<p>Background: There has been a process of de-institutionalisation and mental health care re-forms in Sweden. Social services are, according to the law, responsible for helping persons with mental illness to live a life like others and to participate in the community. The aim of the study was to describe the culture in one of the social services adult day care center for social relations and activities in Stockholm. The aim was also to focus on the importance of the adult day care center for recovery and empowerment from the participants´ perspective. Methods Observations in the adult day care center were combined with four interviews with regular participants. Findings The culture could be described as a jovial "non-family" where the professionals had a parenting position and the participants could be seen as adult family members. Although the "non-family" could offer protection, safety and possibilities for re¬covery and empowerment, the study showed that there is a lack of opportunities for recovery and empowerment. Implications The possibility for people with mental illness to live like others and participate in the community is limited to a parallel participation and the question is if and how an interactive participation can be achieved.</p>

Background: There has been a process of de-institutionalisation and mental health care re-forms in Sweden. Social services are, according to the law, responsible for helping persons with mental illness to live a life like others and to participate in the community. The aim of the study was to describe the culture in one of the social services adult day care center for social relations and activities in Stockholm. The aim was also to focus on the importance of the adult day care center for recovery and empowerment from the participants´ perspective. Methods Observations in the adult day care center were combined with four interviews with regular participants. Findings The culture could be described as a jovial "non-family" where the professionals had a parenting position and the participants could be seen as adult family members. Although the "non-family" could offer protection, safety and possibilities for re¬covery and empowerment, the study showed that there is a lack of opportunities for recovery and empowerment. Implications The possibility for people with mental illness to live like others and participate in the community is limited to a parallel participation and the question is if and how an interactive participation can be achieved.

During the latter part of the 20th century the situation for people with intellectual disabilities in Sweden changed and developed. Clients have the right to participation and self-determination in society and in applied measures under the law of individual rights legislation; LSS. The purpose of this study is to describe and understand how team-leaders and managers in day-centres in a municipality works with participation and self-determination for clients, and what the professionals consider affects the client's possibility to self-determination and participation. The research questions intended to be answered are: • How does the team-leaders and managers work to enable self-determination and participation of the users in the public day-centres? • What does the team-leaders and managers describe and understand as enabling and limiting factors for the client’s possibility to self-determination and participation? The study is qualitative and interviews have been held with eight interviewees, which I contacted through snowball sampling. I contacted three managers and five team-leaders in day-centres. The result shows that the organization has different methods and approaches to enable self-determination and participation of clients in day-centres in the investigated municipality. Some forms are collective and some are individual. The results show that methods have elements of both empowerment and paternalism. The view and attitude from the team-leaders on clients as subjects or objects play a major role in how the daily work with self-determination and participation for clients is made possible. The second part of the result shows how the interviewees describe the complex interplay of various factors affecting the extent of the client's possibility to self-determination and participation. The result shows several factors that promote and many others that limit. There are many different kinds of circumstances described and understood as affecting the possibility. All informants describe the individual client's communicative ability as an important factor, and other circumstances mentioned are factors in the environment such as different actors in the client's network, workplace environment, and team-leaders personal qualities and knowledge in the field of disability.

This study aims to explore purposes of daily workshops for persons with disabilities. The method used was qualitative interviews. An inductive research strategy was used. Half-structured interviews with six managers of daily workshops were carried out, wherein they expressed their intentions with the daily workshops and the reasons for people to participate. The interviews were analysed with Antonovsky´s salutogenetic perspective, in which Sense of Coherence, SOC is a main concept, and with the normalisation principle. The study indicates that the managers aim to create a good, rather than a normalizing work situation for their participants. The main result is that the managers want the work to be meaningful, appreciated and for the benefit of others.

This essay aims to examine the meaning work at daily activity centers gives people with intellectual disabilities and the questions these people consider necessary to ask in quality surveys. This has been done by interviews with twelve respondents in various daily activitiy centers within a private care company in the Stockholm area. The theories that has been used to analyze the empirical data is SOC - sence of coherence, stigma and empowerment. The result shows that the meaning of daily activity is to create and maintain social contacts, feeling important and needed by others and an opportunity to feel “normal” and like everybody else. Furthermore, the results show that the possibility of self-determination, the fellowship with personal and other participants and to have tasks with moderate severity are necessary questions to ask in quality surveys. Another result shows that the respondents are aware that the absence of salary differs a regular job from work in a daily activity center.

Denna studie avser till att ta reda på vilka upplevelser pedagoger har av elevers medverkan i ett projekt gällande daglig fysisk aktivitet som genomförs på en skola i mellersta Sverige. Två elevgrupper och fyra pedagoger är eller har varit involverade i projektet. Första gruppen som deltog i projektet genomförde det läsåret 15/16 och den andra gruppen läsåret 16/17. Pedagogen som ansvarar för projektet har arbetat med båda grupperna och i grupperna har det funnits en respektive två klassrumspedagoger. De fyra pedagogerna har intervjuats och det insamlade materialet från intervjuerna har transkriberats och analyserats utifrån en fenomenografisk analysmodell. Resultatet visar att pedagogerna upplever att den dagliga fysiska aktiviteten förbättrar/påverkar elevernas välmående och att sammanhållningen i de båda grupperna har stärkts genom projektet. Pedagogerna upplever även att elevernas koncentrationsförmåga har förbättrats, vilket i sin tur leder till att de kan utföra ett bättre skolarbete.

Bakgrund: Bensår är ett tillstånd som blir allt vanligare i Sverige, ökar i takt med hög ålder och definieras som sår som inte läkt inom sex veckor. Att leva med en kronisk hudsjukdom innebär att anpassningar i det dagliga livet måste ske. Syfte: Syftet med föreliggande studie var att beskriva hur personer med bensår upplever sin vardag samt att beskriva vilka undersökningsgrupper som ingick i de inkluderade artiklarna. Metod: En beskrivande litteraturstudie som inkluderade tio stycken vetenskapliga artiklar som söktes fram i databaserna Cinahl och PubMed. Huvudresultat: Bensår påverkade personernas liv fysiskt, psykiskt och socialt. Stora faktorer som bidrog till begränsningar i det dagliga livet var förekomsten av smärta, depression samt rädsla för att utöva fysisk aktivitet. Kontakten med vården var en stor del av vardagen, där personerna upplevde att vården tog upp mycket tid och personerna upplevde även att sjuksköterskorna hade för lite kunskap avseende deras sjukdom och lidande. I artiklarna som utgör resultatet var det mellan 5-1824 deltagare, de flesta deltagarna var kvinnor, åldersspannet var mellan 18 - 104 år, det var främst venösa bensår som förekom och deltagarna hade haft sina bensår mellan 6 veckor - 43 år. Slutsatser: Att leva med ett bensår skapade begränsningar i det dagliga livet och smärta, depression samt rädsla för att utöva fysiskt aktivitet förekom. Det är viktigt som sjuksköterska att uppmärksamma denna patientgrupp för att ge ett professionellt bemötande och en god omvårdnad. / Background: A Leg ulcer is a condition that is becoming more common in Sweden with higher age. Leg ulcers are defined as wounds that are not healed within six weeks. Living with a chronic skin disease means that adaptions in daily life must happen. Aim: The purpose of this study was to describe how people with leg ulcers experience their daily life and to describe which study groups are applied in the included articles. Method: A descriptive literature study that includes ten scientific articles which were searched in the databases Cinahl and PubMed. Main result: Leg ulcer affected people's lives physically, psychologically and socially. Major factors that contributed to daily life limitations where the presence of pain, depression and fear of performing physical activity. The contact with healthcare was a major part of everyday life, were the persons perceived that care took up a lot of time and the persons also found that the nurses had little knowledge about their illness and suffering. In the articles that represented the result there were between 5-1824 participants, most of the participants were women, the age range was between 18-104 years, it was mainly venous leg ulcers that occurred and the participants have had leg ulcer between 6 weeks - 43 years. Conclusion: Living with a leg ulcer created limitation in daily life as a result of pain, depression and fear of performing physical activity. As a nurse it is very important to pay attention to this patient group to provide professional treatment and good care.

Syftet med studien är att öka förståelsen kring hur produktionen utav betongväggar i prefabriceringsbranschen kan effektiviseras. Genom insamlande av teori, framförallt inom LEAN, och empiriskt material har information kunnat analyseras och förbättringsförslag inom ramen för förbättringsarbete, 5S och visuell styrning har belysts. Tidmätningar har gjorts för att se hur mycket tid som i dagsläget är värdeskapande och hur tid som inte är det ska hanteras.

Bakgrund: Att låta sina egna personliga känslor och värderingar uttryckas i den professionella rollen anses i tidigare forskning vara nödvändigt för att undvika utbrändhet. Det är viktigt att man som professionell är medveten om sina egna känslor och tillåter dem att ta plats men att man i arbetet med brukare ständigt låter fokuset vara på deras självbestämmande. Samtidigt som man skapar sig en relation till brukaren där man som professionell vet när man bör ta ett steg tillbaka för att öka och låta individen själv utveckla ett självbestämmande.Syfte & frågeställningar: Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur personal inom LSS upplever att deras egna känslor påverkar deras arbete med att främja brukarens självbestämmande. Utifrån detta har vi tre frågeställningar som berör personalens hinder och möjligheter i att främja självbestämmandet och hur erfarenhet kan påverka personalens känslohantering. Sista frågan berör personalens egna upplevelse av känslor och värderingar i arbetet med självbestämmande.Metod: För att besvara studiens syfte och frågeställningar har sju semistrukturerade intervjuer utförts med personal inom LSS olika verksamheter. För att skapa en förståelse och struktur i vår empiri utförde vi en tematisering och kodning. Studien har även utgått från emotionsteori och en teori om sociala band.Resultat: Resultatet uppmärksammar hur informanterna som deltagit i vår studie anser att det är av vikt att erhålla en professionell roll i arbetet med att främja brukarens självbestämmande. Samt hur de väljer att inte låta sin personliga roll med egna känslor och värderingar få utrymme i rollen som professionell och hur de utvecklat strategier för att hantera känslorna som kan uppstå. Anledningen till att de inte låter sina egna känslor och värderingar ta plats i sin professionella roll bygger enligt informanterna på en förväntan kring hur de som professionella bör agera i olika situationer i arbetet. / Background: In order to avoid burnout, previous research has shown the need to express one’s own personal feelings and values in the professional role. It is important that as a professional to be aware of your own feelings and allow them to take their place, but while working leave the focus on the users’ self-determination. While creating a relationship with the user, you as a professional know when to take a step back to increase and allow the individual to develop a self-determination.Aim & questions: The purpose of the study is to examine how staff at LSS experience that their own emotions affect their work in promoting the user's self-determination. Based on this, we have three research questions focusing on staff's barriers and opportunities in promoting self-determination and how experience can affect staff emotional management. The last question concerns the staff's own experience of feelings and values in the work of self-determination.Method: To answer the study's aim and questions, seven semi-structured interviews were conducted with staff at LSS different operations. In order to create an understanding and structure of our empiricism, we performed a thematic and a coding system. The study has also been based on emotion theory and a theory of social ties.Results: The result highlights how the informants who participated in our study believe it is important to obtain a professional role in the work of promoting the user's self-determination, as well as how they choose not to let their personal role with their own feelings and values take up space in the role of professional, and lastly how they have developed strategies for dealing with the emotions that may arise. The reason why they do not let their own feelings and values take their place in their professional role is, according to the informants, based on an expectation about how they as professionals should act in different situations at work.

Det finns många tidigare studier om hur kommunikation sker mellan strategisk och taktisk nivå samt problematiken med kommunikationen. Många studier visar att informationsspridning påverkar om en organisations mål kan uppnås och att acceptans och förståelse för informationen är viktigt för att det ska vara möjligt, däremot kan det skilja sig i olika typer av arbetsgrupper. Denna studie riktar istället in sig på medarbetare på den operativa nivån och hur produktionsmål kommuniceras till dem genom daglig visuell styrning. Studien syftar till att (1) skapa insikt om hur kommunikation av produktionsmål kan ske mellan ledare och medarbetare på operativ nivå i en organisation inom gruvindustrin, (2) identifiera och förklara förekommande likheter och skillnader avseende kommunikation av produktionsmål mellan olika organisatoriska enheter inom en sådan organisation, (3) analysera förhållandet mellan kommunikation av produktionsmål och acceptans samt förståelse för de kommunicerade målen hos organisationens operativa medarbetare, samt att (4) skapa förståelse för hur avvikelser från produktionsmål påverkar organisationens dagliga visuella styrning.  Studien är en förklarande fallstudie med två analysenheter med induktiva och deduktiva inslag och genomfördes med semistrukturerade intervjuer, observationer och analys av dokument. Studiens teoretiska utgångspunkt är Shannon och Weavers kommunikationsteori. I studiens resultat identifieras fyra teman; processen, kommunikation, dagliga mål samt förändringar i daglig styrning, som visar att det finns likheter och skillnader i grupperna som studerades. Resultatet visar att det finns skillnader i hur kommunikation av produktionsmål sker mellan ledare och medarbetare på operativ nivå och att likheter med Shannon och Weavers kommunikationsmodell återfinns i delar av processen. Resultatet visar att kommunikation av produktionsmål genom daglig visuell styrning oftast leder till acceptans och förståelse, men att det finns skillnader inom olika grupper på operativ nivå. Resultatet ligger till grund för en utvecklad analysmodell som beskriver ytterligare faktorer som kan påverka förståelsen och acceptansen för målen. Analysmodellen leder fram till studiens slutsats som visar att kommunikation av produktionsmål genom daglig visuell styrning påverkar acceptansen och förståelsen för målen. Studien leder fram till att grupper har olika behov av information vid kommunikation av produktionsmål. Studien leder även fram till att informationsbrist är en av faktorerna som påverkar acceptansen och förståelsen. Studien visar att anpassning av produktionsmålen sker vid avvikelser och att det påverkar organisationens dagliga visuella styrning. / There are several previous studies that show that the flow of communication between strategic and tactical levels within an organization, as well as the problems with communication. Many studies show that the dissemination of information and the importance of acceptance and understanding of information impacts if the goals of organization's can be achieved. However, it can differ among various units within an organization. This study focuses on how the communication of production targets take place through daily visual control of the operational level. The study aims to (1) create insight into how communication of production targets can occur between managers and employees at the operational level within an organization in the mining industry, (2) identify and explain existing similarities and differences regarding the communication of production targets between different organizational units within such an organization, (3) analyse the relationship between communication of production targets and acceptance as well as understanding for the communicated targets among the employees at the operational level in the organization, and (4) create understanding of how deviations from production targets affect the organization’s daily visual control.  The study is an explanatory case study with two embedded cases with inductive and deductive elements and was conducted through semi-structured interviews, observations and document analysis. The theoretical point of the study is Shannon and Weaver’s communication theory. The result presents four themes; the process, communication, daily targets and daily control changes, which shows that there are similarities and differences between the studied units. The result shows that there are differences in how communication of production targets occurs between managers and employees at the operational level, and that similarities with Shannon and Weaver’s communication theory can be found in the process. The result shows that communication of production targets through daily visual control usually leads to acceptance and understanding, but that there are differences within different units at the operational level. An improved analysis model is based on the result and describes additional factors that can influence the understanding and acceptance of the goals.  The analysis model leads to the study’s conclusion which is that communication of production targets through daily visual control affects the acceptance and understanding of the targets. The study shows that units have different needs of information about the communicated production targets. The study also shows that a lack of information is one of the other factors that affects the acceptance and understanding of the goals. The study shows that adaptation of the production targets happens in the event of deviations and that it affects the organization’s daily visual control.