Bilderboken Sagan om den lilla hinden kom ut 1924, bara några år efter att kvinnlig rösträtt införts i Sverige. Denna studie pekar på forskning som uppmärksammat att Beskow tidigt förde in samhällskritik i sina barnbokstexter och att kvinnors yttrandefrihet låg henne varmt om hjärtat. Studien bekräftar och fördjupar den bilden och visar bland annat att Beskow i Sagan om den lilla hinden använder sig av sofistikerade litterära strategier för att uppmana till motstånd mot snäva och inskränkta samhällsnormer samt plädera för en friare samhällsdebatt. Med hjälp av en ramberättelse skapar Beskow i bild och text ett dualt/jämlikt tilltal som når både vuxna och barn. Hon lyfter fram en aktiv flicka och visar redan i den inledande ramberättelsen på skapandet och läsandet som en jämlik sysselsättning, där generationer och kön kan mötas på jämbördig nivå. Studien visar därtill att Elsa Beskow använder sig av naturen för att peka på patriarkala och andra samtida maktrelationer och att hon uppmanar till motstånd och visar andra möjliga, friare könsroller och föreställningar. Uppsatsen visar också att Beskows "nya sköna gröna värld" tangerar modern debatt. Ett underliggande budskap är att vad som är ”normalt” bestäms genom maktutövning, och att snäva normer krymper oss som människor och gör avvikelsen till ett samhällsproblem. Bilderboken kan delvis ses som ett inlägg mot alltför normerande kroppsuppfattningar och på så vis kopplas till dagens ätstörningsproblematik.

The main purpose of this dissertation is to analyse and identify problems arising from the Swedish Social Insurance Agency’s (SSIA) perceptions of parents, as they appear in the brochures targeted at expectant or new parents between 1974 and 2007. The aim is to distinguish who are being pointed out, constructed, and normalised as parents; and to analyse the functions of the recipients and the senders respectively. The aim is to be considered in the light of the SSIA’s commitment to gender equality, a policy that promotes equal access to the insurance of parents to share the parent’s insurance more equally. The dissertation is based on a theoretical framework that may principally be described as a feminist discourse analysis, which, among other things, means that a constructivist approach is of central importance. In addition, an intersectional perspective is an important starting point, putting the focus on the interaction and interdependence between different social categorisations. In four analysing chapters, the material is being tackled from different approaches or angles. In the first chapter, a picture is drawn of the institutional and political context that sets the prerequisites of the insurance regulations as well as the way the texts have been written and may be understood. The second chapter presents an analysis, in the terms of space deixis, of whom is/are being pointed out and positioned as recipient/s by SSIA. In the third chapter, an analysis of the normalised notions of parents that are identified in the texts; and of what parents are being favoured and described as ‘normal’. In the fourth chapter, the functions of the different actors are being analysed, showing how the relationship between the SSIA and the parents is constructed from in the texts. The results show that, in all brochures, parenthood is strongly gender-marked and that gender equality, above all, is to be understood as a quantitatively even distribution between mothers and fathers. In today’s brochures, the agency identifies and normalises recipients who primarily are biological mothers with orderly conditions, living in nuclear families with biological children. The older brochures have a higher level of gender neutrality in their texts, where mothers and fathers are placed equally and at the same distance from the position of the sender. The newer brochures, however, represent a wider range of social categorisations, and thus present a more complex picture of parenthood. The results also show that the function of SSIA in the texts is primarily economic, and that there is no obligation for parents to share the parent’s insurance equally, despite the political resolutions that impose this task on the agency.

I denna kandidatuppsats undersöks uppfattningen av översatta texter hos en grupp med italienska som förstaspråk i syfte att redovisa om ett preferensmönster finns gällande tilltal, idiomatiska uttryck, meningsbyggnad och meningslängd. Texter som är undersökningens material i denna studie översätts enligt Nidas principer om formell och dynamisk ekvivalens och definieras enligt Tourys teorier. Undersökningen genomförs genom ett antal öppna frågor som ställs till respondenterna under semistrukturerade intervjuer. Slutsatserna dras från diskussionen av respondenternas svar kopplad till teorin samt redovisning av resultat för preferensmönstret. Studien visar att kontext, forum och målgruppen är avgörande för valet av översättningsstrategin.Förslag på vidare forskning ges i det slutliga kapitlet med formulering av hypotes gällande behovet att bestämma översättningsstrategi och tillämpning av normer enligt texttyp och målgrupp. / This bachelor’s thesis is a study of perception of translated texts in a group of people with Italian as their first language. The aim of this work is to investigate whether a pattern in the preference of form of address, idiomatic expressions and syntax can be identified. The texts that are used in this study are translated according to Nida’s principles of formal and dynamic equivalence and are defined according to Toury’s theories.The study is conducted thanks to a set of open questions asked to the responders in semi-structured interviews. The conclusions are derived from the analysis of the responders’ answers in relation to the theories mentioned and the pattern of preferences revealed. The study shows that context, forum and target group are crucial for the choice of which translation strategy it will be used,Finally, we outline a proposal for further research to test the hypothesis that translation strategies and application of norms should be chosen according to the type of text and the target group.Nyckelord

This study examines speech acts, modalities, and the use of the informal “you” in the instructions for the national tests in Swedish and Swedish as a second language, as well as teachers’ own instructions for written assignments. The study also aims to explore whether the usage of the components show a power relationship between the instructions and the students. The intention is then to use these linguistic components as markers of power and to investigate how the power relationship unfolds between sender and receiver. The interpersonal metafunction in systemic functional grammar is employed as the method for this study, where each sentence in the instructions is broken down, analyzed based on its language acts, modalities, and use of “you.” These are then discussed in relation to systemic functional grammar and previous research. In summary, the results of the study indicate a power relationship between sender and receiver where the receiver, in more cases, ends up in a position of inferiority compared to the sender. The instructions and assertions provided cannot be counted or opposed by the student without risking their performance on the examination. The results also indicate that the questions available to the students were sometimes leading, where the sender already had an idea of the answer they were looking for. Despite sometimes being leading, the questions can serve as guidance for students' thought process, thus functioning as a support for their writing, which also applies to offers and aids.