Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-06-02T15:44:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 marialuizaalmadamoreira.pdf: 574704 bytes, checksum: 802fa424152772a2174afb0062cf111b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-06-06T12:15:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 marialuizaalmadamoreira.pdf: 574704 bytes, checksum: 802fa424152772a2174afb0062cf111b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-06T12:15:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 marialuizaalmadamoreira.pdf: 574704 bytes, checksum: 802fa424152772a2174afb0062cf111b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-04-27 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Neste trabalho, a partir de uma reflexão em torno do escritor amazonense Milton Hatoum, pretendemos desenvolver um estudo sobre a figura do intelectual, procurando sublinhar o lugar não-fixo e errático que este ocupa na contemporaneidade. Por meio da leitura dos romances Relato de um certo oriente e Dois irmãos, procuramos desenvolver a hipótese de que o "exílio" pode funcionar como uma metáfora da condição do intelectual. Ou seja, o lugar do intelectual é um lugar outro de enunciação, a partir de onde ele interpela os discursos hegemônicos da cultura, ora dialogando com eles, ora questionando os seus centramentos e a sua fixidez. E ainda, a partir dessa questão do lócus de enunciação, desdobramos a análise das obras, focalizando o espaço como localidade cultural. Assim sendo, destacamos a paisagem amazônica e os discursos que moldaram, ao longo do tempo, um imaginário acerca dessa região, buscando compreender como ela é atualmente revisitada pelos novos discursos críticos. / In this paper, from a reflection about Milton Hatoum, a writer from Amazonia, we intend to develop a study about the intellectual's figure, trying to underline the unfixed and erratic place that this occupies in the contemporaneity. By means of the reading of the novels Relato de um certo oriente and Dois irmdos, we try to develop the hypothesis that the "exile" can function as a metaphor of the intellectual's condition. That is, the intellectual's place is another enunciation place, from where he debates the hegemonic culture discourses, or dialoging with them, or questioning its centrality and fixity. In addition, from this enunciation locus question, we unfold the works analyses, focusing the spaces as cultural locality. Thus we highlight the amazonian landscape and the discourses that shaped over the years an imaginary about this region, trying to understand how it is currently revisited by new critical discourses.

Submitted by Fabiano Vassallo (fabianovassallo2127@gmail.com) on 2017-05-09T18:04:21Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) 1. DISSERTAÇÃO LUIZA Versão final.pdf: 1064454 bytes, checksum: 2347543c843eefda0b64ef5bbef3e4d3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Josimara Dias Brumatti (bcgdigital@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-06-06T15:38:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) 1. DISSERTAÇÃO LUIZA Versão final.pdf: 1064454 bytes, checksum: 2347543c843eefda0b64ef5bbef3e4d3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-06T15:38:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) 1. DISSERTAÇÃO LUIZA Versão final.pdf: 1064454 bytes, checksum: 2347543c843eefda0b64ef5bbef3e4d3 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Por meio de uma abordagem comparativa, a presente dissertação discute o tema da migração no romance Azul-corvo (2010), de Adriana Lisboa e no longa-metragem Terra estrangeira (1996), de Walter Salles. Correspondendo às mudanças culturais, sociais e geopolíticas projetadas na pós-modernidade, essas obras tematizam os deslocamentos pelos espaços contemporâneos, apresentando personagens em trânsito que evidenciam crises existenciais, identitárias e afetivas. Assim, essas narrativas de deslocamento colocam em voga as concepções de identidades subjetivas e coletivas, reinscrevendo o tema do nacional, engendrando problematizações a respeito das experiências de exílio e, ao mesmo tempo, inscrevendo o olhar plural e dialógico que caracteriza as novas concepções identitárias em formação. É sob tais perspectivas que procuramos elucidar e analisar as figurações dos sujeitos migrantes que protagonizam tais narrativas, levando em consideração tanto a elaboração dos espaços de migração, como de seus lugares de origem e discutindo a incidência ou não de possibilidades de reterritorialização, a se desenhar de acordo com o contexto social e político específico de cada uma das obras / Through a comparative approach, this dissertation address the theme of migration in Adriana Lisboa's novel Azul-corvo (2010) and Walter Salles' feature film Terra estrangeira (1996). Corresponding to the cultural, social and geopolitical changes projected in postmodernity, these works discuss the displacement in contemporary spaces, presenting characters in transit that show existential, identity and affective crises. Therefore, these narratives of displacement put in vogue the conceptions of subjective and collective identities, reinscribing the theme of the national, engendering problematizations about the experiences of exile and, at the same time, inscribing the plural and dialogical look that characterizes the new identity conceptions in formation. According to such perspectives, we seek to elucidate and analyze the figurations of the migrant subjects that are staring in the narratives, considering both the elaboration of the migration spaces and their places of origin and discussing the incidence or not of possibilities of reterritorialization, to be drawn according to the specific social and political context of each of the works

Les penseurs et écrivains ont depuis l’Antiquité constitué une partie importante des personnes touchées par l’exil politique, situation qui en retour a influencé leurs œuvres et marqué la littérature. Cette tradition littéraire s’est vue, dans la seconde moitié du XXe siècle, profondément bouleversée par l’émergence des totalitarismes et l’affrontement avec les démocraties que ces régimes, sous leurs différentes formes, ont suscité. Ce contexte politique inédit a provoqué, outre un accroissement du nombre des écrivains concernés, d’importantes transformations structurelles, obligeant notamment les exilés à remettre en cause leur propre image, leurs thèmes et stratégies de communication, ainsi qu’à revoir la portée de leurs écrits. L’étude comparée des œuvres de Jorge Semprún, Christa Wolf, Julio Cortázar et Alicia Dujovne Ortiz, permet de mettre en lumière des changements esthétiques communs à ces écrivains engagés, ayant fui respectivement l’Espagne, l’Allemagne et l’Argentine, et de constater la naissance, à cette époque, d’une écriture originale. / Since Ancient Times, thinkers and writers have in large numbers been struck by political exile. In return, this situation has influenced their work and literature as a whole. In the second half of the 20th Century, this literary tradition has been deeply transformed by the surge of totalitarian regimes, and the struggle with democracies which these regimes have provoked. This new political context has induced a large increase of writers in exile, but also important structural transformations, forcing the exiles to modify their own images, the themes of their work and their communication strategies, and also the nature of their writings. The comparative study of the works of Jorge Semprún, Christa Wolf, Julio Cortázar and Alicia Dujovne Ortiz allows us to discover common aesthetic changes between these politically committed writers, who have flown respectively from Spain, Germany, and Argentina, and to note the birth of a new form of writing.

Cette thèse se donne comme objectif de rendre visibles les femmes espagnoles réfugiées en France de 1939 à 1942. Il s'agit de proposer une narration au féminin de l'exode sur le sol français de ces femmes restées dans l’ombre de leurs compagnons, pour les faire advenir sur la scène historique. Prises en charge par l'administration française, elles sont tributaires d'images sociales stéréotypées qui influencent les pratiques des autorités à leur égard. Assignées dans des catégories administratives qui évoluent selon les politiques menées à l'encontre des étrangers sur le sol français, les femmes espagnoles réfugiées se voient imposer des cadres de vie à respecter et des comportements à adopter. Sous tutelle administrative, aux prises avec des rapports de pouvoir qui se révèlent genrés, elles séjournent dans des centres d'hébergement, et pour certaines dans des camps d’internement. Le rapatriement en Espagne, l'émigration outre-Atlantique, le regroupement familial ou bien l'emploi conditionnent leur sortie de ces espaces coercitifs. Face aux multiples dispositifs d'assujettissements étatiques, les femmes espagnoles réfugiées se positionnent en résistance, et expérimentent des registres d'actions variés qui leur permettent de prendre conscience de leur « puissance d’agir ». Ce faisant, elles façonnent, en situation d'exil, des identités individuelles et collectives originales et résolument politiques. / The purpose of this PhD thesis is to give visibility to Spanish refugee women in France from 1939 to 1942 and bring them out of the shadow of their male companions. We thus set out to write a history of Spanish exodus on French territory through the eyes of women, so as to make them come into historical view. The objects of French administrative control, they were subjected to stereotyped social images which influenced the authorities’ practices towards them. They were assigned to administrative categories which evolved according to French alien policies, and had to follow rules of conduct and conform to behaviors which were imposed upon them. Most stayed in reception centres and some in internments centres. All were under administrative supervision and grappling with gendered power relations. Returning to Spain, emigrating across the Atlantic, reuniting with other family members or finding employment were the ways out of these coercive spaces. Spanish refugee women resisted the many subjection devices deployed by the French State and came to realize their agency by experimenting with various modes of action. In doing so, and while in exile, they shaped new individual and collective identities which were resolutely political. / El objetivo de esta tesis doctoral es dar visibilidad a las mujeres españolas refugiadas en Francia entre 1939 y 1942. Se trata de proponer una narración en femenino del éxodo en el suelo francés de estas mujeres que se quedaron en la sombra de sus compañeros, para revelarlas en el escenario histórico. Gestionadas por la administración francesa, son tributarias de imágenes sociales estereotipadas que van influenciando las prácticas de las autoridades con respecto a ellas. Asignadas a categorías administrativas que evolucionan según las políticas desarrolladas en contra de los extranjeros en Francia, se les imponen a las mujeres españolas refugiadas modelos de vida que respectar, y comportamientos que adoptar. Bajo tutela administrativa, enfrentadas con unas relaciones de poder cuya dimensión de género aparece, permanecen en centros de alojamiento, y algunas en campos de internamiento. La repatriación a España, la emigración al otro lado del Atlántico, la reagrupación familiar o el empleo condicionan sus salidas de estos espacios coercitivos. Frente a múltiples dispositivos de sometimientos estáticos, las mujeres refugiadas expresan su resistencia, y usan registros de acción muy variados que les permiten tomar consciencia de su “capacidad de actuar”. Así, construyen, en situación de exilio, identidades individuales y colectivas originales y eminentemente políticas.

L’Unité Populaire (1970-1973), comme expérience fondatrice, et la répression sous la dictature militaire (1973-1989) sont à l’origine de l’exil chilien. Cet exil a largement été étudié sous ses aspects politiques et la figure du réfugié le plus souvent traitée au neutre masculin. Les engagements des Chiliennes dans l’action collective, leur entrée sur le marché du travail ou encore leur participation au processus migratoire restent le plus souvent occultés.Les femmes de l’exil chilien traversent des situations particulières parce qu’elles sont des femmes. Cependant, selon leurs différentes appartenances sociales, les expériences vécues ne sont pas identiques. Ce travail doctoral se propose d’analyser leurs parcours familiaux, professionnels et militants, au Chili jusqu’à leur arrivée en France, en articulant à la fois le niveau subjectif (leur vécu, leurs expériences personnelles et leurs perceptions) et le niveau objectif (le contexte et les différents rapports sociaux en jeu). L’attention est particulièrement portée sur les rapports sociaux structurants (classe sociale, génération, sexe et « race ») ainsi que sur les stratégies et les ressources que ces femmes mobilisent. / The Chilean exile stemmed from two major episodes: the Popular Unity (1970-1973), as a founding experience, and the repression orchestrated by the military dictatorship (1973-1989). The political aspects of this exile have been extensively addressed with the figure of the refugee generally perceived as masculine-neutral. Consequently, the involvement of Chilean women in collective action, their entry into the labour market or their participation in the migratory process are often ignored.The Chilean women in exile went through experiences specific to their gender. However, these experiences differed depending on their various social affiliations. This doctoral work endeavours to analyse these women’s familial, professional, and militant paths from their situation in Chile to their arrival in France, expounding both the subjective level of their personal experiences and perceptions and the objective level of the context and various social relations at play. This work focuses specifically on structuring social relations (social class, age, gender, and race) as well as the varying strategies and resources employed by women.

Une analyse du texte hébreu du Psaume 92 est proposée. Celui-ci étant un chant, le premier dessein du travail consiste à analyser les procédés poétiques qui le composent. L’autre intérêt concerne les préoccupations historiques du poème, lesquelles déterminent l’atmosphère qui s’en dégage et qui prévalait lors de sa composition, ses circonstances d’origine, sa date de composition et l’identité de son auteur. Un troisième pôle de l’exégèse, proche du premier, et en opposition avec le second, étudie le texte pour lui-même sans qu’il ne soit ancré dans son contexte historique. La structure du texte est décortiquée d’une part pour découvrir sa beauté technique et d’autre part pour voir comment elle guide le lecteur vers une compréhension optimale de l’instruction du psaume. Les caractéristiques de notre travail sont doubles : 1) être fidèle à l’approche exégétique historico-critique ; 2) apporter une pointe de modernité par le biais de l’analyse structurelle dans le chapitre correspondant. Parmi les résultats les plus probants, on notera que la métaphore végétale du bourgeonnement signifie que justes et méchants ont droit à la vie. Mais alors que celle des justes est restaurée, soutenue et garantie par le Seigneur, cette dernière ne prend pas de part active dans l’existence et la rétribution des méchants. / An analysis of the Hebrew text of psalm 92 is offered. Being a song, the first purpose of this work is to examine the poetic processes that it entails. The other focus pertains to the historical concerns of the poem, insofar as they determine its climate, the one that prevailed as it was composed, the circumstances of its origin, the date of composition and the identity of its author. A third pillar of the exegesis, close to the first one and in opposition to the second, is to study the text for its own sake without regard for its historical context. The structure of the text is scrutinized to, on the one hand, discover its technical beauty and on the other hand to see how it guides the reader towards an optimal understanding of the teaching of the poem. In plain: the characteristics of our work are twofold: 1) to be faithful to the historico-critical exegetic approach; 2) to bring a zest of modernity thanks to a structural analysis in the chapter on structure. Among the evidence-based results, we shall observe that the vegetal metaphor of burgeoning means that the just and the wicked have the right to live. However, if that of the just is restored, sustained and guaranteed by the divinity, the latter shall take no active part in the existence and retribution of the wicked.

During the twentieth century, the former Czechoslovakia was at the forefront of Communist takeover and control. Soviet influence regulated all aspects of life in the country. As a result, many well-known political figures, writers, and artists were forced to flee the country in order to evade imprisonment or death. One of the more notable examples is the writer Milan Kundera, who fled to France in 1975. Once in France, the notion of exile became a prominent theme in his writing as he sought to expose the political situation of his country to the western world--one of the main reasons why he chose to publish his work in French rather than in Czech. This thesis analyzes the themes of language and memory in connection with exile in two of Kundera's novels, Le livre du rire et de l'oubli (1978) and L'Ignorance (2000). We contend that these concepts serve as anchors and tethers, stabilizing forces meant to help exiled characters recreate their identity outside of their homeland. By exploring notions of language and memory in these novels, Kundera demonstrates how the experience of exile affects the human condition during the latter half of the twentieth century.

Quelle est la place et le sens du Français Langue Étrangère aujourd’hui en Afghanistan ? Durant plus de deux décennies de guerres que le pays a connues depuis la fin des années 1970, la population a dû s’exiler par vagues entières dans les pays voisins. Nous avons choisi d’interroger de jeunes Afghans et Afghanes exilés à Peshawar (Pakistan) en 1992, pour déterminer (parmi les stratégies mises en place pour affronter la situation) l’importance de la scolarité et des apprentissages, et particulièrement du F.L.E., pendant mais aussi au retour d’exil. Les bouleversements et impératifs liés au contexte n’empêchent nullement — au contraire même — une forte motivation des jeunes (aidés de leur entourage et de toute la communauté afghane) à apprendre le français. Mais cette confrontation avec une langue-culture étrangère vaut-elle comme apprentissage de l’altérité, a contrario d’un monde où différence équivaut toujours trop sommairement à conflit ? Le désir de s’ouvrir au monde (par la langue étrangère) des jeunes générations ne va pas sans quelques heurts parfois avec la culture d’appartenance, mais ils semblent bien assumés. Nous verrons, au terme d’une analyse aussi précise que possible des entretiens recueillis, que la mixité dans les classes fait place, parallèlement à cela, à un abord ouvert, critique, nuancé, que les normes plus rigides du pays d’accueil viennent en quelque sorte conforter : signes que l’ouverture au début du XXe siècle de l’Afghanistan à l’enseignement moderne et que le cadre diplomatique et institutionnel patiemment créé avant l’invasion soviétique et le règne des taliban continuent, malgré les soubresauts de l’histoire récente, de porter leurs fruits. / What is the role and meaning of the French Foreign Language in Afghanistan today? During the two wars the country has known since the late 1970s, the population forced into exile by a whole wave in nearby countries. We chose to interview young Afghan refugees, men and women, in Peshawar (Pakistan) in 1992, to determine (among the strategies in place to confront the situation) the importance of education and learning, especially the FLE, during but also after the exile. The changes and challenges related to the context do not prevent - the very opposite - a strong motivation of young people (helped by their family and the entire Afghan community) to learn French. But does this confrontation with a foreign language-culture favour learning of otherness, in contrast to a world where difference is still too summarily equivalent to conflict? The desire to open up to the world (through foreign language) of the younger generation is not without some friction at times with the culture of belonging, but they appear to be assumed. We see, after an analysis as precise as possible of collected interviews, that the mixed classes given way, at the same time, a first open, critical, nuanced, that the more rigid standards of the host country are somehow comfort: signs that the opening in the early twentieth century of Afghanistan to modern education and the diplomatic framework and institutional set up patiently before the Soviet invasion and the reign of the taliban continue, despite the ups and downs of recent history, to bear fruit.

The subject of this thesis is a diversified conception of Czechishness. The main proposition is a comparison of types and aspects of relation to the country in the case of (political) emigrants after 1948 in contrast with the "home-based" non-emigrant Czech population. The thesis will briefly mention also the preceding periods of Czech emigration, the socio-economic situation at the turn of the 19th and the 20th centuries, the 1950s etc. All this will be put into the context of the historical turning of the Czech lands away from the West, despite the latter being the destination of the post-February emigrants. In this respect the description of social-political events as perceived by the citizens at the time, by the official propaganda and by emigrants is crucial. The image of the West or emigrants as perceived then together with other conclusions will be compared with the basic theories of migration and migration policy. In the section on political emigration legislation of the period incl. its wording will be quoted. The thesis focuses exclusively on emigrants to the West, especially to Western Europe, the USA and Canada, but also to Australia and Israel. It reflects the direction and the main centres of emigration, checks the relevance of information on the numbers of exiled Czechs, their...

L’œuvre migrante de Walter Bauer, immigrant allemand ayant quitté l’Allemagne en 1952 et s’étant établi à Toronto, est digne d’intérêt, car elle exprime le malaise de l’auteur face à sa situation d’exilé. Bauer, amoureux de l’Allemagne et de sa culture, doit en effet tenter de vivre avec la honte du passé nazi de son pays natal. Incapable de faire cohabiter l’amour et la honte, Bauer fait donc face à une crise identitaire à laquelle il répond en tentant de se reconstruire une identité nouvelle. Le Canada y jouera un rôle à la fois positif et négatif. C’est de ce rôle du pays d’accueil pour la réussite de l’écrivain migrant dans sa quête identitaire dont il sera question dans ce mémoire de maitrise. En nous appuyant tant sur le poids du passé pour l’auteur que sur l’espoir qu’il porte en ses possibilités de reconstruction identitaire au Canada, nous pourrons faire ressortir l’idéal identitaire de Bauer : être un homme des deux pays, chez lui sur les deux continents. En analysant le traitement de l’expérience immigrante que nous retrouvons dans son œuvre, nous arrivons à la conclusion que le choc de la réalité vient cependant mettre à rude épreuve cet idéal et, ultimement, l’empêche de le concrétiser. L’idéal de l’auteur, né du contact de la fracture identitaire suite à la Deuxième Guerre mondiale et de l’espoir d’une nouvelle naissance représenté par un Canada idéalisé, est donc rendu impossible à cause du Canada réel qui le met dans une situation d’aliénation. / German-Canadian Walter Bauer’s writings are a striking example of the identity struggle he faced as an exiled person. Walter Bauer, who profoundly loved his native country, Germany, and its culture, had to learn to live with the shame inherited from the National-socialist regime. In his work, he is incapable of reconciling his beloved Germany with the horrors of the war and is faced with an identity crisis, leaving him with the need to rebuild his identity. His host country, Canada, played an ambivalent role in this quest, both positive and negative. This master’s thesis explores the role of Canada in the identity quest of the migrant writer Walter Bauer. By analysing both the burden of the German past and the promise of renewal given by Canada, it describes the identity ideal towards which Bauer strived: to be a man from both Canada and Germany, to be at ease on both continents. The way in which the author represents the immigrant experience through his work leads us to conclude that the clash with reality ultimately questions this ideal. The writer’s identity crisis, resulting from the Second World War and his false hopes of a new beginning in an idealised Canada, ends in alienation lived.