear position that persons with substance use disorders primarily should be treated as persons suffering from disease and in need of care, and not primarily as disruptive individuals or criminals who should be disciplined or punished. This applies also to situations when treatment and care cannot be provided on a voluntary basis, but compulsorily. In Swedish context, the most commonly mentioned law in these cases is the social special legislation Law (1988: 870) on care of misusers, special provisions (LVM). Ever since the implementation of LVM in 1982, its legal position as well as application in institutional care has been subject of critical discussions within social work as well as in social science research. Such debate in the Nordic countries has until now mostly been marked by two important limitations. First, most comparisons are restricted to very few countries, e.g. four of the Nordic countries; secondly the notion of involuntary care is often limited to social legislation on compulsory care without taking criminal justice legislation or mental health legislation into account. The present dissertation studies legislations on compulsory commitment to care of persons with substance use problems (CCC), and compares these legislations from a larger number of countries, on global or European levels. This approach makes it possible to explore the great variation in CCC legislation between countries, i.e. type of law (criminal justice, mental health care and social or special legislation),  time limits (maximum duration) as well as levels of ambition, ethical grounds, criteria for admission, and adaption to human and civil rights.  In addition, the comparisons between many countries are used to investigate factors related to different national choices in legislations from country characteristics, e.g. historical and cultural background as well as economic and social conditions, including level and type of welfare distribution. Available datasets from different times permits trend analyses to investigate whether CCC or specific types of such are increasing or decreasing internationally.          Empirical materials: Article I is based on three reports from the WHO on existence of CCC legislation, before the millennium shift, in 90 countries and territories in all populated continents. Articles II and IV are based on own data collection from a survey in 38 European countries. Article III uses a combination of those data and additional information from country reports in scientific and institutional publications in three times of observation during more than 25 years, and including a total of 104 countries. Additional data for Articles I and II are information on various countries' characteristics obtained from different international databases.          Findings based on data from WHO reports at the eve of the millennium show that CCC legislation was very common in the world, since 82 per cent of the 90 countries and territories had such law. Special administrative (“civil”) legislation (mental health or social) was somewhat more prevalent (56 %), but CCC in criminal justice legislation was also frequent and present in half of the countries. The study shows that economically stronger countries in the western world and many of the former communist countries in Eastern Europe, the so-called "first and second worlds" in cold war rhetoric, more often had adapted to the recommendations made by WHO in the 1960ies, with CCC more often regulated in civil legislation. In the so-called "third world" countries, CCC in criminal justice legislation dominated. The new data collection from 38 European countries ten years later confirmed that legislation on CCC is very common, since 74 per cent of the explored countries have some type of legislation. The most common type was now CCC in criminal legislation (45%), although special administrative legislation (mental health or social) was almost equally common (37%). Special administrative legislation on CCC (both acute and rehabilitative), was more common in countries with historic experience of a strong influential temperance movement, and in countries with distribution of health and welfare more directed through the state, while countries with less direct government involvement in distribution of health and welfare and lacking former influence of a strong temperance movement more often had CCC in criminal justice legislation. During all the 25 years period from early 80ies up to 2009, it was more common for countries to have some type of law on CCC than not, although some reduction of CCC legislation is shown, especially during the last decade. But within countries having CCC, more cases are compulsorily committed and for longer time duration. This is related to a global shift from civil CCC to CCC in criminal justice legislation, directly in the opposite direction from what WHO recommended in the 60ies. Changes in CCC legislation are often preceded with national political debate on ethical considerations, and criticisms questioning the efficiency and content of the care provided. Such national debates are frequent with all types of CCC legislation, but ethical considerations seem to be far more common related to special administrative (civil) legislation. National legislations on CCC within Europe should conform to the human and civil rights stipulated in ECHR (1950). There seems, to be some limitations in the procedural rules that should protect persons with misuse or dependence problems from unlawful detentions, regardless type of law. The three types of law differ significantly in terms of criteria for CCC, i.e. the situations in which care may be ensured regardless of consent.        Conclusions: It is more common that societies have legislation on CCC, than not. This applies internationally – in all parts of the world as well as over time, for a period of 25 years, at least. Sweden’s legislative position is not internationally unique; on the contrary, it is quite common. Law on CCC tend to be introduced in times of drug epidemics or when drug-related problems are increasing in a society. Changes in CCC legislation are often preceded by national debates on ethics, content and benefits of such care. These findings here discussed may reflect different concurrent processes. A shift from welfare logic to a moral logic may be understood as more moralization, perhaps due to relative awaking of traditionalism related to religious movements in various parts of the world (Christian, Hindu, Muslim or other). But it may also be understood from more libertarianism that stresses both individual responsibility for one’s welfare and the state´s responsibility to discipline behaviours that inflict negatively on the lives of others. Possibly do these two tendencies work in conjunction to one another. At the same time, however, there is a stronger emphasis on care content within criminal justice CCC, especially in the Anglo-Saxon drug court system. Some shift within Civil CCC is also noticed, i.e. from social to mental health legislation. Thus drug abuse and dependence is increasingly more recognized and managed in the same way as other diseases, i.e. an increased normalization. Since social CCC has been more in focus of research and debates, this may also result in CCC turning into a more hidden praxis, which from ethical perspectives is problematic. The thesis shows that there are examples of focus on humanity and care in all three of the law types, but there are also examples of passive care, sometimes even inhumane and repressive, in all types. Thus, type of law cannot be said to in general correspond to a specific content of care. Although CCC can be delivered in accordance with human and civil rights, there is still a dissatisfying situation concerning the procedural rights that should ensure the misuser his/her rights to freedom from unlawful detention. The possibility to appeal to a higher instance is missing in about 20 percent of European CCC laws, although not differentiating one type of legislation from the others. A clear difference between the three law types concerns criteria that form the basis for who will be provided care according to the laws. This is of major importance for which persons of the needy who will receive care: addicted offenders, out-acting persons or the most vulnerable. The criteria for selecting these relate to the implicit ambitions of CCC – correction, protection, or for support to those in greatest need for care. The question is what ambition a society should have concerning care without consent in case of substance abuse and addiction problems. The trend that CCC according to special administrative legislation is declining and criminal legislation increases in the world should therefore be noticed.     Keywords: Alcohol, drugs, substance misuse, coercive care, compulsory commitment to care, involuntary care, mandatory care, legislation, human and civil rights, comparative analysis, prediction models, and trend analysis / <p>Vid tidpunkten för disputationen var följande delarbeten opublicerade: delarbete 4 inskickat.</p><p>At the time of the doctoral defence the following papers were unpublished: paper 4 submitted.</p>

La tesi propone una lettura multilivello e situata delle dinamiche di genere e ha l’obiettivo di studiare, attraverso un approccio comparativo, il cambiamento degli atteggiamenti degli europei nei confronti dei ruoli femminili nella sfera pubblica, intesi come indicatori dei valori di parità. Lo studio utilizza dati di indagini transnazionali come l’European Values Study e l’Eurobarometro. Gli strumenti di rilevazione degli atteggiamenti inclusi in tali indagini sono stati valutati criticamente, testandone l’adeguatezza per l’analisi comparativa. L’analisi multilivello, condotta in 22 paesi europei, evidenzia il diverso apporto esplicativo dei fattori individuali e contestuali. Il cambiamento degli atteggiamenti dal 1988 al 2008, in 7 contesti culturali (tra cui le “Tre Italie”), si è concentrato sull’analisi dei trend, osservando le differenze di genere e generazione, sui meccanismi del cambiamento e i suoi predittori. I risultati confermano la rilevanza del contesto nello sviluppo di valori di parità e, per promuovere una cultura paritaria, invitano a fare leva sull’istruzione e sulla partecipazione al mercato del lavoro delle donne. Per poter ottenere questo, le società necessitano di riorganizzarsi soprattutto in termini di servizi e benefit a favore delle famiglie, in modo che il modello di relazione tra i generi basato sulla reciprocità sia effettivamente possibile. / The thesis studies the gender dynamics as a multilevel and situated concept. It aims to investigate, by a comparative perspective, the change of attitudes toward female roles in the public sphere, here assumed as indicators of egalitarian values. The study uses data from cross-national surveys as the European Values Study and the Eurobarometer. The scales included in these surveys are critically evaluated in order to test their adequacy for comparative analysis. The multilevel analysis, performed in 22 European countries, shows the different contributes of individual and contextual factors. The attitudinal change from 1988 to 2008, in 7 cultural contexts (included the “Three Italies”) focused on the trend analysis, observing gender and generations differences, mechanism of change and its predictors. The results confirm that the context is relevant in the development of egalitarian values and, to promote an egalitarian culture, they invite societies to increase the educational level and the female economic participation. To get this, societies need to re-organize themselves in terms of services and benefits for families, in order to get the model of relationship based on the reciprocity between gender really possible.

Dans ce travail nous avons tenu à faire une étude comparée des éléments de la formation ainsi que les procédés de formation des adjectifs qualificatifs en français et en lituanien. Nous avons analysé et établi les parentés ainsi que les différences de la formation de l’adjectif dans les deux langues. Ce travail consiste également à faire une petite revue des caractéristiques classificatoires, morphologiques, sémantiques, des nuances de la traduction de l’adjectif français et lituanien. / Šio darbo tikslas buvo ištirti bei palyginti kokybinių būdvardžių darybos elementus prancūzų ir lietuvių kalbose. Norėdamos palyginti šias abi kalbas mes padarėme prielaidą, kad prancūzų kalboje kokybiniai būdvardžiai turi panašių darybos bruožų kaip ir lietuvių kalboje. Tyrimui buvo pasirinkti šie prancūzų rašytojų kūriniai: Albert Camus «L'étranger» («Svetimas»), Honoré de Balzac «Le Père Goriot» («Tėvas Gorijo») ir Gustave Flaubert «Madame Bovary» («Ponia Bovary»). Prancūzų kalbos kokybiniai būdvardžiai buvo lyginami su lietuviško vertimo atitikmenimis. / Objective of this work was to investigate and compare the elements of the formation of Qualitatif adjectif in French and Lithuanian languages.We revewed also the parameters of word's formation and translation specificities in both languages.

This thesis explores textual and visual images of the EU in South Korea's three prestigious popular newspapers - Chosun Ilbo, Dong A Ilbo and Joong Ang Ilbo - and compares them to the imagery created by the internet versions of these newspapers. In recent years, much scholarly work has been done on the topics of EU imagery in print media, but no systemic attempt has yet been made to EU imagery in internet media. The thesis analyses EU news monitored daily in 12 months of 2008 (a year of the first G20 Summit in Washington and the 6th and 7th rounds of EU-Korea FTA negotiations). This study is interdisciplinary. The thesis draws on several significant theories and concepts from the media studies and linguistics. On top of this, a wide range of approaches of content and visual analysis were reviewed. The study then considers and adopts a multimethodological approach of content analysis (studies by Chaban and Holland) and of visual analysis (by Bain) based on visual semiotics. However, to cope with internet media it also adds several categories which add the notion of interactivity to the original content analysis. It incorporates categories originating from a social semiotic approach (elements of interactive and compositional meta-functions) into the original visual analysis. The results of this study are presented in three case studies. In the first section of each case study the thesis provides a comprehensive overview featuring the latest information and various perspectives (political, economic, social, environmental and developmental). The second section presents formal characteristics of EU images in print newspapers and their internet versions. The third section covers substantive characteristics in both versions. The last section suggests the results of visual analysis. The results of this thesis contribute to two areas of studies: EU external perception studies and internet communication studies: as well as enhancing a deeper understanding of EU-Korea relations.

Vzrůstající nedostatek pohybu dětí a mladistvých v průmyslových státech se v minulých desetiletích rozvinul ve zdravotně-politický problém. V souladu s touto problematikou zároveň klesá i úroveň motorických schopností a dovedností, což představuje citelné omezení dětského vývoje, fyzické i psychické komponenty. Důsledkem jsou rostoucí náklady na zdravotní péči, které posléze výrazně zatěžují zdravotnictví v jednotlivých zemích. Cílem vědeckých týmů Západočeské Univerzity v Plzni a Technické Univerzity Chemnitz je v rámci pilotní studie pod názvem „Přeshraniční srovnávací analýza motorických schopností dětí mladšího školního věku“ stanovit a porovnat aktuální zdravotní situaci školáků v České republice a Německu. / Der gestiegene Bewegungsmangel der Kinder und Jugendlichen in den Industriestaaten hat sich in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten zu einem gesundheitspolitischen Problem entwickelt. Das darüber hinaus sinkende Niveau motorischer Fähigkeiten und Fertigkeiten zieht Beeinträchtigungen der kindlichen Entwicklung auf physischer und psychischer Ebene mit entsprechenden Folgekosten für die Gesundheitssysteme der Länder nach sich. Die Wissenschaftler der Westböhmischen Universität Pilsen und der Technischen Universität Chemnitz haben sich aus diesem Grund zum Ziel gesetzt, in der Pilotstudie „Grenzüberschreitende Vergleichsanalyse der motorischen Fähigkeiten von Kindern des jüngeren Schulalters“ die gesundheitliche Situation von Schulanfängern in der Tschechischen Republik und in Deutschland zu untersuchen und gegenüber zu stellen. / The increased sedentary lifestyle of children and adolescents in industrialized countries has evolved into a public health problem over the past decades. In addition, the declining level of motor abilities and skills draws impairment of children development on physical and psychological level, with appropriate follow-up costs for the health systems of countries. Scientists at the University of West Bohemia Pilsen and the Chemnitz University of Technology have for this reason the goal to investigate and to contrast the health situation of children starting school in the Czech Republic and in Germany with the pilot study "Cross-border comparative analysis of the motor skills of children of younger school age".