According to Johansson & Hjalmarsson (2003) the business advice industry targeting microenterprises, small and medium sized businesses is a multibillion pound activity throughout the world, but little research has been conducted upon the theoretical basis for this field. The content of the advice coming from the advice industry targeting microenterprises is questioned by both micro-entrepreneurs and researchers, according to Johansson (1997), who describes that the use of support services among microenterprises doesn’t answer to their needs. To figure out why the conception of growth advice doesn’t correspond between academics, entrepreneurs and advisors, the research question for this study is – what similarities and differences in content of microenterprise growth advice are there between entrepreneurs, academics and advisors? The purpose of the study is to identify and analyse these areas. This is a qualitative study that will be carried out with an inductive approach and exploratory design. Interviews and focus groups have been conducted with advisors and entrepreneurs, and in addition to this, a literature study has been performed. Further, the contents of business advice have been analysed, and in the final section of this paper conclusions are presented regarding what the conceptions are of microenterprise growth advice among academics, entrepreneurs as well as advisors. By having identified the differences and similarities among these conceptions a general statement about the business advice industry is made; in relation to both empirical findings and the theoretical background of this study.

Redovisningskonsulternas roll på marknaden för redovisning och revision har förändrats sedan revisionsplikten avskaffades i november 2010. Från att ha varit ett komplement till revisorn, med största fokus på att sköta ett företags ekonomiska handhavanden, till att bli ensam extern ekonomisk handläggare och rådgivare har gjort att även förväntningarna på redovisningskonsulternas prestation har förändrats.  Den tidigare genomförda forskningen på fenomenet förväntningsgap inom redovisning och revision har haft störst fokus på revisionen och revisorerna och hur allmänheten förväntar sig att den ska vara. Denna studie vill bidra till en ökad förståelse över det förväntningsgap som förekommer mellan redovisningskonsulter och egenföretagare som idag är väldigt lite forskat om.  Syftet med studien är att utforska relationen och förväntningsgapet mellan redovisningskonsulter och redovisningskonsulters kunder. Genom att utgå från både redovisningskonsulters och kunders perspektiv avser studien identifiera faktorer som påverkar relationen och därmed bidra till en ökad förståelse av fenomenet förväntningsgap. Den teoretiska referensram som studien bygger på utgår ifrån att ge läsaren en förförståelse om fenomenet förväntningsgap, följt av de teorier som uppsatsen bygger på, nämligen professions-, agent-, intressent- och legitimitetsteorierna. Vidare i kapitlet förs diskussioner om förväntningsgapet, hur samhället ser på redovisningskonsulter och avslutas med uppsatsens analysmodell.   För att besvara studiens syfte och frågeställning genomfördes intervjuer med redovisningskonsulter och egenföretagare och genom analys och tolkning av intervjuerna framträdde ett mönster. Dessa mönster kategoriserades i olika attribut som sedan utmynnade i faktorerna legitimitet, kunskap, erfarenhet, ointresse och personkemi.  Slutsatsen av föreliggande studie är att faktorerna erfarenhet och ointresse är de faktorer där förväntningsgapet blir tydligast, samtidigt är det personkemin och legitimiteten som får kunderna att stanna kvar hos sin redovisningskonsult. / The accountants and auditors market situation has changed since the audit requirement was abolished in November 2010. From being a complement to the auditor, with main focus on managing a company's financial dealings, to become the exclusive external financial officers and advisers, the expectations on the accountant’s performance has changed as well. Earlier conducted research on the phenomena audit expectation gap have had its main focus on the auditor and the auditing and how the public expect it to be. With this study, we want to contribute to a better understanding of the expectation gap that appears in the relation between the accountants and entrepreneurs that we have found very little research about. The purpose of the study is to explore the relation and the expectation gap between accountants and accountants customers. By study both sides of the relation the study will identify factors that’s effect the relation and contribute to an increased understanding of the phenomena of the expectation gap. The theoretical framework of this study will give the reader a pre-understanding on the definition of the expectation gap, followed by theories such as profession-, agency-, stakeholder- and legitimacy theory. Furthermore discussions of the expectation gap and a description of the accountants preconditions will follow.  To answer the study's purpose and research question, interviews was conducted with accountants and entrepreneurs, and through analysis and interpretation of the interviews a pattern was emerged. These patterns were categorized into different attributes which then resulted in the factors of legitimacy, knowledge, experience, disinterest and personal chemistry. The conclusion of this study is that factors of experience and lack of interest are the factors where the expectation gap becomes evident, while it is the personal chemistry and the legitimacy that makes the entrepreneur to stay with its accountant.

Cette thèse est une contribution au débat sur l'entrepreneuriat comme levier économique et social pour le développement des pays du Sud. L'objectif de cette thèse est de déterminer plus particulièrement le comportement de l'entrepreneur malgache des zones franches textiles et spécifier son management interculturel.Cette thèse, caractérisée par une approche multidisciplinaire, est structurée en trois parties.La première partie présente une revue de la littérature afin d'appréhender l'état actuel des recherches sur l'entrepreneur dans les pays du Sud et introduit la notion de management interculturel. La seconde partie s'articule d'une part autour des origines et des évolutions du cluster textile à Madagascar et d'autre part autour de la prégnance de la culture malgache dans le comportement des entrepreneurs des zones franches textiles. Enfin la dernière partie de cette thèse s'attelle aux analyses empiriques de récits de vie des entrepreneurs. Cette partie propose une typologie des entrepreneurs dans les entreprises franches textiles à Madagascar, à partir de l'analyse interprétative des récits de vie.

人脈理論相關的文獻,尤以 Granovetter(1973)提出非常優雅的「弱連結 (weak tie)」一詞最為經典,他的論文發現經由弱連結介紹新工作的成功率高於 強連結,同時提出弱連結相較於強連結(strong tie)更多元,因此弱連結對宏觀世 界的效益必大於強連結。而後 Rogers(2006)也在創新的擴散中提出弱連結應 該屬於異質性連結,強連結則屬於同質性的連結,異質性不容易連結卻對擴散的 影響更大。因此本研究的動機將以弱勢的創業家為研究對象,探討弱連結擴散的 動機與擴散方法,並回答研究問題弱連結的擴散效益為何? 本研究發現弱連結的脆弱並不全然是異質性不易溝通之故,因為弱連結與強連結最大的不同是強連結靠關係遠近產生連結,弱連結則是自願性的連結居多,因此創業家的創夢才是真正點燃連結的起源,此外弱連結的橋樑特質是喜好轉介稀有性消息,產生消息經濟的效益而達到更廣泛的連結,因此研究者認為弱連結應用於創新擴散將有三點效益,第一點是弱連結因為自發性動機與可被信任的第三方而提高傳遞意願,第二點是弱連結以泛泛之交居多,他們喜好轉介稀有性消息,因此提高傳送廣度,最後發現所謂的六度分隔除了代表差異性人脈將造成平 均為六的結果外,也代表著六個人脈圈,本研究因此發現第一度的人脈差異將影 響網際網路時代的小世界接受率。 而對於創業家以弱連結來進行創新擴散,研究者認為實務上建立異質性創業 團隊將有助於進入不同特質的弱連結樞紐區,此外創業家勇於發表創夢的想法, 其心態越開放也有助於凝聚弱連結,因此創業家可以藉由社群網站或部落格等媒 體建立自行發聲的管道,將有助於幫助創業家位於樞紐中心,強化擴散的能力。 研究者在回顧文獻後也發現,弱連結在開放式網絡下的橋樑特質與效益被後來學 者忽略,同時隨著網際網路興起帶來多元的媒體與開放式人際關係,研究者認為 將更有助於觀察弱連結對創新擴散的幫助,本研究觀察 Apps 產業裡 Bonnie’s Brunch 個案後,經由八位訪談者與半年的網路社群媒體追蹤的結果,發現弱連 結的橋樑功能是資訊的聚集處,也是連結的捷徑,因此擁有對的連結的確是很重要的事,但是弱連結卻未必時常擔任善意的陌生人,因此弱連結的連結困難在於弱連結的自願性動機,因此研究者在理論貢獻部分提出弱連結的力量來源為自願性的動機,這股隱性的力量唯有受到單純動機的點燃才能爆發出來,因此創業家成功的方程式還有一項無法被操控的弱連結影響力,唯有創業家經過長期的耕耘,持續提供資訊交換,才能與弱聯結維繫關係。 / Among the personal network theory related literatures, the elegant term “weak tie” proposed by Granovetter(1973) is the most classic theory. His thesis paper finding shows that the success rate of introducing new jobs through a weak tie is higher than that of a strong tie. Hence, he believes that as the macroscopic view of the world’s weak tie is more diverse than the strong tie, the benefits produced after creating the tie are definitely greater than the strong tie. Rogers (2006) later proposed in diffusion of innovation that the weak tie is the tie of heterogeneity, while the strong tie is the tie of homogeneity. Heterogeneity does not easily produce a tie, but it has a greater impact on diffusion. Therefore, the weak tie diffusion motivation and diffusion method were explored in this study, and the research problem, i.e., the diffusion benefits of the weak tie, was answered. It was found in this study that the vulnerability of the weak tie is not entirely due to the communication difficulty of heterogeneity, because the greatest difference between the weak tie and strong tie lies in the fact that strong ties produce ties depending on the distance of a relationship, while weak ties are generally voluntary ties. Hence, entre- preneurs’ building of dreams is the actual source that triggers ties. In addition, the weak tie bridge is characterized by a preference to prefer rare news, Newsonomics, and achieve more extensive links. Thus, the researcher believes that there are three benefits when the weak tie is applied in diffusion of innovation. First, the weak tie enhances the willingness to convey messages due to its own voluntary motivation and trustworthy third party. Second, weak ties are generally formed by acquaintances. They prefer to refer rare news, thus the broader conveyance. Lastly, it was found that the so-called six degrees not only represents differential personal networks that result in the outcome of six on average, but also represents six network circles. It was therefore found in this study that the first-degree personal network will affect the small world acceptance rate in the Internet age. As for entrepreneurs, they engaged in diffusion of innovation through weak ties. The researcher believes that, in practice, the establishment of the entrepreneurial team of homogeneity is conducive to entry into weak tie hubs of different characteristics. In addition, entrepreneurs had the courage to express their ideas about building dreams, and their open-mindedness also contributed to the gathering of weak ties. Hence, it is suggested that entrepreneurs establish channels to voice themselves through communi- ty networks, BLOG, and other medias, which will help them stay in the hub and strengthen their ability to diffuse. Through literature review, the researcher found that the bridging characteristics and benefits of the weak tie in the open-type network had been neglected by subsequent researchers. At the same time, the rise of the Internet has brought about a diversity of media and open-type interpersonal relationships, which is believed to be more helpful for weak ties to contribute to diffusion of innovation. Through observations made on the entrepreneurs of Bonnie’s Brunch in the App industry, the results of interviews with 8 individuals, and long-term tracking of Internet community media, it was found that the bridge of the weak tie is a gathering place of information and it is also a shortcut of ties. Therefore, having the right links is indeed important. However, the weak tie is not always willing to serve as the stranger that displays goodwill. The difficulty in linking weak ties therefore lies in the voluntary motivation of the weak tie. In the researcher’s theoretical contributions, it was mentioned that the source of the weak tie force is the voluntary motivation, and this implicit force can only explode after igniting pure mo- tive. Therefore, the successful equation still possesses the influence of the weak tie that cannot be manipulated. Only through long-term cultivation of entrepreneurs and con- tinuous provision of information exchanges to maintain the relationships with weak ties.

Female entrepreneurship, as a subject of the academic research, has gained a lot of popularity in the recent years. A considerable amount of attention to this field has been caused by the growing recognition that female entrepreneurship has a profound impact on the economic development. Nevertheless, the potential of female entrepreneurs is far from being fully realized in many economies. Having chosen Russia as the area of investigation, the researchers intend to examine female entrepreneurship and discover specific obstacles contained in it. Therefore, this study aims at discovering preventing factors that dissuade Russian women from stepping into entrepreneurship. For the purposes of this work,qualitative research approach is followed, with the actors view and qualitative content analysis being applied. Case studies and interviews are used to collect data about female entrepreneurs' opinion on the general state of female entrepreneurship in Russia, their attitudes toward it and assumptions about existing barriers.               The results of the research demonstrate that distinguished and describedbarriers of female entrepreneurship hold different level of influence. The researchers also emphasize that actual barriers do not fully comply with those that are generally perceived by Russians and broadly described by scholars. From the study it is revealed that the most influential barriers are the following: managerial incompetence together with financial illiteracy, mistrust to the government and the myth of female entrepreneurship, with corruption and social prejudices being of less significance. The conclusion can also be drawn that the revealed myth of female entrepreneurship influences women's attitude towards entrepreneurship in Russia to much more extent than other obstacles. Some recommendations regarding possible alterations to current state of female entrepreneurship in Russia as well as suggestions to future female entrepreneurs, such as improving entrepreneurial environment, educational toolkit for female entrepreneurs, the importance of telling inspirational stories, are presented.

Purpose:The purpose of this study is to explore the differences in opportunity recogni-tion as well as the different motivations between would-be and experienced entrepre-neurs. Design/ Methodology/ Approach:The paper builds up on a deductive research ap-proach. Six qualitative interviews provided the researchers with empirical data to the phe-nomenon of opportunity recognition and the influencing aspect of human motivation. These data were analyzed in a comparative study, using a creativity based model of en-trepreneurial opportunity recognition and thehierarchy of needs from Abraham Harold Maslow, as the mostpopular framework in motivational theory. Findings:The research study provided significant insights into the opportunity recogni-tion of would-be and experienced entrepreneurs. The researchers identified differences in the evaluation stage of opportunity recognition between would-be and experienced entre-preneurs. Would-be entrepreneurs demonstrated a more cautious evaluation, taking into consideration all the resources which they did not possess yet. Whereas the experienced entrepreneurs demonstrated an awareness for all the resources that they were already holding due to their previous experience as entrepreneurs. With regards to the human motivation experienced entrepreneurs tend to reach and to satisfy higher needs than would-be entrepreneurs. Achievements and financial outcomes, usually belonging to es-teem needs, are for experienced entrepreneurs rather the result of a successful self-actu-alization. Instead would-be entrepreneurs had their focus on the improvement of their current situation. The paper provided deepened insights about the connectivityof human needs of would-be and experienced entrepreneurs and the interrelation of human motiva-tionto opportunity recognition. Contribution:On the base of the intense discussion about entrepreneurial contributions to the national and international economies, the researchers were able to provide an im-proved understanding of opportunity recognition comparing theexperienced entrepre-neurs and those who would like to become entrepreneurs. The analysis of influencing aspects like the human motivation enablesthe adjustment of entrepreneurship programs.Considering the results,the developmentand alignment ofentrepreneurship promotionscan be improved.Successful addressingand motivatingof individuals by entrepreneur-ship programs support theseindividuals to engage entrepreneurial.

Essa tese aborda o empresário industrial ascendente no contexto da urbanização e industrialização do Brasil sob a perspectiva da prática do mecenato. Tal ação, catalisada pelo desejo, nesse segmento social, de distinção, respondeu a instituições presentes no ambiente de transformação socioeconômica brasileira na primeira metade do século XX. Trata, portanto, de Economia da Cultura, História Econômica e Economia Institucional, propondo a justaposição instrumental de arcabouços teóricos construídos nesses três campos da ciência econômica. O núcleo duro dos pressupostos aqui assumidos é o de que a instalação do setor urbano-industrial brasileiro no período em estudo foi liderada, em sua maior parte, por imigrantes convertidos em empresários industriais, que capitanearam a prática do mecenato para afirmar sua condição de protagonismo social como uma nova elite. A hipótese do trabalho é a de que o mecenato brasileiro no período posterior à Segunda Guerra Mundial (1947-1960) teve como protagonistas membros desse segmento social. Essa nova elite, ligada à indústria e negócios urbanos, teve papel ativo e preponderante no financiamento à cultura em relação à oligarquia agrária, de riqueza mais antiga e enfrentando decadência econômica. Para esse fim, garantindo foco ao estudo, serviram como referencial de análise o contexto da cidade de São Paulo e a identificação empírica dos doadores que formaram o acervo do Museu de Arte de São Paulo (MASP), efetivada dentro do período em estudo. Para fundamentação e comprovação dessa hipótese foram acionados como estratégia heurística: a) na esfera teórica, os conceitos da Sociologia da Cultura de Pierre Bourdieu e da Economia Institucional de Thorstein Veblen, balizados por uma revisão teórica das origens étnicas, sociais e atuação econômica do empresário industrial brasileiro; b) na esfera empírica, uma pesquisa de campo no acervo do MASP, identificando todas obras doadas ao museu dentro do período estudado e enquadrando em tipologias de segmentos sociais os respectivos doadores. Os resultados obtidos nesse trabalho forneceram elementos para corroborar a hipótese da tese, emergindo como corolário que a busca por afirmação social de novas elites de renda, através da distinção simbólica e consumo conspícuo, como resposta a instituições de uma sociedade urbana e industrial é componente relevante para compreendermos o mecenato no Brasil no período estudado. / This thesis discusses the ascending industrial entrepreneur in the context of Brazilian urbanization and industrialization under the perspective of patronage practices. Such action, catalyzed by the wish, in this specific social segment, of distinction, responded to institutions established in the ambience of Brazilian socio-economic transformation in the XX century’s first half. It discusses, therefore, Cultural Economics, History Economics and Institutional Economics, and proposes the instrumental juxtaposition of theoretical framework constructed in these three fields of Economy Science. The hard core of here assumed presuppositions is that the installation of Brazilian urban-industrial sector in the studied period was, in its most part, leaded by immigrants converted to industrial entrepreneurs, who commanded the practice of patronage to affirm their social protagonist condition as a new elite. This work’s hypothesis is that Brazilian patronage in the period immediately after the Second World War (1947-1960) had members of this social segment as protagonists. This new elite, connected to industry and urban affairs, played an active and preponderant role in the financing of culture, in relation to the agrarian oligarchy, of ancient richness and facing economical decadence. For this purpose, the context of the city of São Paulo and the empirical identification of donators who have constituted the collection of the Museum of Art of São Paulo (MASP) from 1947 to 1960 served as reference for analysis. In order to ground and validate this hypothesis, the following strategies have been assumed : a) in the theoretical sphere, the concepts of Pierre Bourdieu’s Sociology of Culture and Thorstein Veblen’s Institutional Economy, delimited by a theoretical review of ethnic and social origins as well as economic praxis of Brazilian industrial entrepreneur; b) in the empirical sphere, a field research in the MASP collection, identifying all works donated to the museum in the studied period and framing their respective donators in typologies of social segments. The results achieved in this work have provided elements to corroborate the hypothesis of the thesis, emerging as corollary that the pursuit of social affirmation by new income elites, through symbolic distinction and conspicuous consumption, as an answer to institutions of an urban and industrial society is a relevant component to comprehend Brazilian patronage in the studied period.

Submitted by Edileide Reis (leyde-landy@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-17T16:54:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Roseli Rego.pdf: 187767 bytes, checksum: 79eeae02ed8255a6f60c47d2e71f2a59 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Meirelles(rodrigomei@ufba.br) on 2013-05-09T17:40:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Roseli Rego.pdf: 187767 bytes, checksum: 79eeae02ed8255a6f60c47d2e71f2a59 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-09T17:40:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Roseli Rego.pdf: 187767 bytes, checksum: 79eeae02ed8255a6f60c47d2e71f2a59 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / O presente trabalho analisou a forma pela qual a função social da empresa alterou e remodelou o regime brasileiro de recuperação e falência com a introdução da lei n. 11.101/2005. Inicialmente foi feita uma descrição sumária da transformação histórica da empresa como um fenômeno socioeconômico abordando-se em seguida a sua evolução jurídica desde a fase corporativa até a atual fase da teoria da empresa. Dessa última fase extraiu-se o conceito normativo de empresa e os seus elementos. Num segundo momento foi realizado um estudo sobre a função social iniciado com uma abordagem acerca dos elementos que ilustraram a instituição de um novo paradigma no direito privado contemporâneo: a constitucionalização do direito privado a funcionalização e a socialização do direito. Em seguida a função social foi analisada sob o prisma do direito constitucional e privado com um enfoque especial sobre a função social da empresa a qual é responsável pela empregabilidade pelo recolhimento de impostos e pela produção de bens e serviços que suprirão as necessidades humanas e promoverão o desenvolvimento socioeconômico. Após tais considerações foi traçada a evolução histórica do direito falimentar em que se percebe uma mudança significativa de um regime fundado em uma ótica meramente liquidatória para outro cujo principio essencial é a preservação das unidades produtivas com o menor sacrifício dos agentes envolvidos com a empresa em dificuldades. Na última parte do trabalho verifica-se como contribuição científica algumas demonstração e efeitos da aplicação da função social da empresa na lei n. 11.101/2005: a recuperação de empresas a ausência de sucessão obrigacional na realização do ativo a participação de credores na gestão da empresa a manutenção do desenvolvimento econômico e social e busca do pleno emprego. Por fim foi abordado o papel do poder judiciário na efetivação da lei de falência e recuperação de empresas em função de sua convergência com a economia administração e contabilidade bem como a importância da atividade jurisdicional na concretização da função social da empresa. / Salvador

Submitted by Naylia Martinez (na_cmb@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-03-05T16:13:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 NAYLIA MARTINEZ.docx: 3101905 bytes, checksum: 07b151a2704ad12ec293705efa765719 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luana Rodrigues (luana.rodrigues@fgv.br) on 2014-03-06T14:18:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 NAYLIA MARTINEZ.docx: 3101905 bytes, checksum: 07b151a2704ad12ec293705efa765719 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-03-06T14:22:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 NAYLIA MARTINEZ.docx: 3101905 bytes, checksum: 07b151a2704ad12ec293705efa765719 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-01-23 / The person of the entrepreneur has intrigued academics for years. Consequently, numerous approaches have been applied to understand who the entrepreneur is, his personality and behaviors. The main schools debating about this topic are the psychological traits school and the processes or behaviors school. However, the academy still lacks an agreed upon definition of the individual triggering the entrepreneurial phenomenon. Consequently, in an attempt to clarify this issue, this research suggests a new approach for understanding the individual of the entrepreneur on the basis of Schwartz’s personal values. Hence the objective of this study is to understand the values profile of social and commercial entrepreneurs in order to determine their similarities which guide their common entrepreneurial behavior and their differences which generate their different entrepreneurial focus, one aiming at social and the other at private wealth. For this purpose, the shorter version of Schwartz’s Profile Values Questionnaire was administered to a sample of 44 social entrepreneurs and 71 commercial entrepreneurs. The first proposition of this study was that social and commercial entrepreneurs possess a value profile. The second was that this value profile was determined by the anxiety organizing principle with preponderance of the anxiety-free over the anxiety-based values. The third proposition was that commercial as well as social entrepreneurs attribute highest importance for the self-direction value. The fourth proposition was that social entrepreneurs give higher importance than commercial entrepreneurs for benevolence and universalism values because these values presume appreciation of others, preservation and enhancement of the welfare of 'in group' people as well as of any living being in general. The results of descriptive analyses and hypotheses testing point to the validation of all propositions except the last one. Nevertheless, although not statistically confirming the last proposition, a slight tendency of social entrepreneurs giving higher importance than commercial entrepreneurs for the selftranscendence values was identified. Consequently, other studies with larger and randomized samples should be conducted to better clarify this topic. / O empreendedor tem intrigado acadêmicos há anos. Portanto, inúmeras abordagens têm sido aplicadas para entender quem é o empreendedor, sua personalidade e comportamentos. As principais escolas de estudo sobre o tema são a escola de traços psicológicos e a escola de processos ou comportamentos. No entanto, a academia ainda carece de uma definição concreta do indivíduo responsável pelo fenômeno do empreendedorismo. Em uma tentativa de esclarecer essa questão esta pesquisa sugere uma nova abordagem para a compreensão da pessoa do empreendedor com base nos valores pessoais de Schwartz. O objetivo da tese é compreender o perfil de valores de empreendedores sociais e comerciais a fim de determinar as semelhanças e diferenças nas suas preferências de valores que orientam o comportamento empreendedor de ambos e o enfoque social de um e privado do outro. Para este fim a versão mais curta do Questionário de Perfil Valores de Schwartz foi aplicada a uma amostra de 44 empreendedores sociais e 71 comerciais. A primeira proposição da tese era que os empreendedores sociais e comerciais possuiriam um perfil de valores. A segunda era que este perfil de valores seria determinado pelo princípio organizador da ansiedade com preferência pelos valores 'livres de ansiedade' em decorrência das características empreendedoras que enfatizam busca pela auto-expansão, crescimento e promoção do alcance de metas. Dessa forma os valores mais importantes para ambos os tipos de empreendedores seriam auto-determinação, estimulação, hedonismo, universalismo e benevolência. A terceira proposição era que os empreendedores sociais e comerciais atribuiriam a mais alta importância ao valor auto-determinação. A quarta propunha que os empreendedores sociais dariam maior importância do que os comerciais para benevolência e universalismo visto que esses valores presumem apreciação pelos outros, preservação e valorização do bem-estar das pessoas mais próximas bem como de qualquer ser vivo em geral. Os resultados das análises descritivas e dos testes de hipóteses apontam para a validação de todas as proposições menos a última. No entanto, apesar da quarta proposição não haver sido estatisticamente comprovada, houve uma leve tendência dos empreendedores sociais darem maior importância do que os comerciais aos valores de auto-transcendência. Conseqüentemente, para maiores esclarecimentos sobre esse tópico, outros estudos com amostras maiores e randômicas devem ser realizadas.

Submitted by Andre Silva (andre_luiz_b_silva@hotmail.com) on 2017-03-20T20:22:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 A Construção da Legitimidade do Empreendedor Institucional na Revitalização dos Polos Varejistas de Rua.pdf: 845884 bytes, checksum: d120383824ee968388dd0d395298a23e (MD5) / Rejected by Pamela Beltran Tonsa (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br), reason: Bom dia André, Para que possamos dar andamento ao seu trabalho é necessário alguns ajustes. Você deverá colocar o titulo do seu trabalho em letra maiúscula. RESUMO E ABSTRACT, deve conter apenas de 150 a 500, ou seja apenas um lauda. Apos os ajustes submeter novamente seu trabalho. Qualquer duvida estamos a disposição. Att, Pâmela Tonsa 3799-7852 on 2017-03-21T14:56:43Z (GMT) / Submitted by Andre Silva (andre_luiz_b_silva@hotmail.com) on 2017-03-21T15:24:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 A Construção da Legitimidade do Empreendedor Institucional na Revitalização dos Polos Varejistas de Rua.pdf: 844579 bytes, checksum: 0664fdfb0b6458a5bfcd8a1c94fb3d68 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Pamela Beltran Tonsa (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br) on 2017-03-21T15:46:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 A Construção da Legitimidade do Empreendedor Institucional na Revitalização dos Polos Varejistas de Rua.pdf: 844579 bytes, checksum: 0664fdfb0b6458a5bfcd8a1c94fb3d68 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-21T16:02:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 A Construção da Legitimidade do Empreendedor Institucional na Revitalização dos Polos Varejistas de Rua.pdf: 844579 bytes, checksum: 0664fdfb0b6458a5bfcd8a1c94fb3d68 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-22 / High street retailers play an important role in the vitality of cities. However, due to market changes and the rapid expansion of direct competitors, their survival has been threatened. One of the strategies to reverse this process is the project of revitalization that aims to raise the attractiveness of the high street retailers. In Brazil, unlike the international context, there is no institutionalized model with specific legislation that allows a cohesive articulation and mobilization for the revitalization process between the public and private sectors. In some Brazilian states, few initiatives have been developed due to the concerns of some retailers in the high street retailers or of organizations outside the field. These retail leaders became institutional entrepreneurs (IE) because they were actors who made strong efforts to modify and structure the organizational field for the street retailers. However, to act as IE these retailers had to build their legitimacy among their peers and later with external institutions. But this process of building legitimacy requires a lot of effort from the IE, otherwise it will not be able to propose the deinstitutionalization of the existing structures in search for new organizational forms. Throughout this context, the main objective of this research is to describe how IE build their legitimacy in fields not yet institutionalized, as is the case of the high street retailers in Brazil, and how these "pre-emergent" fields influence this process. With the proposal to clarify these issues, this research was based on a qualitative approach and applied a multiple case study design. A series of semi-structured interviews were conducted with retailers that acted as institutional entrepreneurs in the revitalization project, totaling eight high street retailers in Brazil. In addition to the interviews, observations, collection, analysis of documents made available by the entrepreneurs and research of secondary data on the web were carried out to add depth to the case studies. Our results showed the difficulties of retail entrepreneurs to raise the degree of maturity of the high street retailers the presentation of a structured project, with collective benefits and with the purpose of increasing local attractiveness, was not sufficient to guarantee the construction of the legitimacy of the retail institutional entrepreneur in its integrity. In addition, our analysis s indicated a strong influence of the precarious degree of institutionalization of the high street retailers in the construction of the legitimacy of the retail institutional entrepreneur (RIE). The high street retailers were positioned in the organizational field in such a poorly structured stage that we have come to call it the “pre-emergent” field. Thus, our research generates contribution to better describe how institutional entrepreneurs retailers sought to build their legitimacy among their peers and towards the other social actors outside the high street retailers. We also contribute to generating managerial recommendations for the high street retailers itself, as well as for public policies to effectively support and even stimulate the high street retailers’ revitalization process and thus avoid the phenomena of degradation in the central areas of cities / Os polos varejistas de rua assumem um papel relevante na vitalidade das cidades. No entanto, devido às mudanças de mercado e a rápida expansão de concorrentes diretos, sua sobrevivência vem sendo ameaçada. Uma das estratégias empregadas no intuito de tentar reverter este processo são representadas por intermédio de projetos de revitalização fundamentados na proposta de elevar a atratividade dos polos de ruas. No Brasil, diferentemente do contexto internacional, não existe um modelo institucionalizado resguardado por uma legislação específica que permita uma articulação e mobilização coesa para o processo de revitalização, viabilizando uma interação positiva entre o setor público e o privado. Em alguns estados brasileiros, algumas iniciativas surgiram em razão de inquietações de alguns varejistas e/ou organizações externas ao campo. Esses líderes varejistas se transformaram em empreendedores institucionais (EI), pois assumiram a condição de atores imbuídos de fortes esforços, a fim de modificar e estruturar o campo organizacional para os polos varejistas de rua. Frente a todo esse esforço estes varejistas precisaram construir a sua legitimidade entre os seus pares e, posteriormente, com instituições externas, caso contrário, não conseguirá propor a desinstitucionalização das estruturas vigentes, em busca de novas formas organizacionais. Dito isto, tem-se como o objetivo principal, nessa pesquisa, ressaltar a oportunidade de descrever como o EI constrói a sua legitimidade em campos ainda não institucionalizados; como são tratados os casos que envolvem os polos de rua no Brasil; e de que maneira estes campos “pré-emergentes” influenciam esse processo. Esta pesquisa fundamentou-se na abordagem qualitativa, aplicando um desenho de estudo de caso múltiplo. Foram realizadas uma série de entrevistas semiestruturadas envolvendo varejistas que atuaram como EI no projeto de revitalização, totalizando oito polos varejistas espalhados pelo Brasil. Também foram realizadas observações, coleta, análise de documentos disponibilizados pelos empreendedores e pesquisa de dados secundários realizados na web, no intuito de agregarem profundidade aos estudos de caso. Os resultados trouxeram à tona amostras das dificuldades encontradas pelos empreendedor institucional varejista (EIV) diante da pretensão de elevarem o grau de maturidade do polo varejista. A apresentação de um projeto estruturado, com benefícios coletivos e com o propósito de ampliar a atratividade local não foram suficientes para garantir a construção da legitimidade do EIV, na sua integridade. Além disso, nossas análises indicaram uma forte influência do precário grau de institucionalização do polo varejista na construção da legitimidade do EIV. Averiguou-se que os polos varejistas estavam posicionados no campo organizacional em um estágio pouco estruturado, a ponto serem caracterizados como campos pré-emergentes. Assim, a nossa pesquisa gera uma contribuição valorativa ao procurar descrever, da melhor forma possível, como os EIV buscaram construir a sua legitimidade entre os seus pares, assim como perante os demais atores sociais externos ao polo. Em outro viés, contribuímos também com o avanço proposto nessa pesquisa ao viabilizar recomendações gerenciais para o próprio polo, e também para que políticas públicas passem a apoiar, de forma efetiva, todo esse processo, estimulando a revitalização de polos, evitando-se, com isso, fenômenos de degradação de áreas centrais das cidades.