Bakgrund: 2014 anlände drygt 80.000 flyktingar till Sverige. Dessa individer kan ha varit med om traumatiska händelser vilket i sin tur kan ha bidragit till sämre psykisk hälsa i form av depression, posttraumatisk stressyndrom och psykos. Sjuksköterskor som möter flyktingar med psykisk ohälsa upplever olika svårigheter vid omvårdnad av flyktingar. För att sjuksköterskorna ska kunna optimera vården behövs större förståelse för deras upplevelser av denna patientgrupp med psykisk ohälsa. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att beskriva sjuksköterskors upplevelser att vårda flyktingar med psykisk ohälsa. Metod: En studie med empirisk ansats i form av kvalitativa intervjuer med fem sjuksköterskor inom en psykiatrisk verksamhet. All data analyserades med hjälp av en innehållsanalys. Resultat: Det var flertalet olika upplevelser som synliggjordes i resultatet, vilka utmynnade i fem teman: "upplevelser att tillgodose flyktingars behov", "upplevelser av kompetensutveckling", "upplevelser av kulturkrock", "upplevelser av maktlöshet" samt "upplevelser av medlidande för flyktingen". Slutsats: Två av de fem dimensionerna av sjuksköterskors upplevelser är nya i förhållande till tidigare studiers fynd. Dessa upplevelser är maktlöshet och medlidande som är viktiga att beaktas i sjuksköterskors arbete inom psykiatrisk vård. Medlidandet hos sjuksköterskorna i studien bidrog till en ökad påfrestande belastning, både under och utanför arbetstid. Professionell handledning och utbildning är väsentliga för att underlätta sjuksköterskans vård av flyktingar med psykisk ohälsa. Fortsatt forskning: För att minimera upplevelse av exempelvis maktlöshet måste vidare forskning på nationell och internationell nivå på detta område utvecklas. Detta genom att undersöka på djupet vilka situationer som orsakar upplevelse av maktslöshet och medlidande hos sjuksköterskor inom psykiatrisk vård. / Background: In 2014 about 80,000 refugees arrived to Sweden. Most of these individuals have experienced traumatic events, which contributed to mental illness, example of these diagnosis are depression, PTSD and psychosis. Registrered nurses who take care of this group of patients facing some difficulties in their caring. To optimize the caring there is a essential need of comprehensive for the nurse´s experiences of refugees with mental illness. Aim: The aim of the study is to describe the experiences of registred nurses to care of refugees with mental illness. Method: A study with a empirical approach, qualitative interviews with five registrered nurses in a psychiatric clinic. All data were analysed through a content analysis. Results: The results demonstrated five different experiences of the nurses: "experiences of caring of the refugees, "experiences of the need of skills development", "experiences of culture clash", "experiences of powerless" and "experiences of compassion". Conclusion: Two of five dimensions of experiences are new compare to earlier studies´ approaches: experience of powerlessness and experiences of compassion among the nurses in psychiatric care. Compassion of the nurses contributed to a tension in their own mental health. A professional supervision by the employer is necessary to facilitate the nurses´ care of the refugees. Further research: To minimize the experiences, for example powerlessness, the research should exspand on national and international basis.

This thesis builds upon the etiology of forced migration studies. It contributes to the field in three specific ways. First, by using a global database that is not limited to OECD countries; second, by observing the last twenty years, which is also the most migrant intense period in human history; third, by operationalizing human rights violations as an independent variable. I conduct statistical analyses using fixed effects least squares, on a pooled cross-sectional time-series data set, consisting of data from 175 countries for the years 1995–2014. My findings contradict two recent studies that have suggested that the reasons behind forced migration have changed since the end of the Cold War. Rather, the results of this study support the conclusion that threats against personal integrity causes people to leave their homes. International violence on the own nations territory as a threat to the personal integrity, civil violence as a threat to the personal integrity and dissident violence as a threat to the personal integrity all have statistical significant effects on refugee populations. I conclude the thesis by suggesting several areas that should be of great interest for further research.

The purpose with this essay is to examine the hypothesis that states during crisis acts more influences by realism than liberalism. The essay will focus on the ongoing refugee crisis in Sweden and mainly on the insertion of ID-controls and how politicians motivate there decision. The arguments will be analyzed if they are motivated by realism or liberalism. The arguments that are positive for an insertion of ID-controls are motived by realism and therefore support the hypothesis. The objections raised by the opposition are often motived by liberalism but even the opposition is arguing the realism is superior to the liberalism. When the question is raised in the Swedish parliament there are no party that refuse the law instead most of the politicians are positive to the law of ID-controls, in the debate there are a few objections but these are not against the law, just minor interpretations about the effects of this law, for example if the ID-controls should apply to children accompanied by their parents. After this studied the conclusion is that stats in crisis are often motived by realism

The aim of this bachelor thesis was to examine how the Swedish tabloid press represent women refugees in the news coverage of the european refugee crisis.  The main question was: How are women refugees represented in the tabloid press news stories about the refugee crisis? To approach our question we used a critical discourse analysis. We examined a total of 17 news stories published during the first two weeks in September 2015, all of them published in Aftonbladet, Expressen, GT or Kvällsposten. During the analysis a total of four discursive themes emerged: The strong refugee woman, the weak refugee woman, the invisible refugee woman and the refugee woman as a mother figure. Three of our themes – the weak refugee woman, the invisible refugee woman and the refugee woman as a mother figure – are examples of how old ideologies about refugees and women still are present in the Swedish evening papers of today. These constructions  are based on myths and historical stereotypes.  Even though the refugee woman commonly are described as weak, subordinated and inactive, she can also be described as strong and independent – the strong refugee woman. This, the fourth theme, differs from the traditional stereotypes.

No description available.

Unaccompanied children that arrives in Sweden are usually placed in homes for care and residence, called HVB. It is the municipality's responsibility to provide adequate care and protection for the children. The aim of the study is to examine how a workgroup on a HVB home for unaccompanied children is working to meet the needs of the children, and how the workgroup improves the children’s integration process. The study also aims to examine the emotional labour of the workgroup, which illustrates how they can manage their own emotional behavior when working with the unaccompanied children. The study is based on a qualitative approach with detailed descriptions of five semi-structured interviews with the workgroup and assistant managers. The study relieved that the workgroup of the HVB home are able to cater to the individual needs of the unaccompanied children based on difficulties and their past experience. The result shows that the professional approach of the workgroup differs when working with the unaccompanied children’s needs and integration process. The results also relieved that the overall goal of the studied HVB home – to make the unaccompanied children completely independent and responsible young adults, is not completely fulfilled. In order to further improve the children's development in their new environment, previous studies have found that it is important to not only understand the importance of a professional approach but also to collaborate with others. This in order to contribute to the children’s development in the new society.

Denna studie undersöker olika användningar av begreppet "de facto statslöshet" och vilka djupare implikationer begreppsanvändningen har. Med avseende på centrala dimensioner av begreppet där olika tolkningar förekommer (vem som är de facto statslös, hur de facto statslöshet tar sig uttryck och vad som orsakar de facto statslöshet) redovisas variationerna i begreppsanvändningen. Slutligen diskuteras vilka följder det får att benämna en grupp "de facto statslös" och vilka lösningar och åtgärder på gruppens utsatthet som därigenom blir aktuell. Detta illustreras med ett konkret fall: asylsökande palestinier från Gaza i Sverige. Det undersöks i vilken mån dessa kan anses de facto statslösa, och hur deras problem uppfattas annorlunda i ljuset av olika tolkingar av begreppet, för att utvärdera de olika begreppsförståelserna. Jag når slutsatsen att det mest fruktbara är ett snävt begrepp, som betecknar ett mer fundamentalt utanförskap än bristen på skydd av olika praktiska rättigheter. Begreppet tappar sin analytiska och politiska udd om det görs för inklusivt, och de politiska implikationerna av att teoretiskt separera en utsatt individ från staten hon tillhör ska inte underskattas.

Den här undersökningen gjordes för att ta reda på om svensk flyktingrapportering ändrades efter det att Sverige införde gränskontroller den 12 november 2015. Syftet var att se om rapporteringen ändrades när det politiska läget och opinionen ändrades, men även att generellt se hur flyktingrapporteringen ser ut. Både kvantitativ och kvalitativ undersökning gjordes. I den kvantitativa undersökningen jämfördes 50 artiklar från september 2015 med 50 artiklar från januari 2015. Variablerna togs fram bland annat med hjälp av gestaltningsteorin och orientalism, som båda är delar av undersökningens teoretiska ramverk. Sedan undersöktes artiklarna kvalitativt genom en kombinerad diskurs- och framinganalys för att på ett djupare plan ta reda på hur flyktingfrågan och flyktingar beskrivs. Resultaten ger en indikation på att det skett en förändring mellan september 2015 och januari 2016. Flyktingarna beskrevs bland annat mer frekvent som passiva, och mer sällan som individer. Mer generellt visar resultaten att flyktingarna oftast beskrevs som en grupp utan någon identitet. Adjektiv som kan väcka identifikation användes sällan för att beskriva flyktingarna. De beskrevs istället med adjektiv som ensamkommande och asylsökande. Den mest förekommande benämningen på flyktingar var just ordet flyktingar, följt av flyktingbarn och asylsökande. Flyktingarna beskrivs ofta som passiva i artiklarna, och de citeras sällan. De som citeras mest i artiklarna är myndighetspersoner och politiker. Dessa resultat pekar på att svenska journalister, omedvetet eller medvetet, skapar en bild av verkligheten där orientalismens mönster av världen finns kvar. Det skapas en gräns mellan ”vi svenskar” och ”de där flyktingarna”. Denna gräns förstärktes efter gränskontrollernas införande. / The aim of this study was to find out whether Swedish news reports on refugees changed after border controls were enforced on the 12th of November 2015, and thereby investigate if the changed political policies had any effect in the news reporting. Another aim was to study the general patterns in the news. Both qualitative and quantitative researches were made. Regarding the quantitative research, 50 articles from September 2015 were compared with 50 articles from January 2016. The variables were designed by means of framing theory and orientalism, both being parts of the theory framework of this study. Then the articles were analyzed qualitatively with a combined discourse and framing analysis to find out on a deeper level how refugees and the refugee situation in Sweden were described. The results indicate that there has been a change in the reporting between September 2015 and January 2016. The refugees were more frequently described as passive, and more seldom as individuals. More general, the results illustrated that, in most cases, refugees are described as a group without an identity. Identity-generating adjectives were sporadically used to describe them. Instead, they were associated to adjectives like ensamkommande (unaccompanied) and asylsökande (~asylum seeker). The most common word to describe refugees was flyktingar (refugees), followed by flyktingbarn (refugee children) and asylsökande (asylum seekers). Most frequently quoted people in the articles were government officials as well as politicians. These results indicate that Swedish journalists, consciously or not, are creating a picture of the world were the lines of orientalism still persist. A demarcation line between “us swedes” and “those refugees” is created. This line became more distinct after border controls were enforced.

Abstract of “A meaningful work” The aim of this paper is to make a cultural analysis of Swedish voluntary workers’ experiences of their engagement with refugees during the fall and winter of 2015/2016. I have interviewed eight people between the age of 19 and 61 with experiences from working as volunteers with refugees. In addition to the interviews, I have conducted a participant observation on a refugee accommodation.      I have highlighted interesting themes brought up by the informants during the interviews.  These themes have been further analyzed from the theoretical concepts of self-identity, class and gender.       As the results show, my informants have had different motives and driving forces for engaging as volunteers, depending on their habitus and self-identities. For many the volunteer work fulfilled an important social aspect in their life. As volunteers they also got first hand information about the refugee situation, which they could pass on to their environment.       One of my informants had more negative experiences than the others. She experienced a lot of critique for her engagement, which partly was because of her norm-breaking leader position as a black, young woman.       Through my participant observation I got to experience the gloomy facilities of a refugee accommodation located in a distant, secluded environment. But I also experienced the informants’ joy when playing with the kids, and how their engagement created a more cheerful atmosphere.

The subject of my essay concerns the images of refugees that have been taken on Lesvos during the last year. The aim of this essay is to examine the relationship between the photographer, the camera and the island as a scene för photographers, through the images that were taken there. The main scene is the beaches of Lesvos where tragedies and (sometimes) even comedies take place. I am working in a field where photography, aesthetics and social anthropology intersect. As regards to method, I have applied researcher Ruben Anderssson's ”extended field site” to my own field studies concerning Lesvos. The refugee situation that recently found its centre on the Greek islands is built up of networks that stretch far and wide across the globe. Events in one part of the world affect what is happening on Lesvos and vice versa. The media and NGOs are also part of larger networks. Therefore the field site needs to be extended beyond the geographical borders of Lesvos. I did field studies on Lesvos two times during the last year. I interviewed photographers and volunteers and took photographs of my own. Intuition is an integral part of my work and I have also applied it to my field studies. One of my starting points has been Judith Butler’s thoughts on what makes a life grievable. Butler's main hypothesis is that we view certain lives as having less value than others and thereby we will be less likely to grieve the passing of such lives. I examine the images of refugees to see if photography can help us better regard their lives as grievable. Refugees are people whose exposed bodies live precarious lives. Photographers can capture this in images but it is the spectator who has the final say in how images affect him or her. I end the essay by examining the spectator and what happens when we are confronted with disturbing images. Images of refugees in need exhort us to react whether we want to or not. We can turn away, but once images have entered out consciousness, there is no turning back.