Introdução: A violência contra mulheres apresenta-se, na atualidade, como complexa questão de naturezas notadamente social, jurídica e de saúde, que desafia a maioria dos países quer do ponto de vista da produção do conhecimento, quer do ponto de vista de seu enfrentamento por políticas públicas que envolvem diferentes tipos de práticas. Objetivo: Caracterizar trajetórias de vida e condições de vulnerabilidade de mulheres que vivenciaram violência por parceiro íntimo; identificar concepções acerca dos lugares da mulher e do homem na sociedade contemporânea; identificar buscas e caminhos das mulheres frente à violência vivenciada; desvelar significados atribuídos à violência vivenciada e marcas presentes; identificar, na perspectiva das mulheres, sinalizadores de violência e de relações igualitárias entre homens e mulheres na sociedade e o significado atribuído à Lei Maria da Penha, assim como à Rede de Prevenção e Enfrentamento da Violência contra a mulher. Metodologia: Trata-se de pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, na qual foram realizadas entrevistas com dez mulheres que vivenciaram violência doméstica, selecionadas em Centro Defesa e Convivência da Mulher CDCM, do qual participavam. A partir das narrativas apresentadas, foram identificadas categorias empíricas que compuseram categorias gerais, para fins analíticos. As narrativas das mulheres foram inscritas nessas categorias e interpretadas à luz de perspectivas das Ciências Sociais e de Estudos de Gênero. Resultados e Discussão: As narrativas das mulheres apontam para marcas presentes, relacionadas à vivência de múltiplas violências, com implicações para novos relacionamentos afetivo-sexuais, apresentando-se o medo como marca das mais significativas. Depreende-se do conjunto de relatos apresentados que a judicialização das relações conjugais de gênero apresenta limitações para responder às demandas de mulheres vivendo em situação de violência, tendo em vista a complexidade das mesmas, questão essa que parece relacionada não somente à insuficiente implementação da Lei Maria da Penha, mas, igualmente, a problemas de acolhimento para a multiplicidade de demandas que a violência envolve, em termos jurídicos, sociais e de saúde. Daí, ganhar expressão a relevância de se pensar o enfrentamento da violência e de suas implicações não de maneira setorial, mas intersetorial e interdisciplinar, em termos de uma Rede de Atendimento. Nesse sentido, pudemos observar que a vivência no referido CDCM, parte da Rede Leste de Atendimento, trouxe mudanças na vida das mulheres, consideradas por elas significativas, com destaque para o aumento da auto-estima e relativo empoderamento, assim como a aquisição de uma nova visão pautada pela igualdade de gênero, notadamente pelo apoio psicológico e participação em grupos reflexivos. Nessa perspectiva, identificaram sinalizadores de relações conjugais igualitárias, assim como sinalizadores de Violência por Parceiro Íntimo. Considerações Finais: A adoção da apresentação dos relatos das mulheres acerca das vivências em relação à violência, em termos de trajetórias de vida, apresentou-se como relevante estratégia do ponto de vista teórico-metodológico por permitir apontar as relações entre biografias individuais e coletivas, estreitamente relacionadas a diferentes circunstâncias de vida e relações conjugais de gênero das mulheres entrevistadas que imprimem condições de vulnerabilidades específicas, assim como diferentes possibilidades das mesmas romperem com a situação de violência vivenciada e superarem muitas das marcas grafadas impressas por tais vivências. Assim, diante do significado da vivência de violência por parte das mulheres e dos desafios enfrentados pelas mesmas para romper tal situação, descortinou-se a relevância do trabalho interdisciplinar e intersetorial, constitutivos de uma Rede de Serviços que contemple a interinstitucionalidade na prevenção e no enfrentamento da violência, assim como o trabalho multi e interdisciplinar por parte das respectivas equipes, no sentido do acolhimento das diferentes demandas, em todas as suas especificidades e complexidades. / Introduction: The violence against women is shown as a complex issue nowadays, and notably a social, juridical, public security and health question that defy most countries, either being of a knowledge production point of view, or from its facing with public policy that involve different types of practice. Objectives: to characterize womens life stories and vulnerability conditions that suffered violence from an intimate partner; to identify conceptions about women and men roleplay into current society; to identify womens searches and paths before the experienced violence; to exhibit the meaning attached to the womens violence experience and present marks of violence; to identify, into womens perspective, violence signals and equal relationships among men and women into society and the meaning attached to Maria da Penha Law and the Prevention and Confrontation Against Women Violence Network. Methodology: This research has a qualitative nature, in which interviews were done with ten women that experienced domestic violence, that were selected from the Women Defense and Coexistance Center - CDCM, where they attended. Beginning from the narratives, empirical categories that composed general categories were identified for analytical purposes. Womens narratives were included into these categories and these narratives were understood under the Social Sciences and Gender Studies perspective. Results and Discussion: The narratives of the women indicate present marks, related to the multiple violence experience, with implications to new affective and sexual relationships, showing the fear as one of the most significant marks. Into the presented reports, it is understood that the conjugal and gender relationships judicialization shows limitations to respond needs living in violence situation, knowing the complex situation of them, and this issue is not only related to the insufficient Maria da Penha Law implementation, but, equally related to problems with hospitality to the multiple needs that violence evolves, into legal, social and health terms. Therefrom, the relevance of thinking the confrontation of violence and its implications gains expression but not in a sectorial way, but into a intersectorial and interdisciplinary way, as an Attention Network. For that matter, we could notice that the experience at the referred CDCM, part of East Attention Network, brought changes into womens lives, considered by them meaningful, with emphasis to self-esteem and relative empowerment increase, as well as the acquisition of a new way of view based on gender equality, notably by the psychological support and reflexive group therapy participation. Into this perspective, markers of equal marital relationships were identified, as well as Violence by intimate partner markers. Final Considerations: The presentation of womens reports about their experiences related to violence, in life path terms, appeared itself as a relevant strategy from the theoretical-methodological point of view allowing to point the relation between personal and collective biographies, strictly related to different life circumstances and interviewed women gender marital relationships that show specific vulnerabilities, as well as different possibilities of these women to break up with the experienced violence situation and to overcome many marks that have got impressed by these experiences. Thereby, facing the meaning experienced violence by part of the women and the challenges faced by them to break through these situations, the relevance of interdisciplinary and intersectorial work, constitutive of an Attending Network that includes relations with institutions at violence prevention and confrontation, as well as multi and interdisciplinary work by the respective teams, receiving the different needs, into its whole specialities and complexity.

Submitted by Rosivalda Pereira (mrs.pereira@ufma.br) on 2017-07-18T20:09:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 BrunoCardoso.pdf: 865311 bytes, checksum: e66a9dbd12b329a5b1d2d7b172757fae (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-18T20:09:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BrunoCardoso.pdf: 865311 bytes, checksum: e66a9dbd12b329a5b1d2d7b172757fae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-16 / The development of satisfactory interpersonal relationships has contributed decisively to a quality of life and psychological health of the people. On the other hand, a difficulty in maintaining relationships in a healthy way and using conflict resolution strategies can lead to losses in the affective relationships between family members, spouses and partners and / or boyfriends contributing to violence against women by an intimate partner. It is understood that a satisfying conjugal relationship demands social skills like exchange of affection, search for approximation, problem solving, and others. These aspects highlight the relevance of investigations regardin the characterization of repertoire of social skills, marital satisfaction and the relationship between these variables in women in situation of intimate partner violence.. This study aims to analyze a relationship between social skills and marital satisfaction of women in situations of intimate partner violence. This study aims to analyse the relationship between social skills and marital satisfaction of women in situations of intimate partner violence. To achieve this goal, 23 women, from na institution specializing in the care of women in situation of violence, responded to three instruments: Questionnaire on Degree and Form of Violence by a woman practiced by intimate partner, Marital Satisfaction Scale, and Inventory of Marital Social Skills. The results showed that the highest levels of violence reported by the women interviewed were of a psychological nature and the level of marital satisfaction is inversely proportional to the situations of intimate partner violence. In addition, women in situations of intimate partner violence self-rated with a total deficit of marital social skills, especially in "expressiveness/empathy", "self-assertiveness " and "proactive self-control" classes, showing difficulties in expressing feelings and thoughts in the marital relationship, guaranteeing their rights to individuality in the relationship, demonstrate empathic understanding, recognize the signs of physiological change in oneself and in the other. The data obtained through correlation pointed out that as general marital social skills and the proactive self-control class was negatively related to the increase in marital dissatisfaction. It was also observed that the more assertive conversational skills the greater the marital dissatisfaction (and with the aspects of the conjugal interaction). It's shown that assertive self-assertion and proactive self-control are also negatively related to an occurrence of violence (general and sexual). Thus, the importance of social skills training for this population and the understanding of the nature of assertive responses in the sociocultural context is noted. The use of social skills contrasts with violent relationships. In this sense, this study contributes to the understanding of the classes of marital social skills that can be targeted for intervention among the population of women in situations of intimate partner violence. The training of these skills, not only for a woman, but for the couple, can be an essential tool for the development of socially competent relationships, based on respect for each other and expansion of marital satisfaction. / O desenvolvimento de relações interpessoais satisfatórias tem contribuído decisivamente para a qualidade de vida e saúde psicológica das pessoas. Por outro lado, a dificuldade em manter relacionamentos de forma saudável e de utilizar estratégias de resolução de conflitos pode ocasionar prejuízos nas relações afetivas entre familiares, cônjuges, parceiros e/ou namorados contribuindo para a violência contra a mulher perpetrada por parceiro íntimo. Compreende-se que uma relação conjugal satisfatória demanda habilidades sociais como a troca de afeto, busca por aproximação, resolução de problemas e outras. Esses aspectos evidenciam a relevância de investigações quanto à caracterização de repertório de habilidades sociais, nível de satisfação conjugal de mulheres em situação de violência por parceiro íntimo e a relação entre essas variáveis. Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a relação entre habilidades sociais e satisfação conjugal de mulheres em situação de violência perpetrada por parceiro íntimo. Para o alcance desse objetivo, 23 mulheres, de uma instituição especializada no atendimento a mulheres em situação de violência, responderam três instrumentos: Questionário sobre Grau e Forma de Violência contra a mulher praticada por parceiro íntimo, Escala de Satisfação Conjugal, e Inventário de Habilidades Sociais Conjugais. Os resultados mostraram que os níveis mais elevados de situações de violência pelas quais as mulheres indicaram foi de natureza psicológica e o nível de satisfação conjugal é inversamente proporcional às situações de violência por parceiro íntimo. Além disso, as mulheres se autoavaliaram com um repertório total deficitário de habilidades sociais conjugais, principalmente nas classes de “expressividade/empatia”, “autoafirmação assertiva” e “autocontrole proativo”, evidenciando dificuldades quanto a expressar sentimentos e pensamentos na relação conjugal, a garantir seus direitos à individualidade na relação, demonstrar compreensão empática, reconhecer os sinais de alteração fisiológica em si e no outro. Os dados obtidos por meio de correlação apontaram que as habilidades sociais conjugais gerais e da classe autocontrole proativo estiveram relacionadas negativamente com o aumento da insatisfação conjugal. Também foi observado que quanto mais habilidades de conversação assertiva, maior o nível de insatisfação conjugal (e com os aspectos da interação conjugal). As habilidades sociais de autoafirmação assertiva e autocontrole proativo também estiveram relacionadas negativamente com a ocorrência de situações de violência (geral e sexual). Assim, nota-se a importância do treinamento de habilidades sociais conjugais específicas para essa população e da compreensão da natureza das respostas assertivas no contexto sociocultural. O uso de habilidades sociais se contrapõe a relacionamentos violentos. Nesse sentido, este estudo contribui para a compreensão das classes de habilidades sociais conjugais que podem ser alvo de intervenção junto à população de mulheres em situação de violência por parceiro íntimo. O treino dessas habilidades, não só para a mulher, mas para o casal, pode se constituir como ferramenta essencial para o desenvolvimento de relacionamentos socialmente competentes, pautados no respeito ao outro e ampliação da satisfação conjugal.

Dans le cadre de ce mémoire, nous nous sommes penchée sur la situation des familles immigrantes originaires du Maroc. En mobilisant les notions de solidarités familiales (Pitrou, 1978; Dandurand et Ouellette, 1992), de transnationalisme (Glick Schiller et al., 1992 et 1995) ainsi que les travaux sur les liens entre réseaux sociaux et modifications des rôles conjugaux, nous avons examiné l’impact de la migration sur l’organisation du foyer selon trois aspects : (1) la dynamique interne de la famille, (2) la redéfinition des rôles conjugaux et (3) le maintien des liens familiaux malgré la distance géographique. En nous appuyant sur six entretiens semi-directifs avec des couples marocains arrivés au Québec depuis au moins deux ans, nous avons pu constater la manière dont les liens familiaux et les solidarités sont réagencés pour pallier la distance et comment les liens amicaux accèdent à un nouveau statut et prennent une nouvelle fonction dans cette recomposition. / In what follows, we take a look at the situation of immigrant families’ native from Morocco. By mobilizing notions such as ‘family solidarities’ (Pitrou, 1978; Dandurand and Ouellette, 1992), transnationalism (Glick Schiller and al., 1992 and 1995) as well as the work on existing links between social networks and conjugal roles modifications, we examine the impact of migration on three aspects: (1) the family dynamics, (2) the conjugal role redefinition and (3) the preservation of family relations in spite of the geographical distance. On the basis of 6 semi-directed interviews with Moroccan couples established in Quebec for at least two years, we noticed how the family relations and solidarities are remodelled to mitigate the distance and how friendships take a whole new function.

Le traitement d’un premier cancer de la prostate et les mois qui suivent, sont une période stressante pour les patients et leur conjointe. Les objectifs de cette étude sont, d’une part, de déterminer l’évolution de variables psychosociales (soutien social, qualité de la relation conjugale, ajustement dyadique et stratégies de coping) et du bien-être émotionnel et physique, et d’autre part, d’identifier les effets acteurs-partenaires, c'est-à-dire les effets des variables psychosociales d’un membre du couple sur son bien-être et sur celui de l’autre membre. Nous avons mené une étude longitudinale auprès de 132 patients atteints d’un cancer de la prostate et de 100 de leurs conjointes. Une évaluation psychologique leur a été proposée au début, au milieu, à la fin du traitement et quatre mois après. Les résultats montrent que les patients ont un état émotionnel et une qualité de vie satisfaisants et que les conjointes présentent une symptomatologie dépressive. Chez les patients, on observe des effets acteurs positifs du soutien social, de la relation conjugale et des stratégies de coping, centrées sur le problème ou sur la recherche de soutien social, sur leur bien-être, et des effets partenaires positifs de ces mêmes variables sur le bien-être de leur conjointe. Chez les conjointes, la relation conjugale a un effet acteur positif sur leur bien-être, mais le soutien social et les stratégies de coping centrées sur l’émotion ont des effets acteurs négatifs. De plus, l’effet partenaire soutien social des conjointes est positif sur le bien-être des patients, alors que celui des stratégies de coping centrées sur l’émotion est négatif. Celui de la relation conjugale est positif quand il s’agit de la disponibilité et de l’intensité du soutien, et négatif quand il s’agit de l’ajustement dyadique. De façon générale, le soutien social, la relation conjugale et les stratégies de coping sont de bons prédicteurs de la qualité de vie, directement ou par le biais du partenaire. / The treatment of a first prostate cancer and the following months are a stressful period for the patients and their spouse. The first aim of this study was to determine the evolution of psychosocial variables (social support, quality of conjugal relationships, dyadic adjustment and coping strategies) and of emotional and physical well-being. The second aim was to identify actors-partners effects - that is the effect of one of partner’s psychosocial variables on his/her well-being and on that of the other. A longitudinal study was carried on 132 patients with prostate cancer and 100 of their spouses. A psychological evaluation was conducted at the beginning, half way through, at the end of the treatment and four months afterwards. Results showed that patients had a good emotional state and a good quality of life and, that the spouses developed a depressive symptomatology. For patients, positive actor effects of social support, conjugal relationships and coping strategies (problem-focused or seeking social support focused) on their well-being and, positive partner effects of the same variables on the spouses’ well-being were observed. For the spouses, conjugal relationships had a positive actor effect on their well-being, but social support and emotion-focused coping strategies had negative actor effects. Also, spouses’ social support had a positive partner effect on the patients’ well-being while emotion-focused coping strategies had a negative effect. Conjugal relationship effect was positive when referring to availability and intensity of support and, negative when referring to dyadic adjustment. Overall, social support, conjugal relationship and coping strategies were found to be good predictors of quality of life, directly or indirectly through the partner.

Cette thèse de doctorat porte sur « La vie de couple : Étude comparative entre les couples syriens, français et franco-syriens ». Cette étude met en évidence l’importance d’une relation qui forme le coeur de la première cellule dans la société qui est la famille. C'est la première étude qui tente d’explorer ce sujet à fond. La thèse s'intéresse à l’analyse de la construction du couple dans deux sociétés et deux cultures (France-Syrie). Elle permet de mieux cerner le rôle de l’environnement social et familial dans la stabilité ou les difficultés que traversent parfois les couples. L’échantillon de la recherche est composé de 55 couples (110 sujets). Il est réparti en quatre groupes : 30 couples syriens vivant en Syrie, 13 couples syriens vivant en France, 7 couples franco-syriens vivant en France ainsi que 5 couples français vivant en France. Les outils de la recherche sont les entretiens semi-directifs, le questionnaire de l’entente conjugale et le T.A.T. Les résultats de cette étude sont que les variables étudiées démontrent une différence significative et importante entre les quatre groupes de l’échantillon de la recherche sauf pour deux variables : l’entente conjugale et les activités partagées dans le couple qui ne montrent pas de différence significative. En conclusion, cette étude contribue à déterminer les facteurs de la réussite du mariage, de convergence dans le couple, de la mésentente et les causes de tension et de conflit. Elle fournit des bases afin d’élaborer un programme de consultation visant à améliorer la relation au sein du couple. / This thesis focuses on « the life of couples: comparative study between Syrian couples, French and Franco-Syrian ». This study highlights relationship of the family which is considered as a crucial cell that builds society. This study is the first of its kind that attempts to explore this issue thoroughly. This thesis is interested in analyzing the structure of couples in two diffrent societies and two cultures in both Syria and France. This study focuses on the importance of the role of the family and social environment in either stability or instability cases and in the difficulties that couples are passing through sometimes. The research sample consists of 55 couples (110 sujets), which was divided into four groups as the following : 30 Syrian couples living in Syria, and 13 Syrian couples living in France, 7 Franco-Syrian couples living in France, and 5 French couples living in France. The reserch is based mainly on undirected interviews containing questions about couples life, marital understanding, and projective test TAT. Search results : The studied variables shows a quiet signifiant difference between the four groups in the sample, while there are two variables which are the marital understand and the joint activities between the couple that did not show any differences. In conclusion, this study helps in defining the marriage success factors in terms of matching and agreement between the couple and disagreement between them. Also defining the causes of tension and conflit and provides bases to develop a consultation program to improve the relationship between the couple.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:07:38Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 juliao_ch_dr_fran.pdf: 227901 bytes, checksum: a121ce15c3c1c9b3829c889602d61b68 (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Este estudo teve por objetivo compreender a atuação do Conselho Tutelar de Orlândia-SP no fenômeno da violência doméstica contra crianças e adolescentes. O Conselho Tutelar é o órgão que, de acordo com o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente, é responsável por receber denúncias de suspeitas ou confirmação de situações de maus tratos, exploração, abuso e negligência impostas pelos pais ou responsáveis. É, portanto, através do Conselho Tutelar que a violência contra crianças e adolescentes praticada no interior da família sai do espaço privado para o público, adquirindo visibilidade social e exigindo, deste órgão, a aplicação de medidas de proteção. Para concretizarmos nosso estudo, realizamos o levantamento de dados através de pesquisa documental, consultando os prontuários de atendimento do Conselho Tutelar e coleta de relatos orais. Identificamos, no período de janeiro a novembro de 2003, 26 denúncias desta forma de violência. Com a realização de entrevista com um conselheiro tutelar e com dois profissionais da área da saúde e educação, coletamos informações sobre a atuação do Conselho Tutelar, assim como sobre as medidas adotadas por instituições de atendimento a crianças e adolescentes ao identificarem uma situação de violência doméstica. O Conselho Tutelar, tendo conhecimento de denúncias desse tipo de violência, toma medidas no sentido de se constatar a procedência ou não da mesma, entretanto, no que diz respeito às medidas de proteção à vítima, contatamos que estas nem sempre ocorrem. Esperamos que este estudo venha a propiciar reflexões sobre tão polêmico e candente tema e que essas reflexões possibilitem ações mais efetivas de proteção às crianças e aos adolescentes vítimas de violência doméstica em Orlândia, assim como sirvam de motivação para estudos posteriores. / This study had as an objective to understand the performance of the Tutelary Advice of Orlândia-SP in the phenomenon of the domestic violence against children and teenagers. The Tutelary Advice is an organ that, in accordance with the Child and the Teenager Statute is in charge of receiving denunciation of suspicious or confirmation of situations of maltreatment, exploration, abuse and negligence imposed by the parents or responsible people. Therefore, it is through the Tutelary Advice that the violence against children and teenagers practised inside the family leaves out the private space for the public, then being acquired a social visibility and demanding from this organ, the application of protection means. To materialize our study, we made a data-collecting through documentary research, by consulting attendance handbooks of Tutelary Advice and by collecting verbal stories. We have identified in the period from January to November 2003, 26 claims of this form of violence. With the accomplishment of the interview with a Tutelary Council member and two professionals of the health area and education so we have collected information on the Tutelary Advice, as well as on the means adopted by the assistance institutions for the children and teenagers when identifying a situation of domestic violence. The Tutelary Advice when having knowledge of denunciations of this type, takes steps in the sense of checking the origin or not of the same one, however, in what measures of protection to the victim is concerned, we have verified that these procedures not always occur. We hope that this study come to provide reflections on this so controversial and cadent subject and that these reflections make possible more effective protection actions to children and teenagers who are victims of domestic violence in Orlândia-SP, as well as to be a motivation for further studies.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:48:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4305.pdf: 2120950 bytes, checksum: 959d202140129b116f54d9eadf3aab57 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-29 / The objective of this study was to understand the psychological and cultural meanings of health professionals of Primary Health Care (PHC) on the issue of women in situations of domestic violence served by them including their uncertainties and difficulties. We tried to interpret the views of these professionals, or their ideas, perceptions and concepts with which they work. The research consisted of Basic Health Units (BHU) of a municipality in the state of Sao Paulo. This is a qualitative study with semi-structured interviews, which contents were analyzed for their utterances expressed during these interviews. We tried to close the final number of participants for sampling by empirical and theoretical saturation. In other words, utterances (corresponding to the empirical data "raw") were analyzed, interview by interview, and were organized into categories formulated in accordance with the theoretical view of the researchers, the interruption of data collection occurred when the empirical data did not support anymore the formulation of new analytical categories and also no longer contributed to the deepening of the categories set out above, in the judgment of the researchers. The results are the 14 subjects that after transcribed, correspond to a corpus of 42,336 words. Respondents comprise a relatively heterogeneous group, with regard to trained professionals (nurses, nursing assistant, nurse, doctors, dentists and pharmacists). For each of the pre-made categories, which were translated into the proposed topics to the participants, were formulated analytical categories: themes or types of statements related to the problems surrounding the issue of women in violent situations (understanding of the phenomenon), emerged in these three Categories: About the violence, risk factors, gender issues. In pre-category themes or types of statements related to the first reception and care for women victims of violence were raised three categories: APS and violence against women, Dynamics of the reception and first aid, Notification. In the themes or types of statements related to other procedures to be undertaken in the APS and women in situations of violence fell into two categories: secondary and tertiary preventive measures and Prevention. Finally, the pre-category: themes or types of statements about the possible difficulties in personal and institutional care provided in APS appeared four: Social and psychosocial, educational difficulties, intrasectoral difficulties, and intersectoral difficulties. The work of discussion of these results was performed by means of a gender perspective. It can be concluded from the difficulty of PHC professionals in meeting the women in violent situations, and these difficulties begin to address the woman who is in this situation to the development / implementation of the plan of care. There is a need for intersectoral work of the network to approach these women and full inclusion in school curricula of the problem for society to constantly look for gender equality and so you can prepare your professionals to meet these women. The limits of the research were identified. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi compreender significações psicológicas e culturais de profissionais de saúde da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) sobre a questão das mulheres em situação de violência doméstica por eles atendidas, incluindo suas eventuais dúvidas e dificuldades. Procuramos interpretar os pontos de vista desses profissionais, ou seja, suas ideias, percepções e conceitos com que trabalham. O campo de pesquisa foi constituído por Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) de um município do interior do Estado de São Paulo. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo com entrevistas semidirigidas, cujos conteúdos foram analisados quanto às enunciações expressas durante esses depoimentos. Procurou-se fechar o número final de participantes pela técnica de amostragem por saturação empírica e teórica. Noutros termos, as enunciações (correspondentes aos dados empíricos brutos ) foram analisadas, entrevista por entrevista, e foram organizadas em categorias formuladas de acordo com a visão teórica dos pesquisadores; a interrupção da coleta de dados deu-se quando os dados empíricos não mais subsidiaram a formulação de novas categorias analíticas e também não mais contribuíram para o aprofundamento das categorias anteriormente formuladas, segundo o julgamento dos pesquisadores. Os resultados dizem respeito a entrevistas com 14 sujeitos que, depois de transcritas, corresponderam a um corpus de 42.336 palavras. Os entrevistados compõem um grupo relativamente heterogêneo quanto às formações profissionais (enfermeiros, auxiliar de enfermagem, técnico de enfermagem, médicos, odontólogos e farmacêutico). Para cada uma das pré-categorias formuladas, que foram traduzidas em questões propostas aos participantes, foram formuladas categorias analíticas. A primeira correspondeu a temas ou tipos de enunciados relacionados à problemática que envolve a questão da mulher em situação de violência (compreensão do fenômeno); nestas surgiram três categorias: Sobre a violência, Fatores de riscos, Questões de gênero. A segunda correspondeu a enunciados relacionados à recepção e aos primeiros cuidados às mulheres em situação de violência foram levantadas três categorias: APS e a violência contra mulher, Dinâmica da recepção e primeiros cuidados e Notificação. Da terceira pré-categoria, relativa a temas ou tipos de enunciados relacionados aos outros procedimentos a serem empreendidos na APS quanto às mulheres em situação de violência, emergiram duas categorias: Medidas preventivas secundárias e terciárias e Prevenção. Por fim, na pré-categoria relativa aos temas ou tipos de enunciados sobre as eventuais dificuldades pessoais e institucionais nos atendimentos realizados na APS, foram elaboradas quatro: Questões sociais e psicossociais, Dificuldades educacionais, Dificuldades intrasetoriais, Dificuldades intersetoriais. O trabalho de discussão destes resultados foi realizado por meio da perspectiva teórica de gênero. Podese concluir a dificuldade dos profissionais da APS no atendimento das mulheres em situação de violência, sendo que essas dificuldades iniciam-se na abordagem inicial da mulher que se encontra nessa situação até a elaboração/execução do plano de cuidado. Observa-se a necessidade do trabalho da rede intersetorial para a abordagem integral dessas mulheres e a inserção da problemática nos currículos escolares para que a sociedade caminhe em busca da igualdade de gênero e para que possa preparar seus profissionais para o atendimento dessas mulheres. Os limites da pesquisa foram apontados.

Au XXème siècle, marqué par une sensibilité particulière au tragique et à l’absurdité du monde, un puissant rameau d’écrits au fond desquels résonne le désir du bonheur qu’on trouve ici et là, dans des éléments variés, se trouve grandi et fleuri. Le but de certains écrivains est d’exposer leur propre conception. Parmi ces écrits, les œuvres de Jacques Chardonne. A partir de sa propre expérience et de son regard sur les autres, Chardonne traite du bonheur dans deux types d’écrits : romanesques et non romanesques. Dans le premier il parle spécialement du bonheur dans la vie à deux. Il attache une grande importance à chercher les figures de ce bonheur : ce qui fait le bonheur conjugal, comment l’atteindre et quels sont les facteurs qui peuvent le perpétuer. La femme et ses caractéristiques sont le pôle principal de ce bonheur. L’amour est essentiel, il « est beaucoup plus que l’amour ». Pourtant c’est la satisfaction du personnage qui rend ce bonheur accompli. Des obstacles peuvent empêcher le personnage d’atteindre ce bonheur, mais l’adoption de certains procédés narratifs aide Chardonne à sauvegarder dans ses écrits les traits du bonheur.Une série des œuvres non romanesques, œuvre autobiographique et essais parlent de ce qui fait le bonheur dans la vie de Chardonne : son enfance dans sa ville natale, Barbezieux, au milieu de gens toujours heureux, l’amour partagé, l’amitié, le métier et les beaux paysages découverts pendant ses voyages dans sa vie d’adulte, ainsi que son petit jardin à la vieillesse. Un peu de regret et les souvenirs de son séjour dans la prison de Cognac à la Libération troublent la vie paisible de Chardonne. La philosophie qui traduit un acte de volonté intérieure, « Cela m’a suffi » dont s’est réclamé Chardonne pendant toute sa vie, rend le bonheur un état permanent dans tous ses écrits comme dans sa vie. / During the 20th century era, when the tragedy and the absurdity were dominant; a series of writings which were interested in happiness and pleasure, that here and there, in varied elements, flourished. The aim of most authors was to demonstrate their personal ideas and perceptions of happiness. One of these compositions was the collection of Jacques Chardonne. From his personal experience and his vision at the others, Chardonne discusses happiness in two types of writings: fictional and non fictional. In the first category he speaks specifically of happiness in life to two. He attaches great importance to find the figures of this happiness: the strategies which help to achieve it, and the factors which can perpetuate it. From his view, the woman and her characteristics are the pole essential of this happiness. Also the love is essential. It "is much more than love". Yet, it is the author's satisfaction that restores this happiness perfect. In his writings, although there are some obstacles which may prevent full achievement of happiness, yet Chardonne was able to overcome most of them by adapting a special narrative strategy to keep the sense of happiness in the general atmosphere.A series of non fictional writings, autobiographic story and trials, talk about the elements of the happiness in Chardonne’s life. Some are related to the happy childhood, in his mother country, Barbezieux, where he lived and brought up with happy people; as well as the mutual love, the good friendship, his career, and the enormously beautiful views in the trips during his youth, and the small garden during his senility. However, there are some regrets and his memories about the time that he spent in the prison of Cognac during the Liberation disturb the quiet life of Chardonne."This satisfied me" was the philosophy that had been adapted by Chardonne throughout his life, which can be translated as the interior will and desire which built up the persistent feeling of happiness reflected in all of his writings.

This research has the object of analysis to the woman care network in situation of violence in Aracaju - SE. The purpose of the study focused on ascertaining how the professionals linked to services, inserted in this network, coordinate their actions to offer comprehensive care to women. In order to meet this proposal, a discussion of unequal gender relations was raised, the aspects of gender violence, Network and subtypes, social protection and comprehensive care, developed in three chapters of this study. The research is exploratory with a qualitative approach. The main instruments used for data collection were the documentary interview and analysis of official publications of the Policy Secretariat for Women of the Presidency. The research universe consists of services of healthcare policies, Social Welfare, Public Security and Justice. However, the sample is composed of twelve institutions distributed among the areas mentioned, with the subject: social workers and psychologists, representing the technical staff in the provision of care and the professionals responsible for the coordination and management of the policy in the municipality. Understanding the gender meaning qualifies - as a starting point for understanding the violence that stems from the contradictions involving this category. We opted for the use of the term gender violence to the detriment of violence against women to understand that public policy for women adopted this broader conception, which allows, among other issues, observe the phenomenon both within the homosexuals relations as heterosexuals. Gender violence is revealed through varied and complex expressions, which require interventions of different actors and social groups, with a view to solving them. It was observed that the strategies used to articulate the interventional actions in favor of confronting and overcoming gender violence are the result of initiatives in micro work space, within each service between the work teams, individually, without, however, achieve greater coverage following the premise of intersectionality. The strategy pursued treat the establish possible partnerships, which are given in campaigns, the implementation of projects in specific communities, as well as informal contacts with professionals by written referrals, phone calls and institutional visits. The lack of communication between Network members was cited as one of the limitations to performance in this context and when linked to the absence of professional qualification shows that the operation of the service network depends on the development of a set of actions and subjects. Therefore, for the provision of care to women in full it is necessary to check all the conditions of the process. / A presente pesquisa tem como objeto de análise a Rede de atendimento à mulher em situação de violência em Aracaju - SE. A finalidade do estudo se concentrou em averiguar de que forma os profissionais, vinculados aos serviços, inseridos nessa Rede, articulam suas ações para oferta de atendimento integral à mulher. No intuito de atender a essa proposta, foi levantada uma discussão acerca das relações desiguais de gênero, dos aspectos da violência de gênero, da Rede e subtipos, da proteção social e atendimento integral, desenvolvidos nos três capítulos desse estudo. A pesquisa é do tipo exploratória com abordagem qualitativa. Os principais instrumentos utilizados para a coleta de dados foram a entrevista e análise documental de publicações oficiais da Secretaria de Política para Mulheres da Presidência da República. O universo da pesquisa é constituído dos serviços das políticas de Saúde, Assistência Social, Segurança Pública e Justiça. No entanto, a amostra é composta por doze instituições distribuídas entre as áreas citadas, sendo os sujeitos: assistentes sociais e psicólogos, representando a equipe técnica na oferta de atendimento e os profissionais responsáveis pela coordenação e gestão da política no município. A compreensão do significado de gênero qualifica - se como ponto de partida para o entendimento da violência que tem origem nas contradições que envolvem essa categoria. Optou-se pelo uso do termo violência de gênero em detrimento de violência contra a mulher por compreender que a política pública para as mulheres adota essa concepção mais abrangente, a qual permite, dentre outras questões, observar o fenômeno tanto no seio das relações homoafetivas como heterossexuais. A violência de gênero se revela através de expressões variadas e complexas, as quais demandam intervenções de diferentes atores e segmentos sociais, com vistas ao seu enfrentamento. Observou-se que as estratégias utilizadas para articular as ações interventivas, em prol do enfrentamento e superação da violência de gênero, são decorrentes de iniciativas desenvolvidas no espaço micro de atuação, no interior de cada serviço entre as equipes de trabalho, individualmente, sem, contudo, alcançar maior abrangência, seguindo a premissa da intersetorialidade. As estratégias buscadas tratam do estabelecimento de parcerias eventuais, as quais se dão em campanhas, na operacionalização de projetos em comunidades específicas, além de contatos informais com profissionais, mediante encaminhamentos escritos, ligações telefônicas e visitas institucionais. A ausência de comunicação entre os integrantes da Rede foi citada como uma das limitações para a atuação nesse contexto e, quando vinculada a ausência de qualificação profissional permite verificar que o funcionamento da Rede de atendimento depende do desenvolvimento de um conjunto de ações e sujeitos. Portanto, para a oferta do atendimento à mulher na integralidade se faz necessário verificar todos os condicionantes do processo.

Au moment de l’élaboration du projet de la loi de la protection de la famille en 2007, il semblait exister un consensus général parmi les politiciens, les religieux, les universitaires et les activistes des droits de la femme, sur la nécessité de réformer les dispositions légales iraniennes concernant la famille. Pourtant, en dépit des attentes, la nouvelle L.P.F. a totalement maintenu la même structure de rapport entre les époux que celle qui avait été régie par les dispositions antérieures. Ces inégalités étant fondées sur le droit imamite, ont été justifiées depuis la fin des années 1960, par la théorie de non similitude exposée par Ayatollah Motahari. Selon la théorie de non similitude, du fait de leur différence de nature, l’homme et la femme ne peuvent pas avoir le même rôle : à la femme, le rôle de reproduction de la vie au sein de l’instance familiale, à l’homme la reproduction de la richesse afin de subvenir aux besoins de la famille. A travers l’étude des inégalités dans rapports personnels et patrimoniaux des époux, l’étude montre que cette division du travail n’assure pas une vie conjugale pacifique, digne et équilibrée. L’étude montre aussi que la protection matérielle de l’épouse dure uniquement durant la vie du mari. Par ailleurs, les mesures matérielles de protection théoriquement accordées à l’épouse, sont, en pratique, très difficiles à percevoir. En outre, cette compensation matérielle n’est pas suffisante pour réparer le dommage moral subi par celle-ci / At the time of drafting the family protection bill in 2007, there seemed to be a general consensus among politicians, religious, academics and women's rights activists on the need to revise the Iranian family law legislation. However, despite the anticipations, the new family protection law, has totally maintained the same structure of relation between the spouses as that which had been enacted in previous legislations. These inequalities, based on imamite law, have been justified since the end of the 1960s by the theory of non-similarity between man and woman, set forth by ayatollah Motahari. According to the theory of non-similarity, because of their difference in nature, men and women can not have the same tasks. To woman, the role of reproduction of life within the family; to man, the reproduction of wealth in order to provide for the needs of the family. But, the fact that several pecuniary relations between the spouses were affected by the new family protection law proves that from the point of view of the Iranian legislator, the balance which was supposed to dominate the relation between the spouses was disturbed. The study of inequalities in the personal and patrimonial relations of the spouses, the study shows that this division of task does not ensure a peaceful, dignified and balanced married life. The study also proves that the material protection of the wife lasts only during the life of the husband. On another note, the materiel protection measures that are theoretically granted to the wife, are practically very difficult to perceive. Furthermore, such material compensation is not sufficient to recompense for the non-pecuniary damage suffered by her