Cette thèse entend analyser la figure de l’androgyne du mouvement symboliste à l’avant-garde abstraite. La relecture de la modernité au passage du XXe siècle en France permet de comprendre de quelle manière le symbolisme a exploré le trouble de la sexualité dans un contexte sociopolitique de crise de la masculinité. L’étude visuelle et anthropologique des normes sexuelles révèle une angoisse de l’entre-deux androgyne, associée aux théories psychopathologiques de l’homosexualité. Cette thèse démontre de quelle manière l’androgynie correspond à ce que nous intitulons « le troisième genre » artistique, défini par le rejet des assignations de genre et par de nouveaux modèles de représentation et d’intersubjectivité, issus de l’immersion du féminin dans le masculin. Dans la première partie, l’étude des sources néo-classiques et spirituelles de l’androgyne révèle la recherche d’un idéal politique et artistique permettant la régénération de l’unité des sexes. La deuxième partie envisage la résurgence de cet idéal dans les pratiques symbolistes fin-de-siècle, à travers différents modèles androgynes comme la figure de l’ange, celles d’Orphée et du troisième sexe primitif. Face au trouble des identités sexuelles, la réception de l’idéalisme est analysée à partir de la rhétorique de la dégénérescence associant androgynie, efféminement du masculin et homosexualité. La quatrième partie examine la poursuite de l’idéal androgyne dans les sources de l’abstraction. Le troisième genre abstrait alimente l’utopie avant-gardiste d’un art qui s’auto-génère, dépourvu de caractère sexué et créé par un artiste moderne, célibataire et androgyne. / This thesis aims to analyze the figure of androgyny from the movements of Symbolism to the abstract avant-garde. This reinterpretation of modernity at the turn of the 20th century in France allows an understanding of how Symbolism explored the trouble of sexuality within a social and political context entrenched by the crisis of masculinity. The visual and anthropological study of sexual norms reveals a fear of the androgynous in-between associated with psychopathological theories of homosexuality. This thesis demonstrates how androgyny is tied to what I call the artistic “third gender,” defined by the refusal of gender assignation and new models of representation and intersubjectivity, following the feminine immersion within the masculine. In the first part, the study of the Neoclassical and spiritual sources of androgyny demonstrates the search for the political and artistic ideal, allowing for the regeneration of the unity of sex. The second part reveals the resurgence of this ideal in the fin-de-siècle Symbolist's practices through different androgynous models such as the figure of the angel, the ones of Orpheus and the primitive third sex. Toward the trouble of sexual identities, the reception of idealism is analyzed through the rhetoric of degeneration associating androgyny, masculine effeminacy and homosexuality. The last part examines the pursuit of the androgynous ideal in the sources of abstraction. The abstract third sex nourishes the avant-gardist utopia of an art that is self-perpetuating, devoid of sexual characteristic and led by a modern artist, single and androgynous.

Detta är en diskursanalytisk studie med ett antaget genusteoretiskt perspektiv, som undersöker hur kvinnor inom de abrahamitiska religionerna framställs i tre utvalda läromedel för gymnasiekursen religion 1. Samtliga av läromedlen är anpassade för lgy11. Vidare undersöks vilka egenskaper kvinnan tillskrivs, samt var hon synliggörs och marginaliseras i läromedlen. Genom det genusteoretiska perspektivet, vilket nyttjats för analysen av det empiriska resultatet kan vi både visa vad synliggörandet och marginaliseringen beror på, samt se vad det bidrar till. Studiens resultat visar att läromedlen genom ett genusteoretiskt perspektiv framställer kvinnan och mannen utifrån dikotoma föreställningar om vad som är kvinnligt respektive manligt. Kvinnan framställs således som passiv medan mannen framställs som aktiv. Resultatet visar även att kvinnan marginaliseras när det skrivs om religionens historia, medan hon synliggörs i de textsammanhang som berör hennes villkor, samt hem-och familjeliv. Nyckelord: Kvinnan, abrahamitiska religionerna, diskurs, genusteori, genus, läroboksanalys, marginalisering / This is a discourse-analytic study with an adopted gender theoretical perspective regarding how women within the Abrahamic religions are described in three selected teaching materials for upper secondary school (Religion 1). All books are adapted to Lgy11. Furthermore, an analysis is made of what way women are characterized in the material, as well as where they are visible and marginalized. With help from the gender theoretical perspective, which has been utilized to analyze the results of the empirical study, it is possible to understand the reasons for the visibility as well as the marginalization, and see what is contributes to. The result of this study shows that the teaching materials, through a gender theoretical perspective, depict men and women based on the dichotomy of what is considered female or male. Hence, women are described as passive, whereas men are described as active. The result also shows that women are marginalized when the history of religions is being described while they are visible in the textual contexts of home and family life, as well as their conditions. Key words: Women, Abrahamic religions, discourse, gender theory, gender, textbook analysis, marginalization

In this essay a mediated video game reception of the game Life Is Strange is made, with the purpose of examining the players' meaning-making processes from a gender perspective. The materials of this essay consist of videos from six different YouTube channels where each player film themselves whilst playing through Life Is Strange as a way to review and share the gaming experience. The results show how the meaning-making processes are littered with gender discourses and affects. The affects offset discourses by amplification or by revealing discord between available cultural narratives and the simulated reality of the game. Even though the game highlights themes like female-centric relationships, suicide, euthanasia, lesbianism, socio-economic circumstances, social accountability and men's violence against women, it successfully delivers highly involving, enjoyable and appreciated gameplay experience. The game is shown to provide players with a platform around which they can connect and continue to discuss, raise awareness and produce knowledge around these important topics. The fan generated culture will in turn, reach a much larger audience than the game sales numbers reflect. / <p>Treated in seminar at Stockholm University</p>

Uppsatsen undersöker hur våldtäktsoffer framställs i två olika tidningar (Dagens nyheter och Aftonbladet) och om det finns någon skillnad i framställningen beroende av offrets kön. Studien är gjord genom att tillämpa kritisk diskursanalys på de valda tidningsartiklarna för att se om det finns några skillnader. För att göra detta har vi utgått från genusteori samt Goffmans teori kring stigma. Studiens resultat medför att artiklarna har delats upp i tre kategorier: "ideala offer", "icke-idela offer" och "manliga offer". Utöver det genererades även kategorin för "diskussions- eller debattartiklar". Artiklar som kategoriseras som "ideala offer" innehåller färre detaljer kring brotten än artiklarna om de "icke-ideala offer". Kategorin "manliga offer" uppkom på grund av att artiklarna som tillhör den var gravt underrepresenterade, däremot kunde vi se att även dessa artiklar kan jämföras med de två första kategorierna. Artiklarna i den sista kategorin diskuterar mer allmänt kring problemen som våldtäkt för med sig mer allmänt. Majoriteten av dessa artiklar riktade sig till eller handlade om kvinnor. Den slutsats som kunde dras utifrån denna undersökning är att det rapporteras olika gällande olika kön hos våldtäktsoffer. Detta visar sig bland annat genom att det i artiklar som beskriver kvinnor ges mer detaljer som beskriver offret än om de som handlar om män; artiklar om män är generellt sett relativt detaljfattiga. Detta medför också att media styr den allmänna synen kring våldtäktsoffer och har därmed makt att förbättra situationen och göra bilden av manliga och kvinnliga offer mer jämställd då båda könen behöver lika mycket stöd från omgivningen. / This essay investigates how rape victims are shown in two different Swedish newspapers (Dagens nyheter and Aftonbladet) and if there are any differences depending on the victim’s sex. The study is using critical discourse analysis for the selected news articles to find out if the views differentiate. To be able to do this we have based our research in gender theory and the theory of stigma created by Goffman. The results if this study generates three categories: "ideal victims", "non-ideal victims" and "male victims". Apart from these, another category was detected: "discussion or debate articles". Articles that categorises as "ideal victims" contains fewer details of the crime than the articles about "non-ideal victims". The category "male victims" vas created because the articles from this category was seriously diminished, we could on the other hand also apply the two previously stated categories on this one. The articles from the discussion or debate category brings up the problems of rape in a more general matter. The majority of these are speaking to or about women. The conclusion of this study is that media is presenting male and female rape victims differently. This shows, among other conclusions, that articles about female victims contains more details about the victim than articles about men; articles about men do in general rapport lesser details. This contributes to media’s control over the general view on rape victims and have therefor the opportunity to make this situation better. Media can create a more equal image of male and female victims where both will be needing support from society.

The aim of the thesis is to analyse Virginia Woolf's novels and non-fiction in light of several recent trends in feminism and gender theory relevant to her work. The thesis considers Woolf's label of a feminist writer from a contemporary perspective. It examines a variety of ways in which her writing poses a challenge to patriarchal values regarding the treatment and representation of women. Woolf's position regarding gender issues, women and feminism is not monolithic or unified which must be accounted for. At points, some of her stances can be seen as problematic from a present-day feminist perspective. At the same time, in her work she raises concerns which have been relevant for and expanded by proponents of contemporary feminism and gender theory. The thesis focuses on three areas regarding gender awareness and representation in Woolf's work. They are her narrative style, the sociopolitical context of her work and the questioning of gender categories. Woolf's narrative style and strategies are viewed in light of écriture féminine as conceptualised by Hélène Cixous. Through her manner of writing Woolf aimed to disrupt established ways of narrating women's experience. Her concept of the woman's sentence can be seen as foreshadowing écriture féminine. Apart from her style, Woolf's development as a...

Syftet med studien är att, utifrån ett genusteoretiskt perspektiv, beskriva hur genussystemet upprätthålls eller ifrågasätts i böckerna Nidstången och Rum 213, vilka är de verk barn i årskurs 4-6 läser frekvent i sin fria läsning. Detta mot bakgrunden att skolans värdegrundsuppdrag är att arbeta för jämställdhet mellan könen och att elevers identitetsskapande påverkas av den skönlitteratur de läser. Syftet besvaras genom att söka svar på frågorna: vilka egenskaper tillskrivs karaktärerna baserat på deras tankar, känslor och handlingar? Hur framställs de relationer som finns i böckerna? Genom en karaktärsanalys som kombinerar ett mimetiskt och ett semiotiskt perspektiv, visar analysen av resultatet att samtliga karaktärer reproducerar genussystemets premisser, om än på olika sätt och i olika utsträckning.

The objective of this bachelor thesis was to examine how the lifetime sentenced Johanna Möller, who in 2016 persuaded her boyfriend to kill her parents, is portrayed in Swedish news journalism. We analyzed 46 articles published in Swedish tabloid describing her character after she received her sentence in August 2017. The research questions were: How is Johanna Möller portrayed as a character? How is Johanna Möller portrayed as a criminal? How is Johanna Möller portrayed as a woman? Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis (CDA) and the associated three-dimensional model was conducted to find and dissect discourses in the articles. We carried out the analysis from a gender-related theoretical perspective and drew parallels to earlier research concerning media and crime.  Through the analysis, five discourses could be identified; The Non-agent, The Evil Woman and The Good Boy, Temptress, The Bad Mother and She Who Never Does Right.    Not seldom is Johanna Möller described as promiscuous, evil and manipulative. Her role as a mother is also being repeatedly criticized even though her actual crimes are not related to her motherhood. Accordingly, the journalists are constantly looking for an explanation for her abnormal behaviour and she is often being described as a cold hearted yet emotional person, which can be seen as a significant paradox in the portrayal of her. Our conclusion is that no matter Johanna Möller’s actual crimes, her role as a woman has become the most present aspect of her actions.

Baaam is a Swedish digitized lifestyle magazine for young women that, among other things, writes about sex, sexuality and relationships. Baaam is a feminist platform that claims to be a guiding companion to young women. The purpose of this study was to examine how Baaam portrays female sexuality and thus what messages they convey to young women regarding female sexuality. The research questions were: How is female sexuality portrayed in the lifestyle magazine Baaam? Does the selected articles from Baaam confirm or change the traditional, dominant view of female sexuality? Norman Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis (CDA) was conducted to find and then analyze discourses in the selected articles. A total of 23 articles published between 2016 and 2019 were analyzed. This was carried out from a social constructionist perspective together with representation theories and gender theories. Based on the analysis, different themes were used to explain how the sexual woman is constructed through different sub-discourses: ”The female sexual identity”, ”The woman’s sexual pleasure”, ”The sexual woman in relation to the man” and ”The performing sexual woman”. The sexual woman is portrayed both in a way that confirm and change the traditional, dominant view of female sexuality.

Many social, political and economic changes that affected intra-family relationships between men and women have occupied over the past century. It could be assumed that these changes also affected the distribution of power between women and men within a family, in particular - financial power. Whereas previously a man was the sole breadwinner of a family and the only manager of the household budget, now when women have new opportunities in the labor market it is logical to assume that women should also be included into the process of money management. The purpose of this study was to examine the mechanisms of financial management in Czech families and find the determinants that affect the choice of allocation systems. The study that was based on quantitative methods surveyed 560 men and women. Statistical analysis showed that the most common type of allocation systems is a financial pool (joint or partial), which indicates that there is a transformation of the distribution of financial power in families. However, traditional gender stereotypes are still evident in the management of family finances. The study also revealed that the main factors that affect the choice of a family allocation system are the level of household income, gender, length of cohabitation of spouses, woman's education and...

This paper presents an interpretation of an archaeological problem where Viking age treasure hoards on Gotland are discussed in relation to the provision of the morning gift in the medieval Guta law. There are around 700 treasure hoards found on Gotland and many of them contains what can be interpreted as female coded jewelry. In this essay Gender theory and the theory of performativity is used as a method to analyze treasure hoards with female coded jewelry and its purpose is to investigate jewelry in relation to gender. This study will take a closer look on eleven treasure hoards which have been selected based on jewelry identified as typically female. This might indicate that women were the ones who deposited their jewelry in the ground. The Guta law narrates women's political and social situation in the medieval society and it is possible that it can tell us about some social practices in the Viking society. This law is a great source to recount women’s rights and obligations when it comes to marriage and heritage. The law contains a provision about hogsl oc iþ which is interpreted to be the morning gift. The morning gift intended that a husband was to give his new wife a gift in relation to their marriage. The law stated that a woman had the right to her morning gift which could suggest that women could control this property and have ownership over it. This study investigates what the mentioned medieval law dictated in regard to what a morning gift should constitute of and if this have any connection to what can be found in Viking age treasure hoards. This study is performed by analyzing treasure hoards with jewelry identified as typically female, as well as analyzing the Guta Law which allow one interpretation of why there are so many deposited treasures on Gotland. The interpretation which is presented in this study is that women had ownership of their morning gift and they could have deposited it in the ground to protect themselves and their property.