La forte prévalence des troubles des conduites alimentaires (TCA) chez les jeunes femmes et les faibles taux de rémission suite à un traitement ont encouragé les chercheurs à mieux comprendre les facteurs impliqués dans ce trouble mental. L’un des premiers modèles à mettre l’emphase sur des traits de personnalité associés au développement d’un TCA a été proposé par Hilde Bruch (1962, 1973, 1978) et a toujours une grande influence dans la recherche actuelle. Le modèle de Bruch inclue trois facteurs, soit l’insatisfaction corporelle, l’inefficacité et la conscience intéroceptive. Le but de cette thèse est d’apporter un support empirique au modèle de Bruch. En se basant sur une revue extensive des écrits scientifiques, cette thèse vise aussi à déterminer si deux facteurs reliés, soit l’alexithymie et le sentiment d’efficacité personnelle face à l’adoption de conduites alimentaires saines, améliorent la précision du modèle dans la prédiction de symptômes de TCA. Pour répondre empiriquement à cette question, il était d’abord nécessaire de disposer d’un questionnaire évaluant le sentiment d’efficacité personnelle en lien avec les conduites alimentaires qui peut être utilisé dans tout le spectre de présentation des TCA. Ainsi, le Eating Disorder Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (EDRSQ) a été adapté en français et ses propriétés psychométriques ont été évaluées. Une analyse factorielle confirmatoire a révélé une structure bi-factorielle, soit le sentiment d’efficacité personnelle en lien avec l’insatisfaction corporelle et avec l’adoption d’une alimentation normative. Chaque échelle a démontré une bonne fiabilité ainsi qu’une validité de construit cohérente avec la théorie. Par la suite, la capacité des facteurs proposés par Bruch à prédire les symptômes de TCA a été évaluée et comparée à des adaptations du modèle découlant des écrits. Au total, 203 étudiantes de premier cycle universitaire ont complété les versions validées en français du Eating Disorder Inventory 2, du Eating Attitudes Test, et du Toronto Alexithymia Scale en plus du EDRSQ. Les résultats montrent que le modèle de Bruch explique 46% de la variance des symptômes de TCA. Alors que l’insatisfaction corporelle et la conscience intéroceptive démontrent chacun une contribution importante dans la prédiction des symptômes de TCA, il a été démontré que l’inefficacité présente seulement une contribution spécifique négligeable. Le modèle de Bruch est amélioré par la substitution de l’inefficacité par le sentiment d’efficacité personnelle tel que mesuré par le EDRSQ; le modèle explique alors 64% de la variance des symptômes de TCA. Finalement, cette étude démontre que l’alexithymie n’a pas de contribution spécifique dans la prédiction des symptômes de TCA. Ainsi, la combinaison d’une faible conscience intéroceptive, de l’insatisfaction corporelle et d’un faible sentiment d’efficacité personnelle en lien avec les conduites alimentaires est fortement associée aux symptômes de TCA dans un échantillon non-clinique de jeunes femmes. Finalement, les implications conceptuelles et cliniques de ces résultats sont discutées. / High prevalence of Eating Disorders (EDs) amongst young women and poor treatment outcome rates have urged researchers to better understand premorbid factors involved in the pathology. One of the first models to emphasize premorbid personality factors in order to explain eating disorders was proposed by Hilde Bruch (1962, 1973, 1978) and is still very influential in today’s literature. Bruch’s model included three factors, namely body dissatisfaction, ineffectiveness and interoceptive awareness. The purpose of this thesis was to provide an empirical validation of Bruch’s theoretical model. Based on the literature, this thesis also aimed to determine if two related concepts, namely alexithymia and eating self-efficacy, improved the accuracy of the model in predicting ED symptoms. To empirically answer this question, it was first deemed necessary to have an eating self-efficacy questionnaire that could be used within all the spectrum of ED pathology. Therefore, the Eating Disorder Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (EDRSQ) was adapted to French and its’ psychometric properties were assessed. A confirmatory factor analysis revealed a bi-factorial structure, which were Body Image Self-Efficacy and Normative Eating Self-Efficacy. Both scales demonstrated evidence of reliability and theoretically consistent evidence of construct validity. Afterwards, Bruch’s factors ability to predict ED symptoms was assessed and then compared to empirically driven adaptations of the model. A total of 203 undergraduate females completed the Eating Disorder Inventory 2, Eating Attitudes Test, and Toronto Alexithymia Scale, as well as the EDRSQ. The results indicated that Bruch’s model accounted for 46% of the variance in eating symptomatology. While body dissatisfaction and interoceptive awareness both demonstrated an important contribution in predicting ED symptomatology, ineffectiveness was found to have a negligible specific contribution. Bruch’s model was improved by substituting ineffectiveness with eating self-efficacy as measured by the EDRSQ; it then accounted for 64% of the variance in eating disorder symptoms. Finally, this study demonstrated that alexithymia was not a specific predictor of eating disorder symptoms. Thus, a combination of lack of interoceptive awareness, body dissatisfaction and low eating self-efficacy is strongly associated with symptoms of eating disorders in a non-clinical sample of women. Finally, the conceptual and clinical implications of these findings were discussed.

The purpose of this study was to examine what factors contribute to and result from body dissatisfaction using the theoretical framework of the Tripartite Model of Influence, which included family, peer, and media influence. Participants were recruited from SONA and student organizations and participated in an online survey (N =148). A MANCOVA indicated that Asian and White females did not differ in body dissatisfaction and other health outcomes. Thin-ideal internalization mediated the relationships between media influence, peer influence, and body dissatisfaction among Asian American females. Moderation analyses indicated that ethnic identity, Asian American identity, and acculturation did not moderate the relationship between the three tripartite influences and body dissatisfaction. Finally, a series of multiple regressions indicated that body dissatisfaction significantly predicted disordered eating, cosmetic surgery endorsement, and cigarette use among Asian Americans. Findings suggest that Asian American body dissatisfaction may be more related to Western influence than current literature shows.

Disordered eating, including bingeing, dieting, purging, and clinical and subclinical forms of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder, is prevalent among college-aged women. To date, few interventions have successfully reduced risk factors related to disordered eating. One promising intervention utilizes principles of cognitive dissonance to reduce thin-ideal internalization among women at risk for eating disorders. Additionally, the benefits of yoga, including increased awareness of bodily processes, offer hope that this practice might reduce disordered eating symptomatology. The current study compared cognitive dissonance and yoga interventions for disordered eating attitudes and behaviors. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that there were no significant differences between the yoga and control groups. However, participants in the dissonance group had significantly lower scores than both other groups on measures of disordered eating symptoms as well as thin-ideal internalization, body dissatisfaction, alexithymia, and anxiety. These findings have important implications for potential interventions on college campuses.

This study gives a platform to three old retired people who are constructed to be enjoying well-being and life satisfaction or going through life dissatisfaction after retirement. The epistemological framework was social constructionism. In-depth interviews with these three individuals were carried out. The premises of qualitative research were followed. The ‘case study approach’ was chosen as the most suitable method to gather information. Thematic content analysis was employed as a method of analysis of life stories of old retired people, which were reconstructed in terms of themes. Recurring themes in the life stories were then discussed and linked with the broader literature. The research allowed rich and informative information about life stories of three old retired people to emerge. Among the identified themes were financial status relating to adequate and appropriate sustenance after retirement; social networks and their effects on life satisfaction and dissatisfaction after retirement; health status; and cognitive functions in late adulthood. Everyone wishing to understand life in old age after retirement is encouraged to read this story. It is necessary to be sufficiently equipped in the event of an extended lifespan. / Psychology / M.A.(Psychology)

Esta investigação de caráter avaliativo da Atenção Básica à Saúde - ABS pretende produzir subsídios para decisões que fortaleçam a ABS, pautados na integralidade da atenção. Pesquisas de avaliação permitem verificar o modo como os direitos individuais e de cidadania são observados no acesso e utilização do sistema de saúde, considerando a assertiva das percepções dos usuários em relação às suas expectativas, valores e desejos. Na literatura, identificamos que a avaliação para decisão deve considerar metodologias de apreensão da realidade que possam ressignificar as práticas, envolvendo a participação de todos os atores responsáveis pela produção da saúde e impactando na qualidade dos serviços. Indagamos: sob o ponto de vista do usuário, o processo de implantação da ABS tem favorecido a produção de ações na perspectiva da integralidade? Partimos do pressuposto de que a integralidade agrega e articula diversos princípios da ABS, tendo maior potencialidade de revelar a expectativa do usuário e assim assinalar aspectos da satisfação e da insatisfação. Objetivamos avaliar a satisfação e a insatisfação manifestadas por usuários de unidades da rede de ABS do Distrito Oeste de Saúde, do município de Ribeirão Preto-SP, com relação à assistência prestada e ações desenvolvidas, na perspectiva da integralidade. Partimos da ideia que a integralidade, como princípio central da atenção à saúde das pessoas, é um elemento que deve ser investigado como parte inerente do processo de avaliação da satisfação e insatisfação dos usuários, na avaliação dos serviços de ABS. O percurso metodológico de natureza descritiva e abordagem qualitativa contou com 39 usuários participando de quatro grupos focais. Para análise, recorremos à análise de conteúdo em sua modalidade temática. Foram identificadas duas categorias empíricas, o acesso a diferentes tipos de ações e de serviços de saúde e as relações estabelecidas entre trabalhadores e usuários, nos diversos cenários dos serviços de saúde. Na categoria das relações, constatamos que a presença do cuidado nos encontros entre profissional e usuário, permeado pela conversa, vínculo e acolhimento, satisfaz e se constitui em aspectos facilitadores da prestação da assistência de forma integral. A não rotatividade médica foi aspecto relevante para se construir e manter os vínculos. Na categoria do acesso, a prática e o conhecimento dos trabalhadores na conformação dos serviços, possibilidades de atendimento às demandas e rotinas que podem obstaculizar ou facilitar o acesso ao elenco de serviços, foram responsáveis por uma mescla de expressões de satisfação e insatisfação. Já a localização da unidade de saúde, equipamentos, serviços e materiais disponíveis em sua estrutura física foram avaliados muitas vezes pelas expressões negativas dos usuários por se afastar do princípio da integralidade da atenção. Dentre o conjunto dos atributos da ABS emanados do discurso dos usuários, a integralidade, além do elenco de serviços ofertados, também comportou a dimensão da relação entre os trabalhadores e usuários, a subjetividade produzida nos diversos espaços dos serviços de saúde e os aspectos relacionados à responsabilidade do serviço frente às necessidades demandadas. Assim, constatamos que o comprometimento de um dos atributos da ABS foi responsável por fragilizar a integralidade da atenção. / This Primary Health Care - PHC assessment research intends to produce support for decision making to strengthen PHC, based on care comprehensiveness. Assessment studies permit checking how individual and civil rights are observed in the access to and use of the health system, in view of the assertion of users\' perceptions on their expectations, values and desires. In literature, it is identified that assessment for decision-making should consider methods to apprehend reality that can re-signify practices, involving the participation of all stakeholders in health production and affecting service quality. It is questioned whether, from a user perspective, the implantation process of PHC has favored the production of health actions from a care comprehensiveness perspective? We depart from the premise that comprehensiveness adds up and articulates different PHC principles, with greater potential to reveal user expectations and, thus, indicate satisfaction and dissatisfaction aspects. The goal was to assess satisfaction and dissatisfaction as manifested by users of PHC network units in the Western Health District of Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil, regarding the care delivered and actions developed from a comprehensiveness perspective. The research is based on the idea that comprehensiveness as a central principle of people\'s health care is an element that should be investigated as an inherent part of the user satisfaction and dissatisfaction evaluation process in the assessment of PHC services. The descriptive method and qualitative approach involved 39 users, participating in 04 focus groups. Thematic content analysis was used for analysis purposes. Two empirical categories were identified: access to different types of actions and health services, and relations established between workers and users in different health service scenarios. In the relations category, we verified that the presence of care in the encounters between professional and user, permeated by conversation, bonding and welcoming, satisfy and constitute facilitators of comprehensive care delivery. The absence of medical turnover was a relevant aspect to construct and maintain bonds. In the access category, workers\' practice and knowledge in the establishment of services, possibilities to respond to demands and routines that can hinder or facilitate access to the list of services were responsible for a mixture of expressions of satisfaction and dissatisfaction. The location of the health unit, equipment, services and materials available in its physical structure were often assessed with users\' negative expressions, due to their distance from the principle of care comprehensiveness. In the set of PHC attributes produced in users\' discourse, care comprehensiveness, besides the list of services offered, also included the dimension of the relation between workers and users, the subjectivity produced in the different spaces of health services and the aspects related to the service\'s accountability towards the demanded needs. Hence, we verified that the compromised status of one of the PHC attributes was responsible for weakening care comprehensiveness.

En negativ kroppsuppfattning är vanligare bland kvinnliga atleter inom sporter som kräver låg kroppsvikt och/eller kroppsfettprocent än övriga populationen (Goldfield, 2009; Kong & Harris, 2015). Kroppsmissnöje kan leda till ohälsosamma beteenden som överdriven träning, störda ätbeteenden eller dietbeteenden för att förändra kroppen samt undvikande beteenden (Grogan, 2006).Syftet med den befintliga studien var att undersöka Bikini Fitness-atleters erfarenheter och upplevelser av kroppsuppfattning kopplat till sporten och tävling. Sammanlagt deltog sex kvinnliga Bikini Fitness-atleter från södra Sverige i åldrarna 23–27 år (M=25, SD=1,29), som samtliga intervjuades individuellt i cirka 60 minuter. I studien av kvalitativ design analyserades den insamlade data genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys utifrån riktlinjer av Lundman och Hällgren-Graneheim (2012). Resultatet visade att det fanns erfarenheter av kroppsmissnöje relaterat till Bikini Fitness, då deltagarna rapporterade upplevelser som kan relateras till positiv men också negativ kroppsuppfattning. Detta stämde överens med tidigare forskning som konstaterat kroppsmissnöje bland atleter inom kroppsbyggnadssporten (Chaba, D’Arripe-Longueville, Scoffier-Mériaux & Lentillon-Kaestner, 2018).Den aktuella studien kan eventuellt bidra med meningsfull kunskap gällande Bikini Fitness-atleters upplevelser av kroppsuppfattning relaterat till sporten och tävling samt bidra till en djupare förståelse för Bikini Fitness som disciplin, hur deltagare i sporten upplever de olika momenten och perioderna samt när de behöver extra socialt stöd. / A negative body image is more common among female athletes in leanness-sports compared to the general population (Goldfield, 2009; Kong & Harris, 2015). Body dissatisfaction can lead to unhealthy behaviors like excessive exercise, disordered eating or dieting to change the body and avoidance (Grogan, 2006).The aim of the current study was to examine Bikini Fitness athlete’s experience of body image associated with the sport and competition. Totally six female Bikini Fitness athletes of age 23-27 (M=25, SD=1,29) from southern Sweden participated in an individual interview of approximately 60 minutes. In the qualitative study, the data was analysed in a qualitative content analysis by guidelines of Lundman and Hällgren-Graneheim (2012). The result showed that the athletes experienced body dissatisfaction related to Bikini Fitness and reported experiences related to both a positive and a negative body image. Moreover, the result was in line with previous research that discovered body dissatisfaction among athletes in the physique sport(Chaba et al., 2018). The current study may contribute with meaningful knowledge regarding Bikini Fitness-athlete’s experiences of body image related to the sport and competition. Also, to create a deeper understanding of Bikini Fitness as a discipline and how the different elements and periods is experienced by the athletes in the sport and when they need extra social support.

The body perception of humans varies across situations and is influenceable. A negative body image is existing among both men and women of all ages. The adaptation to mimic an unhealthy body ideal is difficult without regulated diet and exercise. Physical activity is therefore considered to be a strong motive for body image management. The aim of the study was to investigate the extent to which college students' body image is associated with motivational factors to exercise and frequency of exercise. The study consists of a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional study. Data for the study were collected through a survey which was collected by a total of 112 questionnaires by university students at Mälardalen University. The data was analyzed with frequency tables, pearsons r and an independent sample t-test in the computer program SPSS. The study's findings and conclusions show that the college students' motivational factors to exercise consisted mainly of internal training motives and that most of the college students have a positive body image. It was also a connection between motivational factors and body image, but no significant difference between body image and college students who train frequently or less frequently. The conclusion is that college students have a positive body image, which does not differ if the individual is practicing often or rarely. The most common motivation factor to exercise is to train internal training motives.

Submitted by William Justo Figueiro (williamjf) on 2015-07-09T21:47:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 21b.pdf: 900978 bytes, checksum: 6ee4cee20207dc862c785c270f323e1c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-09T21:47:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 21b.pdf: 900978 bytes, checksum: 6ee4cee20207dc862c785c270f323e1c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-31 / Nenhuma / Esta dissertação apresenta uma investigação sobre comportamentos pós-insatisfação de clientes dos serviços de saúde e fatores que interferem nesse comportamento. Dados do principal órgão regulador, a ANS (Agência Nacional de Saúde Suplementar), tem demonstrado um aumento no índice de reclamações dos consumidores de planos de saúde. Embora vários estudos em marketing investiguem o comportamento de insatisfação de clientes em serviços, há uma escassez de pesquisas no que diz respeito ao comportamento após as falhas no serviço, no contexto de serviços em saúde. Assim, o objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi identificar as principais causas de insatisfação nos clientes de planos de saúde e investigar a influência desses fatores no comportamento futuro do cliente em termos de continuar no plano, mudar de plano e recomendar ou não o plano para outras pessoas. A fim de alcançar tais objetivos, foi realizada uma pesquisa do tipo “survey” corte transversal, com amostra de 225 consumidores de planos de saúde individuais e empresariais. O estudo é delimitado à região sul do Brasil, no Rio Grande do Sul, com foco na capital Porto Alegre e Região Metropolitana, por motivos de acessibilidade, mas poderá ser estendido para outras capitais em projetos futuros. Como principais conclusões, a satisfação com a resolução do problema influencia na satisfação acumulada, na permanência do usuário ser cliente do serviço, e em não realizar reclamação para empresa. Já o boca a boca negativo é influenciado pelos usuários com 41 anos idade ou mais, e ainda que a intenção de reclamar de maneira formal tem maiores chances com as mulheres. / This dissertation presents an investigation into conduct post-customer dissatisfaction health services and factors that affect this behavior. Data from the main regulatory agency, the ANS (National Agency of Supplemental Health), has shown an increase in the rate of consumer complaints of health plans. Although several studies in marketing investigate the behavior of customer dissatisfaction in services, there is a paucity of research regarding the behavior after service failure in the context of health services. The objective of this research was to identify the main causes of dissatisfaction in client health plans and investigate the influence of these factors on future customer behavior in terms of continuing the plan, change plans and recommend whether or not the plan for others. To achieve these goals, we conducted a survey research cross-sectional sample of 225 consumers with health plans and individual business. The study is delimited to the south region of Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, with a focus on capital Porto Alegre and its metropolitan area, for accessibility reasons, but can be extended to other capitals in future projects. As main conclusions, satisfaction with the resolution of the problem influences the accumulated satisfaction, user be staying in customer service, and does not claim to hold firm. Already the "word of mouth" is influenced by negative users aged 41 years or older, and even pretend to complain formally have bigger chances with women.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-05-15T16:26:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Renata Rampim Silveira.pdf: 1183403 bytes, checksum: 9164d854e14e203766b91d01403f7196 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-15T16:26:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Renata Rampim Silveira.pdf: 1183403 bytes, checksum: 9164d854e14e203766b91d01403f7196 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-05 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This work deals with studying hysteria – a basic concept of psychoanalytic theory and praxis – in the capitalist discourse. Instigated by the desire to know about how hysteria presents itself in this discourse, we conducted, at a first moment of the work, a passage on its history, from the Antiquity to Freud, when hysteria and hysterical patients gained a new place. This place is the listening that the father of psychoanalysis destined to the desire of the hysterics. Lacan, in his re-reading of Freud, postulated that hysteria is a strategy regarding the desire, because in its particularity hysteria is defined by the desire of desire. In this way, it constitutes a form of social bond, in the later formulation of Lacan’s theory of discourses. Therefore, if hysteria has its characteristic dissatisfaction of desire, our attention is placed on how this particularity occurs in the capitalist discourse. In this discourse, what prevails is the erasure of the subject and the promise of completeness through objects taken as merchandise, which, in turn, generates a lack-to-enjoyment (manque-à-jouir) in the hysterical subject. However, Lacan postulates that desire is not so easily concealed and, in this sense, hysteria can serve as a resistance against the massification of capitalist discourse, for the dissatisfaction of desire always insists. Finally, we verify which are some possible answers and possibilities of the hysteric before the social bond established by the capitalist discourse, its links and outcomes / Este trabalho ocupa-se de estudar a histeria – conceito basilar da teoria e práxis psicanalítica – no discurso capitalista. Instigados pelo desejo de saber a respeito de como ela se apresenta nesse discurso, realizamos, em um primeiro momento do trabalho, uma passagem sobre seu histórico, desde a antiguidade até a chegada de Freud, onde a histeria e os pacientes histéricos ganharam um novo lugar. Este lugar é a escuta que o pai da psicanálise destinou ao desejo dos histéricos. Lacan, em sua releitura de Freud, postulou que a histeria é uma estratégia diante do desejo, pois, em sua particularidade, ela se define pelo desejo de desejo. Assim sendo, ela constitui uma forma de laço social, na formulação posterior da teoria dos discursos de Lacan. Portanto, se a histeria tem como característica a insatisfação do desejo, nosso olhar voltou-se para como essa particularidade se dá no discurso capitalista. Nesse discurso, o que impera é o apagamento do sujeito e a promessa de completude por meio dos objetos mercadorias, o que gera, por sua vez, uma falta-a-gozar no sujeito histérico. No entanto, Lacan postula que o desejo não é escamoteado com tanta facilidade e, nesse sentido, a histeria pode servir como uma resistência contra a massificação do discurso capitalista, pois a insatisfação do desejo sempre insiste. Para finalizar, verificamos quais são algumas possíveis respostas e possibilidades do histérico diante do laço social estabelecido pelo discurso capitalista, seus enlaces e desenlaces

Absenteeism in the workplace is a longstanding challenge practised by employees for various reasons. It persists despite the numerous efforts undertaken to curb it. The City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality is concerned with excessive employee absenteeism. Present research evaluates the City of Tshwane’s human resources policy for managing absenteeism. Causes of absenteeism are critically examined, particular attention being paid to the different leave-types that impinge on service delivery within the City of Tshwane. Within a qualitative research framework, personal semi-structured interviews were used to gather data from staff members of the Leave Capturing Office of the City of Tshwane. The targeted office is responsible for leave management, which includes capturing, recording and encashment of leave. In addition to the questionnaire, the leave management policy as well as sick-leave statistics were brought to bear on this study of absenteeism at the City of Tshwane. Study findings highlighted factors such as job dissatisfaction, unpleasant working relations, favouritism, low wages, lack of resources, stress at the workplace alongside boredom with routine unchallenging tasks as significant causes of absenteeism. The study also found sick-leave to be the form of reported absence most misused by employees. In general, employees take two days sick leave, which is the maximum an employee can take without requiring a medical certificate. Recommendations include that management should invest in a total process that can control and mitigate absenteeism related risks that may adversely affect operations at the City of Tshwane. / Public Administration / M. Admin. (Public Administration)