La familia, es el núcleo de la sociedad, donde los cónyuges se encuentran en armonía par formar adecuadamente a los hijos; pero en la actualidad se observa la aparición de concepciones erróneas de la familia y formas de vida que no se enfocan en un amor conyugal sino en la búsqueda de momentos hedonistas. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo principal: Elaborar un programa formativo siguiendo los lineamientos de la Exhortación Apostólica Amoris Laetitia para fortalecer el amor conyugal en padres de familia de la I.E. Juan XXIII. La investigación es de tipo cuantitativa, de nivel descriptivo y estuvo conformada por una muestra de 76 padres de familia, a quienes se les aplicó el instrumento denominado “Encuesta sobre el amor conyugal” en la cual se consideraron 25 ítems orientados a medir 6 dimensiones: Sacrificio, respeto, comunicación, atención, espiritualidad, tolerancia en situaciones conflictivas. El instrumento utilizado fue validado y contextualizado a la muestra de estudio. Luego de analizar los resultados, se obtuvo que el 3.95% de los participantes se encuentran en un nivel muy malo, el 7.89% en un nivel malo, el 40.79% son indiferentes y el 47.37% en un nivel bueno. Es por ello que, ante las problemáticas encontradas, se planteó un programa formativo dirigido a fortalecer el amor conyugal, siguiendo los lineamientos de Amoris Laetitia y el cual consiste en 10 sesiones de aprendizaje. / The family is the nucleus of society, where spouses are in harmony to properly educate their children; But currently it is observed that people are assuming erroneous conceptions of the meaning of family since they no longer focus on conjugal love but, on the contrary, only on the search for hedonistic moments. The main objective of this research is: To develop a training program following the guidelines of the Apostolic Exhortation Amoris Laetitia to strengthen conjugal love in parents of the I.E. John XXIII. The research is quantitative, descriptive level and was made up of a sample of 76 parents, to whom the instrument called “Survey on conjugal love” was applied, of which 25 items were considered aimed at measuring 6 dimensions: Sacrifice, respect, communication, attention, spirituality, tolerance in conflictive situations. The instrument used was validated and contextualized to the study sample. After analyzing the results, it was found that 3.95% of the participants are at a very bad level, 7.89% at a bad level, 40.79% are indifferent and 47.37% at a good level. That is why, given the problems encountered, a training program was proposed aimed at strengthening conjugal love, following the guidelines of Amoris Laetitia and which consists of 10 learning sessions.

Submitted by Biblioteca Central (biblioteca@unicap.br) on 2017-10-09T18:21:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_socorro.pdf: 967151 bytes, checksum: 3a33e81100f886b31528d2091a495bdf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-09T18:21:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_socorro.pdf: 967151 bytes, checksum: 3a33e81100f886b31528d2091a495bdf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-07 / The study of domestic violence is an important theme that has been arousing interest in social and human sciences researchers. In order to contribute to a better knowledge of this subject, this research had as objective to comprehend the experience of women in domestic violence situation and the ways that these women subject this violence. It is a work that intended to put on the agenda the need of an organization with systematic services of global attention, considering the different requests regarding health, social and legal protection. The importance given to the problem is due to the increasing awareness of gender hierarchy and inequality, the recognition of women’s rights and the consistent evidences of the phenomenon’s great magnitude at a world level. The participants were women resident in the cities of Recife and Afogados da Ingazeira/PE – Sertão do Pajeú who usually seeks the services of Grupo Mulher Maravilha non-governmental organization. The instrument used to approach this phenomenon was semi-structured interviews which were performed individually. Collected data were grouped in thematic axis according to their nucleus of meanings for a better comprehension. The analyzed data shows the difficulty that women find in breaking up with the suffered violence by letting themselves to expose their situation through different reasons: the fear of their partner kills them and the possibility of their children see their father arrested; the credit given to the matrimony and family concept; the fact of they feel sorry for the partner to be an alcoholic or for he is unemployed ; and because they cannot find effective help from the organizations of woman’s defense. It is valuable to emphasize that this data corroborates with the idea that the roots of domestic violence against women are founded in a society that is based in a patriarchal system, fruit from the disparity between men and women of different races and social and cultural positions. Therefore, violence is observed as a complex matter as well as the politic solutions for its prevention and eradication and so requiring a wide comprehension of the problem. In the other hand, this research shows the importance of the clinic psychology in the break process of domestic violence contributing for a rescue of women’s self-esteem and autonomy in their attempt to interrupt the violence cycle and the matrimonial and domestic pacts which to they are submitted. / O estudo da violência doméstica é um tema de suma importância que vem despertando interesse por parte de pesquisadores das ciências humanas e sociais. Com o intuito de contribuir para o aprofundamento desta temática, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo compreender a experiência de mulheres em situação de violência doméstica e os modos como estas mulheres subjetivam esta violência. Trata-se de um trabalho que pretendeu colocar em pauta a necessidade de uma organização de serviços voltados a esta população, assentados na atenção global, considerando as diferentes demandas pertinentes à saúde, proteção social e jurídica. A importância dada ao problema é fruto da crescente conscientização acerca das desigualdades de gênero, do paulatino reconhecimento dos direitos da mulher e das consistentes evidências da grande magnitude do fenômeno em escala mundial. As participantes desta pesquisa foram mulheres que estão em situação de violência doméstica residentes na cidade do Recife/PE e em Afogados da Ingazeira/PE – Sertão do Pajeú que procuram os serviços do Grupo Mulher Maravilha – organização não-governamental. O instrumento utilizado para nos aproximarmos do fenômeno foram entrevistas semidirigidas, realizadas individualmente. Os dados coletados foram agrupados em eixos temáticos para, a partir daí, compreendê-los segundo seus núcleos de sentido. Os dados analisados mostram a dificuldade que as mulheres encontram em romperem com a violência sofrida, deixando expor o seu aprisionamento por diferentes motivos: o medo de o companheiro matá-la; o receio de que os filhos venham sofrer com a possibilidade de verem o pai preso; o valor creditado ao casamento e a família; sentem pena do companheiro por ser um alcoolista ou por está desempregado; e por não encontrarem ajuda efetiva dos órgãos de defesa da mulher. Vale ressaltar que esses dados corroboram que as raízes da violência doméstica contra a mulher estão fundadas em uma sociedade que se constituiu baseada em um sistema patriarcal, fruto da desigualdade entre homens e mulheres de diferentes raças, etnias, classe social e cultural. Portanto, observa-se a violência como uma questão complexa, bem como as soluções políticas para a sua prevenção e erradicação, requerendo uma compreensão ampla do problema. Por outro lado, a pesquisa mostra a importância da psicologia clínica no processo de ruptura da violência doméstica, contribuindo para um resgate da auto-estima e da autonomia das mulheres, na tentativa de elas romperem o ciclo da violência e os pactos conjugais e domésticos a que estão submetidas.

Thèse de doctorat présenté en vue de l'obtention du doctorat en psychologie - recherche intervention, option psychologie clinique (Ph.D) / Bien que les relations amoureuses puissent enrichir la vie d’un individu et favoriser son bien-être, elles peuvent également être une source de détresse lorsque des difficultés conjugales surviennent. Les comportements positifs et négatifs émis par les partenaires pourraient avoir un rôle important à jouer dans la satisfaction et l’engagement conjugaux et sont donc souvent ciblés dans le cadre de la psychothérapie conjugale. Cependant, peu d’études se sont intéressées simultanément à ces deux types de comportements pour comprendre leur contribution relative au fonctionnement relationnel. De plus, la présence d’insécurités d’attachement (anxiété d’abandon et évitement de l’intimité), fréquentes chez les partenaires qui consultent en thérapie de couple, pourrait teinter la manière dont ces comportements sont perçus. Ainsi, il semble important de réaliser des études s’intéressant à la fois à la perception des comportements positifs et négatifs du/de la partenaire et aux insécurités d’attachement dans l’étude du lien entre ces variables et le fonctionnement relationnel. Bien que plusieurs études se soient intéressées à ces facteurs de manière indépendante, peu d’entre elles les ont considérés conjointement afin d’atteindre une compréhension plus nuancée du lien entre ces variables. De plus, très peu d’études se sont intéressées à ces variables chez les partenaires de couples en situation de détresse conjugale, un contexte pouvant aussi affecter les perceptions d’un individu à l’égard des comportements de son/sa partenaire. Cette recherche doctorale vise à mieux comprendre les liens entre la perception des comportements positifs et négatifs, les insécurités d’attachement et des indicateurs de fonctionnement relationnel chez les couples consultant en thérapie conjugale. La première étude s’est intéressée aux liens entre la perception de deux comportements du/de la partenaire, un positif (soutien conjugal) et un négatif (violence psychologique), et deux indicateurs de fonctionnement relationnel chez les deux partenaires : la satisfaction conjugale et la volonté d’investir dans la relation. Cette étude s’est aussi intéressée au rôle modérateur de l’anxiété d’abandon dans ces associations. La deuxième étude s’est intéressée aux liens entre les insécurités d’attachement et le sous-engagement des deux partenaires en considérant la perception des comportements positifs et négatifs du/de la partenaire en tant que variables intermédiaires. Dans l’ensemble, les résultats obtenus suggèrent que les comportements positifs pourraient être particulièrement importants pour expliquer le fonctionnement relationnel des partenaires en situation de détresse conjugale. Les comportements négatifs seraient également associés à leur fonctionnement relationnel, mais dans une moindre mesure que les comportements positifs. La première étude a aussi permis de démontrer que le lien entre le soutien conjugal perçu de la part du/de la partenaire et le fonctionnement relationnel varie en fonction du niveau d’anxiété d’abandon d’un individu, bien qu’il y ait des différences de genre. La deuxième étude a démontré que la perception des comportements positifs du/de la partenaire pourrait constituer un mécanisme impliqué dans l’association entre les insécurités d’attachement et le sous-engagement des partenaires. Nos résultats suggèrent que l’augmentation des comportements positifs, tout en favorisant leur perception par les partenaires, pourrait constituer un facteur-clé des interventions visant à améliorer le fonctionnement relationnel des partenaires en situation de détresse conjugale. / While romantic relationships can enrich an individual's life and promote their well-being, they can also be a source of distress when relational difficulties arise. Positive and negative partner behaviors could have an important role to play in relationship satisfaction and relationship commitment and as such, they are often targeted in the context of couple therapy. However, few studies have considered these two types of behaviors simultaneously to understand their relative contribution to relationship outcomes. In addition, the presence of attachment insecurities (attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance), which are frequent among partners who seek couple therapy, could change the way that these behaviors are perceived. Thus, it seems important to carry out studies focusing both on the perception of positive and negative partner behaviors and on attachment insecurities in the study of the association between these variables and relationship outcomes. Although several studies have investigated these factors independently, few studies have considered these factors together to achieve a more nuanced understanding of the association between these variables. Moreover, very few studies have looked at these variables in partners of relationally distressed couples, a context also likely to affect an individual's perceptions of their partner's behaviors. This doctoral research aims to better understand the links between the perception of positive and negative partner behaviors, attachment insecurities, and relationship outcomes among couples seeking couple therapy. The first study focused on the links between the perception of two partner behaviors, one that is positive (support) and one that is negative (psychological aggression), and two relationship outcomes in both partners: relationship satisfaction and the willingness to invest in the relationship. This study also investigated the moderating role of attachment anxiety in these associations. The second study investigated the links between attachment insecurities and both partners’ under-commitment by considering the perception of positive and negative partner behaviors as intermediate variables. Overall, the results suggest that positive partner behaviors could be particularly important to explain relationship outcomes in relationally distressed partners. Negative behaviors would also be associated with relationship outcomes, but to a lesser extent than positive behaviors. The first study also showed that the link between perceived partner support and relationship outcomes varies with an individual’s level of attachment anxiety, although there are gender differences. The second study showed that perceived positive partner behaviors may be a mechanism involved in the association between attachment insecurities and both partners’ under-commitment. Our results suggest that increasing positive behaviors, while also promoting their perception by the partners, could be key for interventions aimed at improving relationship outcomes in relationally distressed partners.

Face au vide juridique encadrant leurs rapports patrimoniaux, les ex-conjoints de fait ont fait appel au droit commun dans une tentative de remédier aux iniquités économiques découlant de leur rupture. Les tribunaux québécois ont reconnu le besoin de combler ce vide, et c’est ainsi que le recours en enrichissement injustifié est devenu le choix de prédilection des conjoints appauvris. Ce recours a été façonné par la jurisprudence en remède sur mesure pour les conjoints non mariés. Une panoplie de mesures ont été mises en place par les tribunaux pour alléger le fardeau de preuve de l’appauvri et pour adapter la quantification de l’indemnité aux réalités conjugales. Cela demeure, toutefois, insuffisant et peu adapté aux besoins des ex-conjoints. Variabilité et imprévisibilité des décisions se sont avérées être le corolaire de cette confection jurisprudentielle : résultat de la large discrétion dont jouissent les magistrats dans l’appréciation des conditions et facteurs applicables et fruit d’un législateur muet. Le présent mémoire soulève les lacunes de l’enrichissement injustifié comme palliatif du problème de la rupture conjugale et démontre que la prestation compensatoire n’est pas, en fait, une protection analogue à l’enrichissement injustifié, ni une mesure adéquate pour les conjointes de fait. À notre avis, une approche fonctionnaliste et plus complète doit primer pour favoriser l’atteinte de l’objectif de protection recherché. Dans une société où le mariage n’est souvent pas le résultat d’un choix réfléchi et, surtout, d’une volonté de s’assujettir à ses effets juridiques, une élévation des droits des conjoints de fait au même niveau que ceux des époux prend tout son sens. / Faced with the legal vacuum surrounding their patrimonial relationships, de facto spouses sought remedies within the general rules of obligations to solve the inequities resulting from their separation. Quebec courts have recognized the need to fill this void, thereby rendering actions for unjust enrichment the preferred choice of impoverished spouses. This remedy has been fashioned by case law into a tailor-made remedy for unmarried spouses. A panoply of measures has been put in place by the courts to lighten the burden of proof of the impoverished and to adapt the quantification of the indemnity to conjugal realities. However, this remains insufficient and poorly adapted to the needs of ex-spouses. Variability and unpredictability of decisions have proven to be the corollary of this jurisprudential confection: the result of the broad discretion of the courts in assessing the applicable conditions and factors and the product of a silent legislator. This memoire raises the shortcomings of unjust enrichment as a palliative to the problem of the separation of de facto spouses and demonstrates that the compensatory allowance is not, in fact, analogous to unjust enrichment, nor is it appropriate for de facto spouses. In our opinion, a functionalist and more comprehensive approach must be privileged to help achieve the desired objective of protection. In a society where marriage is often not the result of a considered choice, or of a desire to submit to its legal effects. Granting de facto spouses to the same level of protection as legal spouses would be preferred.

Dans le cadre de ce mémoire, nous nous sommes penchée sur la situation des familles immigrantes originaires du Maroc. En mobilisant les notions de solidarités familiales (Pitrou, 1978; Dandurand et Ouellette, 1992), de transnationalisme (Glick Schiller et al., 1992 et 1995) ainsi que les travaux sur les liens entre réseaux sociaux et modifications des rôles conjugaux, nous avons examiné l’impact de la migration sur l’organisation du foyer selon trois aspects : (1) la dynamique interne de la famille, (2) la redéfinition des rôles conjugaux et (3) le maintien des liens familiaux malgré la distance géographique. En nous appuyant sur six entretiens semi-directifs avec des couples marocains arrivés au Québec depuis au moins deux ans, nous avons pu constater la manière dont les liens familiaux et les solidarités sont réagencés pour pallier la distance et comment les liens amicaux accèdent à un nouveau statut et prennent une nouvelle fonction dans cette recomposition. / In what follows, we take a look at the situation of immigrant families’ native from Morocco. By mobilizing notions such as ‘family solidarities’ (Pitrou, 1978; Dandurand and Ouellette, 1992), transnationalism (Glick Schiller and al., 1992 and 1995) as well as the work on existing links between social networks and conjugal roles modifications, we examine the impact of migration on three aspects: (1) the family dynamics, (2) the conjugal role redefinition and (3) the preservation of family relations in spite of the geographical distance. On the basis of 6 semi-directed interviews with Moroccan couples established in Quebec for at least two years, we noticed how the family relations and solidarities are remodelled to mitigate the distance and how friendships take a whole new function.

Introdução: A violência contra mulheres apresenta-se, na atualidade, como complexa questão de naturezas notadamente social, jurídica e de saúde, que desafia a maioria dos países quer do ponto de vista da produção do conhecimento, quer do ponto de vista de seu enfrentamento por políticas públicas que envolvem diferentes tipos de práticas. Objetivo: Caracterizar trajetórias de vida e condições de vulnerabilidade de mulheres que vivenciaram violência por parceiro íntimo; identificar concepções acerca dos lugares da mulher e do homem na sociedade contemporânea; identificar buscas e caminhos das mulheres frente à violência vivenciada; desvelar significados atribuídos à violência vivenciada e marcas presentes; identificar, na perspectiva das mulheres, sinalizadores de violência e de relações igualitárias entre homens e mulheres na sociedade e o significado atribuído à Lei Maria da Penha, assim como à Rede de Prevenção e Enfrentamento da Violência contra a mulher. Metodologia: Trata-se de pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, na qual foram realizadas entrevistas com dez mulheres que vivenciaram violência doméstica, selecionadas em Centro Defesa e Convivência da Mulher CDCM, do qual participavam. A partir das narrativas apresentadas, foram identificadas categorias empíricas que compuseram categorias gerais, para fins analíticos. As narrativas das mulheres foram inscritas nessas categorias e interpretadas à luz de perspectivas das Ciências Sociais e de Estudos de Gênero. Resultados e Discussão: As narrativas das mulheres apontam para marcas presentes, relacionadas à vivência de múltiplas violências, com implicações para novos relacionamentos afetivo-sexuais, apresentando-se o medo como marca das mais significativas. Depreende-se do conjunto de relatos apresentados que a judicialização das relações conjugais de gênero apresenta limitações para responder às demandas de mulheres vivendo em situação de violência, tendo em vista a complexidade das mesmas, questão essa que parece relacionada não somente à insuficiente implementação da Lei Maria da Penha, mas, igualmente, a problemas de acolhimento para a multiplicidade de demandas que a violência envolve, em termos jurídicos, sociais e de saúde. Daí, ganhar expressão a relevância de se pensar o enfrentamento da violência e de suas implicações não de maneira setorial, mas intersetorial e interdisciplinar, em termos de uma Rede de Atendimento. Nesse sentido, pudemos observar que a vivência no referido CDCM, parte da Rede Leste de Atendimento, trouxe mudanças na vida das mulheres, consideradas por elas significativas, com destaque para o aumento da auto-estima e relativo empoderamento, assim como a aquisição de uma nova visão pautada pela igualdade de gênero, notadamente pelo apoio psicológico e participação em grupos reflexivos. Nessa perspectiva, identificaram sinalizadores de relações conjugais igualitárias, assim como sinalizadores de Violência por Parceiro Íntimo. Considerações Finais: A adoção da apresentação dos relatos das mulheres acerca das vivências em relação à violência, em termos de trajetórias de vida, apresentou-se como relevante estratégia do ponto de vista teórico-metodológico por permitir apontar as relações entre biografias individuais e coletivas, estreitamente relacionadas a diferentes circunstâncias de vida e relações conjugais de gênero das mulheres entrevistadas que imprimem condições de vulnerabilidades específicas, assim como diferentes possibilidades das mesmas romperem com a situação de violência vivenciada e superarem muitas das marcas grafadas impressas por tais vivências. Assim, diante do significado da vivência de violência por parte das mulheres e dos desafios enfrentados pelas mesmas para romper tal situação, descortinou-se a relevância do trabalho interdisciplinar e intersetorial, constitutivos de uma Rede de Serviços que contemple a interinstitucionalidade na prevenção e no enfrentamento da violência, assim como o trabalho multi e interdisciplinar por parte das respectivas equipes, no sentido do acolhimento das diferentes demandas, em todas as suas especificidades e complexidades. / Introduction: The violence against women is shown as a complex issue nowadays, and notably a social, juridical, public security and health question that defy most countries, either being of a knowledge production point of view, or from its facing with public policy that involve different types of practice. Objectives: to characterize womens life stories and vulnerability conditions that suffered violence from an intimate partner; to identify conceptions about women and men roleplay into current society; to identify womens searches and paths before the experienced violence; to exhibit the meaning attached to the womens violence experience and present marks of violence; to identify, into womens perspective, violence signals and equal relationships among men and women into society and the meaning attached to Maria da Penha Law and the Prevention and Confrontation Against Women Violence Network. Methodology: This research has a qualitative nature, in which interviews were done with ten women that experienced domestic violence, that were selected from the Women Defense and Coexistance Center - CDCM, where they attended. Beginning from the narratives, empirical categories that composed general categories were identified for analytical purposes. Womens narratives were included into these categories and these narratives were understood under the Social Sciences and Gender Studies perspective. Results and Discussion: The narratives of the women indicate present marks, related to the multiple violence experience, with implications to new affective and sexual relationships, showing the fear as one of the most significant marks. Into the presented reports, it is understood that the conjugal and gender relationships judicialization shows limitations to respond needs living in violence situation, knowing the complex situation of them, and this issue is not only related to the insufficient Maria da Penha Law implementation, but, equally related to problems with hospitality to the multiple needs that violence evolves, into legal, social and health terms. Therefrom, the relevance of thinking the confrontation of violence and its implications gains expression but not in a sectorial way, but into a intersectorial and interdisciplinary way, as an Attention Network. For that matter, we could notice that the experience at the referred CDCM, part of East Attention Network, brought changes into womens lives, considered by them meaningful, with emphasis to self-esteem and relative empowerment increase, as well as the acquisition of a new way of view based on gender equality, notably by the psychological support and reflexive group therapy participation. Into this perspective, markers of equal marital relationships were identified, as well as Violence by intimate partner markers. Final Considerations: The presentation of womens reports about their experiences related to violence, in life path terms, appeared itself as a relevant strategy from the theoretical-methodological point of view allowing to point the relation between personal and collective biographies, strictly related to different life circumstances and interviewed women gender marital relationships that show specific vulnerabilities, as well as different possibilities of these women to break up with the experienced violence situation and to overcome many marks that have got impressed by these experiences. Thereby, facing the meaning experienced violence by part of the women and the challenges faced by them to break through these situations, the relevance of interdisciplinary and intersectorial work, constitutive of an Attending Network that includes relations with institutions at violence prevention and confrontation, as well as multi and interdisciplinary work by the respective teams, receiving the different needs, into its whole specialities and complexity.

Le divorce comme objet d’étude littéraire, la proposition peut surprendre. La répartition distributive des champs et des domaines de pensée exigerait que l’on en fasse, au choix, le sujet d’une réflexion historique, politique, juridique, sociale ou morale. De littérature, il n’est en revanche point question. En 1884, la réhabilitation du divorce dans la législation française est pourtant l’œuvre d’une combinatoire inédite entre politique et littérature. Depuis les tribunes et les colonnes des journaux, dans les essais et dans les livres, la narration des malheurs matrimoniaux d’hommes et de femmes pris dans les tenailles de la loi, se débattant contre une fatalité civile qui contraint leur vie privée et conjugale, crie en faveur du démariage. Alors que les liens entre le récit et la revendication d’une désunion légale sont séculaires, noués notamment dans les œuvres de George Sand, le combat de plumes mené contre l’indissolubilité du mariage va significativement révolutionner la pensée de la littérature à thèse, encourager une réflexion sur la fonction de l’écrivain, sur son rapport au droit, et démontrer le pouvoir de la littérature sur les mœurs et sur la rédaction des lois. Outil d’analyse précieux pour comprendre le fait intellectuel, littéraire et narratif des débuts de la IIIe République, le motif du démariage sert de plus l’étude de la représentation de la conjugalité dans le récit français de la fin du XIXe siècle. Devenu légal, le divorce bouleverse en effet l’imaginaire du récit de mœurs privées et inaugure de nouvelles situations narratives : la rencontre avec l’ancien époux, la jalousie du nouveau mari, la seconde nuit de noces, le passé sexuel de la femme deviennent bientôt les lieux communs et les lois narratives du genre. La promulgation du divorce éprouve néanmoins rudement les coutumes narratives françaises : en offrant une solution au récit d’adultère, le divorce brise un modèle narratif séculaire, et oblige le récit à repenser ses fatalités et ses formes. / Divorce as an object of literary study, the proposal may surprise. The distinctiveness of fields and areas of research requires that a choice be made to study the question from a historical, political, legal, social or moral point of view. Literature, however, is never even considered. In 1884, the rehabilitation of divorce in French legislation was the result of an unusual combination of politics and literature. From the editorials and columns of the newspapers, in essays and in books, the narration of matrimonial misfortunes of men and women caught strangled by the law, wrestling against a civil inevitability that constrains their private and conjugal life, clamors for un-marriage. While the ties between literature and the claims for legal disunion are secular, linked in the works of George Sand, the battle of pens fighting against the indissolubility of marriage will significantly change the thinking of engaged literature and encourage a reasoning on the role of the writer, his relation to the law, and to demonstrate the power of literature on morals and the drafting of legislation.As a valuable analytical tool to understand the intellectual, literary and narrative aspects of the beginnings of the Third Republic, the un-marriage topic can be used to study the representation of conjugality in the French narrative of the end of the 19th century. Henceforth legal, divorce in fact transforms the imagination of literature on private morals and inaugurates new narrative situations: the encounter with the former husband, the jealousy of the new husband, the second wedding night, and the sexual past of the woman, all soon become common practice in the literary genre. The promulgation of divorce nevertheless rudely tests French narrative customs: by offering a solution to stories of adultery, divorce breaks a secular narrative model, and obliges literature to rethink its fatalities and its forms.

O direito de família brasileiro passou por diversas mudanças nas últimas décadas e, na conjugalidade, tal situação culminou com o advento da Emenda Constitucional n.º 66, de 2010. Trata-se de alteração constitucional que gerou inúmeros questionamentos acerca de questões envolvendo a dissolução do casamento. O presente estudo parte de uma análise histórica que demonstrará as oscilações nos modos de desfazimento do casamento e ajudará a explicar as motivações que levaram à mudança na abordagem do divórcio, trazendo solução às dúvidas que surgiram a partir da aprovação da Emenda. Será analisada a mudança de paradigma ocorrida, em que a culpa foi substituída pelo afeto que, de mero sentimento, passou a ser considerado um valor jurídico apto a ditar os rumos do relacionamento conjugal. Enfrentam-se, então, questionamentos a respeito: (i) da extinção dos requisitos prévios para o divórcio; (ii) dos rumos do instituto da separação judicial e extrajudicial; (iii) da noção de culpa pelo término do casamento; (iv) de como serão tomadas decisões sobre o nome de casado ou alimentos devidos entre cônjuges. Ao final, considerados os novos rumos trazidos ao direito de família pela Emenda Constitucional n.º 66/2010, foi estudada a questão da responsabilidade civil em matéria conjugal, tópico do direito de família no qual ainda é necessária a análise da culpa. Encerrando o trabalho, são trazidas algumas considerações críticas. / Le droit de famille brésilien a connu plusieurs changements au cours des dernières décennies et, dans la conjugalité, telle situation a aboutit à lavènement de lAmendement Constitutionnel nº. 66, daté de 2010. Il sagit dun changement constitutionnel qui a soulevé de nombreuses questions au sujet de la dissolution du lien conjugal. Cette étude part dune analyse historique qui démontrera les oscillations dans les processus de dissolution du mariage et aidera à expliquer les motivations qui ont conduit au changement dans lapproche du divorce, apportant une solution aux doutes qui sont apparus depuis ladoption de lAmendement. Il sera analysé le changement de paradigme qui eut lieu, où le sentiment de culpabilité fut remplacé par laffection qui, dun simple sentiment sest avéré une valeur juridique en mesure de dicter le cours de la relation conjugale.On fait face alors à des questionnements à propos : (i) de lextinction des exigences préalables au divorce ; (ii) des directions de linstitut de la séparation par voie judiciaire et extrajudiciaire ; (iii) de la notion de culpabilité par la fin du mariage ; (iv) de comment seront prises les décisions au sujet du nom de marié ou obligation alimentaire entre le conjoints. En dernier lieu, considérant les nouvelles orientations apportées par LAmendement Constitutionnel nº 66, de 2010, fut étudiée la question de la responsabilité civile en matière conjugale, sujet du droit de famille dont il est encore nécessaire lanalyse de la culpabilité. Pour conclure le travail, quelques considérations critiques seront présentées.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:39:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Elizabeth do Rocio Dipp Azevedo Gimael.pdf: 954951 bytes, checksum: f143c457e2650583506a168960dd30ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-10-17 / This research aimed to identify the conflicts experienced by couples that have been characterized with the Extrovert Feeling . Our study was based on the assumption that no marriage can exist without conflicts, and that conflicts occur not only between couples with the opposite typology but also between those with the same typology. Conflicts do not only occur only when casals have the opposite typological functions, but also when they have the same dominant functions. From our review of the literature we only identified one study that focused on the two issues. We identified several studies that considered conjugal conflicts, but very few that related these conflicts to psychological types. Considering that our study examined conjugal conflicts, the typology of couples and the possible relationship between the conflicts and their typology, an iniitial depth interview was considered to be an adequate procedure to approach this question, given that we did not intend to undertake a therapeutic process. We adopted a qualitative approach to this research, which consisted of two moments. During the first moment we identified the typology of the couples and during the second moment, three couples were selected and interviewed in order to investigate the conjugal conflicts they identified, and to relate these conflicts to their typology. The instrument used for this research was QUATI (Questionnaire to Evaluate Typology), which enabled us to select three couples from the twenty four couples who participated during the first stage of the research. Considering the difficult task of reconciling typology and conjugal conflicts, after evaluating the results and the data obtained and performing an intuitive, symbolic, conceptual analysis, we concluded that some conflicts reported by the couples could be related to their typology, but we understand that other studies need be undertaken in order to obtain more conclusive evidence / Esta pesquisa procurou identificar os conflitos em casais que possuem a tipologia Sentimento Extrovertido. Nosso estudo baseou-se na premissa de que não existe um casamento sem conflitos, e que os mesmos ocorrem tanto em casais com tipologias opostas como também nos que possuem a mesma tipologia. Conflitos não se instalam apenas quando os casais têm funções tipológicas opostas, mas também quando apresentam a mesma função dominante. Na revisão de literatura encontramos apenas um estudo que focasse os dois assuntos. Identificamos vários estudos a respeito de conflitos conjugais e poucos relacionados a tipos psicológicos. Considerando que o nosso estudo examinou os conflitos conjugais, a tipologia dos casais e a possível relação entre os conflitos e suas tipologias, a entrevista de profundidade foi considerada um procedimento adequado para abordar essa questão, visto que, a nossa intenção não era realizar um processo terapêutico. O método escolhido para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa foi o qualitativo. Esta constou de dois momentos, no primeiro momento os casais foram selecionados pela tipologia e no segundo, foram realizadas entrevistas com os três casais selecionados, a fim de identificar os conflitos conjugais trazidos por eles, assim como, relacioná-los a tipologia. Esta pesquisa utilizou como instrumento o QUATI (Questionário de Avaliação Tipológica), o qual permitiu selecionar três casais dos vinte e quatro que participaram da primeira fase da pesquisa. Considerando a difícil tarefa de conciliar tipologia e conflito conjugal, após a avaliação dos resultados, discussão dos dados e de uma análise intuitiva, simbólica e conceitual. Concluímos que alguns dos conflitos apresentados pelos casais podem estar ligados a tipologia dos mesmos, mas deixamos uma porta aberta para que novos estudos sejam realizados, com o propósito de aumentar as possibilidades de pesquisa referentes ao tema

La figure de l’épouse fait partie intégrante du genre épique, dont les œuvres homériques ont élaboré le modèle pour la littérature gréco-romaine. L’importance accordée à l’eros féminin, et particulièrement conjugal, est l’un des aspects sur lesquels repose l’évolution de la généricité épique, d’œuvre en œuvre. À l’époque flavienne, Valérius Flaccus et Stace confèrent un rôle déterminant à deux figures féminines, celle de Médée dans les Argonautiques et celle d’Argie dans la Thébaïde, et présentent, tous deux, d’autres facettes de l’eros conjugal dans leur épisode lemnien, dont Hypsipyle est l’héroïne centrale. Cette présence accentuée du féminin peut être rapprochée de la réflexion contemporaine sur l’éthique conjugale menée dans le domaine philosophique, notamment par Musonius Rufus. Sur le plan littéraire, dans le contexte de la latinité d’argent, elle manifeste un questionnement des normes du genre, qui se traduit par une représentation de l’épouse selon des modèles autres qu’épiques : celui du genre tragique et de l’élégie romaine, particulièrement des Héroïdes d’Ovide. À la confluence de trois traditions littéraires, épique, tragique et élégiaque, le rôle des figures féminines témoigne d’un renouvellement de l’épopée, dont l’élaboration de critères d’analyse portant sur les notions de genre, de généricité et d’intergénéricité permet de donner l’entière mesure. / The character of the wife is a central feature of the epic genre, for which Homer's poems stand as a model in Greek and Latin literature. The major role the feminine eros, especially towards a husband, plays in those works is one of the aspects on which the evolution of epic genericity relies, evolving from one poem to another. During the Flavian Age, Valerius Flaccus and Statius gave two feminine characters a major part in their poems : one is Medea in The Argonautics, the other Argia in Statius' Thebaid. Besides, both poets also illustrate other aspects of husband and wife eros in the Lemnian episode, which stages Hypsipyle as its heroine. From a philosophical point of view, we can see how this emphasized presence of feminine characters matches contemporary philosophers' theories on ethics within marriage, such as Musonius Rufus' thoughts. From the point de view of literature however, considering its setting in the Age of Silver latinity, we can consider this presence as a questioning of epic generic codes, which shows in the way wives are represented, according to the patterns of tragedy and of the Roman elegy, particularly of Ovid's Heroids. Therefore in the wake of three literary traditions - epic, tragedy, elegy -, the role of feminine characters shows the renewal of the epic, which we can fully study by creating criteria of analysis bearing on the notions of genre, genericity and intergenericity.