<p>The aim with this study was to learn about the experiences of field workers and welfare officers in the field of possible self-harm behavior among young people.Our problem was: Do field workers and welfare officers treat young people with deliberate self-harm differently and - How do field workers and welfare officers describe deliberate self- harm?</p><p>Our study was conducted through qualitative semistructured interviews with twelve interviewee’s.The result of this study shows that there is a difference in how young people with self-harm behavior are being treated - based on their gender.One possible cause for this result could be the old tradition mindset of viewing boys and girls differently – and thus, treating them differently when they seek help.Our study shows there is a possibility of treating boys and girls differently – which shows that we made a thought-provoking point</p>

The aim with this study was to learn about the experiences of field workers and welfare officers in the field of possible self-harm behavior among young people.Our problem was: Do field workers and welfare officers treat young people with deliberate self-harm differently and - How do field workers and welfare officers describe deliberate self- harm? Our study was conducted through qualitative semistructured interviews with twelve interviewee’s.The result of this study shows that there is a difference in how young people with self-harm behavior are being treated - based on their gender.One possible cause for this result could be the old tradition mindset of viewing boys and girls differently – and thus, treating them differently when they seek help.Our study shows there is a possibility of treating boys and girls differently – which shows that we made a thought-provoking point

Background: Psychosomatic problems are increasing among adolescent girls and levels of life satisfaction, well-being and self-esteem are lower among adolescent girls compared to boys at the same age. Aim: The aim of this thesis was to explore adolescent girls’ perceptions of the concept of PMH and to identify influential factors for PMH from their own perspectives. Methods: A qualitative explorative study was designed. The data collection was through four semi-structured focus group interviews. Participation in the study was completely voluntary and 14 high school girls aged 16-17 participated in the study. An inductive content analysis was conducted to analyze the collected data. Results: Six categories and sixteen subcategories emerged from the data analysis, answered the two objectives of the study and met the purpose of this thesis. The six categories were: 1) when you feel well and things go well; 2) school-related factors, 3) factors at home and at leisure time, 4) key personal characteristics, 5) coping skills and balanced healthy lifestyle, 6) more attention to PMH. The findings showed that PMH was perceived as a two-dimension concept of feeling well and functioning well in life. The main influential factors for PMH was healthy social relations within and outside the family, key characteristics such as optimism, high self-esteem, sense of control, purpose and progress as well as coping skills and paying more attention to PMH.     Conclusion: A combination of positive factors promoting feeling well and functioning well in life should be taken into account in the development of mental health promotion approaches and programs to improve PMH among adolescent girls. / Bakgrund: Psykosomatiska besvär ökar bland flickor och livstillfredsställelse, välbefinnande och självkänsla bland flickor är lägre än pojkar.    Syfte: Syftet med studien var att studera uppfattningar av flickor på gymnasiet om begreppet positiv psykisk hälsa (PMH) och identifiera faktorer som påverkar PMH utifrån målgruppens egna perspektiv. Metod: En kvalitativ explorativ studie utformades. Datainsamlingen skedde genom fyra fokusgruppsintervjuer och 14 gymnasieflickor i åldern 16-17 deltog i studien. Deltagande i studien var helt frivilligt. En kvalitativ induktiv innehållsanalys utfördes för att analysera insamlade data. Resultat: Sex huvudkategorier och sexton subkategorier återfanns i dataanalysen som svarade på syftet och två frågeställningarna i studien. De sex huvudkategorierna var: 1) när man mår bra och allt går bra 2) skolrelaterade faktorer 3) faktorer hemma och på fritiden, 4) viktiga personliga egenskaper, 5) coping färdigheter och balanserad hälsosam livsstil, 6) mer uppmärksamhet till PMH. Resultatet visade att PMH uppfattades som ett tvådimensionskoncept, att må bra och att fungera bra i livet. De centrala faktorerna för PMH identifierades som hälsosamma relationer inom och utanför familjen, viktiga egenskaper som optimism och bra självkänsla, känsla av utveckling, kontroll och meningsfullhet, stresshanteringsförmåga, samt att uppmärksamma PMH. Slutsats: En kombination av positiva faktorer för att må bra och fungera bra i livet, bör beaktas inom utveckling av strategier för att förbättra PMH bland flickor på gymnasiet. Nyckelord: Positiv Psykisk Hälsa, Flickor På Gymnasiet, Kvalitativ Explorativ Studie, Fokusgrupp Intervjuer.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the interrogation transcripts of interviews with girls between the age of 11 and 16 who are alleged victims of sexual crimes. The examination is done from a gender perspective, by comparing six interrogations by male interrogators and eight interrogations by female interrogators. The study has used linguistic indicators relating to the interrogation methodological guidelines, in order to highlight how the interrogators give girls the opportunity and space to share their experience of the alleged sexual offense. Text material is categorized based on themes and analyzed in detail to find any gender-specific patterns of hearing leaders and if the girls are given space and opportunity for a free storytelling. The results show that in several themes, differences between the male and the female interrogators can be discerned. It has emerged that male interrogators in this study have a greater use of social support, that there are various techniques used by men and women between how the names of sexual words are created and that the female interrogation leaders questioning on average are longer and have a higher frequency of issues. In other dimensions, that has been investigated the differences are not significant.

Sammanfattning Bakgrund Fokus för studien är att uppmärksamma Socialstyrelsens vägledande information rörande könsstympning av flickor och kvinnor. Traditionen innebär total eller delvis borttagning av det kvinnliga yttre könsorganet, vilket innefattar avsiktliga skador som förändrar eller orsakar defekter på det kvinnliga könsorganet utan medicinska skäl eller grunder (WHO, 2008). Till följd av migration och befolkningsomflyttningar har traditionen kommit att uppmärksammas internationellt och även i Sverige. I Sverige har traditionen en tydlig relevans för socialt arbete eftersom könsstympning diskuteras och definieras som våld mot kvinnor/barn, förtryck, heder, brott mot mänskliga och barns rättigheter (Talle, 2008). Myndigheter i Sverige står inför en utmaning att informera, uppmärksamma, integrera och arbeta preventivt med denna målgrupp.   Syfte Syftet med studien är att beskriva och analysera hur socialstyrelsen via sin webbplattform förmedlar kunskap om könsstympning av flickor och kvinnor. Utifrån hemsidans tillgängliga texter granskas och analyseras vägledning och kunskapsstöd riktade till olika professioner, exempelvis socialtjänsten och hälso-och sjukvård. Vidare studeras hur kunskapsstöd vägleder professioner till att förstå och handla i frågor som rör könsstympning som ett arbete på samhälls-, grupp och individnivå. Utifrån det analyseras hur socialstyrelsen främja det sociala arbetet kring könsstympning.   Metod Studien bygger på en kvalitativ forskning baserad på systematisk litteraturstudie och induktiv ansats. Litteraturstudien grundades på analys och granskning av socialstyrelsen kunskapsstöd. Genom en webbaserad innehållsanalys granskades 53 publicerade dokument som direkt eller indirekt berör könsstympning av flickor och kvinnor.     Resultat I resultatdelen identifieras tilltänkta mottagare av det publicerade materialet som illustreras i form av ett diagram. Den allmängiltiga informationen representerar hälften av urvalet. De två mer framträdande grupper identifieras som Hälso-och sjukvård och den berörda målgruppen. I mindre omfattning riktas material till socialtjänst och samhälls-/hälsokommunikatörer. Resultat påvisar att Hälso-sjukvården i sitt arbete med könsstympning, har i större omfattning tillgång till praktiskt och teoretisk vägledning i jämförelse med de andra representerade mottagargrupperna.   Slutsatser Studien visar att socialstyrelsen förmedlar ett arbete mot traditionen på individ-, grupp- och samhällsnivå. Information kring könsstympning av flickor och kvinnor stämmer i stort sett överens med tidigare forskning gällande ursprung, förekomst, utformning och konsekvenser. Studien visar att Socialstyrelsen är en källa för kunskap och information kring ämnet. Det föreligger dock skillnader i den praktiska vägledningen som skapar grund för handling. Vid det konkreta arbetet på individnivå framträder skillnader beroende på om frågan aktualiseras inom hälso- och sjukvård eller socialtjänst. / Abstract Background The focus of the study is to draw attention to the National Board of Health and Welfare directory information concerning female genital mutilation (FMG). The tradition involving the total or partial removal of the female external genitalia, including intentional damage which alter or cause defects on the female genitalia without medical reasons or reasons (WHO, 2008). As a result of migration and population movements, the tradition came to be recognized internationally and in Sweden. In Sweden, the tradition has a clear relevance to social work because FGM is discussed and defined as violence against women/children, oppression, honour, violation of human and children's rights (Talle, 2008). Authorities in Sweden is facing a challenge to inform, alert, integrate and work preventively with this audience. Purpose The purpose of this study is to describe and analyse how the National Board of Health and Welfare by its web platform conveys knowledge of FGM. Based on the websites available texts examined and analysed guidance and knowledge subsidies to various professions, such as social and health care. Further studies show knowledge and support guides professionals to understand and act on issues related to FGM as a work of social, group and at a individual level. Based on the analysis of how the National Board of Health and Welfare promotes the social work of FGM. Method The study is based on a qualitative research based on a systematic literature review and inductive approach. The literature review was based on analysis and review by the National Board of Health and Welfare knowledge support. Through a web-based content analysis examined 53 published documents that directly or indirectly affects FGM. Results In the results section identified the receiver to think of the published material illustrated in the form of a diagram. The universal information represents half of the sample. The two prominent groups identified as Health and the touch target. In smaller scale material is directed to social and community -/health communicators. Results demonstrate that the health-care system in his work on FGM, has been more widely access to practical and theoretical guidance in comparison to the other receiver groups represented. Conclusions The study shows that the National Board of Health and Welfare conveys a work against the tradition of individual, group and societal level. Information about FGM are broadly in line with previous research on the origin, presence, design and impact. The study shows that the National Board of Health and Welfare is a source of knowledge and information on the subject. However, there are differences in the practical guide to creating a basis for action. In the concrete work at the individual level, disparities, depending on whether the issue arises in healthcare or social services.

The aim of this study is to investigate how women who came to Sweden as unaccompanied children experienced their entry into the Swedish labor market based on six qualitative interviews with woman in the age range of 24-32. The interviews were analyzed and interpreted using social capital as a theory. The results show that the informants turned to their friends consisting of other unaccompanied children, and that this network provided security and answers especially in the beginning of their stay in Sweden. Furthermore, our results show that bonding social capital played an important part as an enabler to search for contacts outside the network. All respondents report that it is difficult to get to know Swedes. The respondents did not attribute any significant importance to their social worker but they all emphasized that a significant key to enter the labour market is to learn the Swedish language.

Syftet med denna studie var att öka kunskapen om klass 1-7 lärares olika uppfattningar om hur man skapar gynnsamma lärsituationer för flickor med ADHD. Studien kommer att undersöka vad lärare har för erfarenheter av flickor med ADHD samt studera vilka uppfattningar lärare har om hur man skapar meningsfulla lärsituationer för flickor med ADHD.  I studien användes kvalitativa insamlingsmetoder i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer. Intresset riktades mot informanternas erfarenheter, berättelser och uppfattningar. Intervjuderna genomfördes individuellt med sex stycken legitimerade klass 1-7 grundskollärare vid fem olika grundskolor. Studiens empiri analyserades utifrån ett sociokulturellt perspektiv eftersom jag ville använda mig av en holistisk filosofi där människans syn på verkligheten är beroende av upplevelser. Texten bearbetades hermeneutiskt eftersom jag önskade ta människans bakgrund och tidigare erfarenheter i beaktande. I min studie intresserade jag mig för meningsfullhet när jag gjorde mina reflektioner av empirin. Studiens resultat visade att goda relationer har stor betydelse i interagerandet med flickor med ADHD. Respondenterna som deltog i intervjustudien hade alla erfarenheter av att flickor med ADHD kan ha svårt att styra sina känslor och internaliserar sina svårigheter. Känslor kan ta överhanden och man kan växla snabbt mellan olika sinnestillstånd. Studien visade att när läraren medverkar till goda relationer för flickor med ADHD så leder detta ofta till meningsfulla lärsituationer samtidigt som kunskapsmålen uppnås i skolan. Läraren behöver främst förstå flickan med ADHD och svårigheterna som kan höra ihop med funktionsnedsättningen för att kunna ge adekvat individuellt anpassat stöd. Respondenterna uppfattade att flickor med ADHD ofta överpresterar för att kompensera för sina svårigheter vilket kan leda till att kunskapsmålen uppnås men med ett högt pris i form av stress och i vissa fall psykisk ohälsa. Studien visar att det finns ett samband mellan goda relationer, meningsfullhet och uppnådda kunskapsmål. / The purpose of this study was to increase knowledge about class 1-7 teachers´different perceptions of how to create favorable learning situations for girls with ADHD. The study will examine teachers´experiences of girls with ADHD and study teachers´perceptions of how to create meaningful learning situations for girls with ADHD. The study used qualitative collection methods in the form of semi-structured interviews. The interest was directed towards the informants´experiences, stories and perceptions. The interviews were conducted individually with six licensed class 1-7 primary school teachers at five different primary schools. The empirical study was analyzed from a socio-cultural perspective because I wanted to use a holistic philosophy where the human view of reality depends on experiences. The text was hermeneutically processed because I wanted to take human background and previous experiences into account. In my study I became interested in meaningfulness when I did my reflections on empiricism.  The result of the study showed that good relationships are of great importance in interacting with girls with ADHD. All the respondents who participated in the interview study had experienced that girls with ADHD may have difficulty controlling their emotions and internalize their difficulties. Emotions can take over and there can be rapid changes between different states of mind. The study showed that when the teacher contributes to good relationships for girls with ADHD this often leads to meaningful learning situations while the knowledge goals are achieved in school. The teacher mainly needs to understand the girl with ADHD and the difficulties that may be associated with the disability in order to be able to provide adequate individually tailored support. The respondents perceived that girls with ADHD often overperform to compensate for their difficulties which can lead to the knowledge goals being achieved but with a high price in the form of stress and in some cases mental illness. The study shows that there is a connection between good relationships, meaningfulness and achieved knowledge goals.

The purpose of this study is to increase understanding of factors that influence girls with a foreign background to be active in football and how football clubs work to increase and maintain girls with a foreign background in sports. The study has a qualitative approach where five girls with foreign background and four football clubs representatives have been interviewed. The results show specific interpersonal factors that appears to be important for the girls continue playing football. For example, the importance of support from family, friends and coaches. The results also show how the football clubs today work, what efforts are being implemented today and what needs and wishes they have for future work to make girls to want to stay and play football. The conclusion is that two central factors, emotional and relational, are important for the girls. Different forms of relationships create positive feelings. Being appreciated, seen and treated in a satisfactory way is more important than winning and how to perform on the pitch. The football clubs representatives agrees that the first meeting the clubs have together with a family with a foreign background is vital for whether they should be interested in what they have to offer or not. Finally, in our study we give suggestions on what clubs should be able to work more with, such as an information letter in several languages to new members, elaborated clothing policy and a suggestion for an educational effort.

ADHD is often considered a boy's diagnosis, but girls are as likely as boys to bear the symptoms. This requires knowledge among social workers to prevent girls from being stigmatized and create destructive strategies with social consequences. The purpose of this study is to describe and analyses women´s experiences of living with ADHD and to understand the social consequences and adaptation strategies women use from a life course perspective. This qualitative study is based on autobiographies and blogs to provide answers to the research question. It appears that the women suffer from internalized symptoms that often go unnoticed and are noticed only when women's self-esteem is damaged, as they are no longer able to hold together and destructive strategies such as self-harm, eating disorders and addiction are developed. Like boys from whom the diagnostic template is structured, it also appears that the girls have symptoms such as lack of consistency, impulsivity and difficulty in keeping concentration, however, it appears that girls do not have acting out behavior as boys. The results in this study show that girls often were diagnosed in high age, which is often when they are adult women. It appears that the women experience a redress, belonging and relief once the diagnosis takes place. Not all women in the study have experienced that their difficulties have been noticed, but instead they have been identified as deviant by their surroundings.

This report examines the risk and protective factors that the students who live and attend school in a particularly vulnerable area have, according to the “school personnel”, that are linked to antisocial and norm-breaking behavior. A particular targeting has been made for the girl’s risk- and protective factors. Semi-structured interviews have been conducted at a school for children between 6-12 years old, which is presented and analyzed using a thematic analysis and literature. The report uses the ecological explanatory model as a theoretical background. The conditions are different for children living and attending school in a particularly vulnerable area, where the students risk factors significantly outnumber their protective factors, that increase the student’s risk of developing anti-social and/or norm-breaking behavior such as drug use, violence and criminality. School personnel are positive about their own work and the school's role as a protective factor but illustrate several challenges for their work. In the discussion, the student’s risk- and protective factors are problematized, and the Swedish language is presented to be the factor that has the greatest impact on the student’s future without antisocial and/or norm breaking behavior. / Denna rapport undersöker risk- och skyddsfaktorer, kopplade till antisocialt och normbrytande beteende, som skolpersonal identifierar hos sina elever, som bor och går i skolan i ett särskilt utsatt område. En särskild fördjupning görs gällande flickornas risk- och skyddsfaktorer. Detta görs genom semistrukturerade intervjuer på en låg- och mellanstadieskola, som redovisas och analyseras med hjälp av en tematisk analys och befintlig litteratur/forskning. Rapporten har den ekologiska förklaringsmodellen som teoretisk bakgrund. Förutsättningarna är annorlunda för de barn som bor och går i skolan i ett särskilt utsatt område. Dessa elever exponeras för betydligt fler riskfaktorer än skyddsfaktorer, vilket ökar risken för eleven att utveckla antisocialt och/eller normbrytande beteende såsom droganvändning, våld och kriminalitet. Skolpersonalen förhåller sig positiva till sitt eget arbete och skolans roll som skyddsfaktor men belyser även ett flertal utmaningar i sitt arbete. I diskussionen problematiserats elevens risk- och skyddsfaktorer och det svenska språket redovisas vara den faktor som har störst betydelse för elevens framtid utan ett antisocialt och/eller normbrytande beteende.