Könssegregerade arbetsplatser och yrkesområden är något som kan vara till företagets nackdel, då det har visat sig att könssegregering kan bidra till sämre resultat och arbetsklimat. Segregeringen gör det också svårare för arbetsgivare att hitta rätt kompetens, vilket är ett stort problem i Värmland och anledningen till att projektet “Attraktionskraft Värmland” har startats av regionen. Projektet vill, tillsammans med företagen, göra arbetsmarknaden mer jämställd och minska segregeringen för att eliminera den kompetensbrist som råder i länet. En av de könssegregerade branscherna i Värmland är tillverkningsindustrin, som överrepresenteras av män.  Med inspiration av detta är syftet med studien att undersöka hur man kan locka fler kvinnliga medarbetare till branschen genom att ändra de fördomar och stereotyper som finns kring den. Detta med hjälp av att använda den grafiska profilen för att uttrycka jämställdhet och signalera att arbetsplatsen är inbjudande för alla kön. Studiens frågeställningar blev då:  På vilket sätt uttrycks jämställdhet genom semiotiska tecken i den grafiska profilen för företag inom tillverkningsindustrin i Värmland? Vad finns det för visuella element som kan vara problematiskt kopplat till jämställdhet i en grafisk profil? För att uppnå detta användes Luptons (2011) designprocess och en semiotisk multimodal analys av hemsidor från företag inom tillverkningsindustrin i Värmland. Tillsammans med den tidigare forskningen, teorier och resultatet av analysen visade analysen att sådant som färg, form, samt representation av kön och könsroller är påverkande i huruvida uttrycket på en hemsida upplevs som maskulint eller feminint. Efter analysen togs det fram en grafisk profil och mockup på hemsida som exempel på hur det går att använda dessa grafiska element för att skapa ett uttryck som inte diskriminerar något kön samt kan upplevas som inbjudande för alla könsidentiteter. Exemplet ska också visa hur det går att ändra den grafiska profilen med dessa aspekter i åtanke utan att tappa företagets grundvärderingar och identitet. Nyckelord: Grafisk design, grafiska profiler, jämställdhet, visuell kommunikation, employer branding / Gender-segregated workplaces and industries are something that can be to the company's disadvantage, as it has been shown that gender segregation can contribute to poorer results and work climate. Segregation also makes it more difficult for employers to find the right skills, which is a major problem in Värmland and the reason why the project "Attraction Värmland" has been launched by the region. Together with businesses, the project aims to make the labor market more equal and reduce segregation to eliminate the skills shortage in the county. One of the most gender-segregated sectors in Värmland is the manufacturing industry, which is overrepresented by men. Inspired by this, the purpose of the study is to explore how to attract more female employees to that industry by changing the prejudices and stereotypes surrounding it. This is done by using the graphic profile to express gender equality and signal that the workplace is inviting to all genders. The study's questions then became: How is gender equality expressed through semiotic signs in the graphic profile of companies in the manufacturing industry in Värmland? What visual elements can be problematic in relation to gender equality in a graphic profile? To achieve this, Lupton's (2011) design process and a semiotic multimodal analysis of websites from companies in the manufacturing industry in Värmland were used. Together with the previous research, theories, and the results of the analysis, the study showed that things like color, shape, and representation of gender and gender roles are influential in whether the expression on a website is perceived as masculine or feminine. After the analysis, a graphic profile and mockup of the website were developed as an example of how it is possible to use these graphic elements to create an expression that does not discriminate against any gender and can be perceived as inviting to all gender identities. The example also wants to show how it is possible to change the graphic profile with these aspects in mind without losing the company's core values and identity. Keywords: Graphic design, graphic profiles, gender equality, visual communication, employer branding

Syftet med föreliggande studie har varit att kartlägga hur grafiska formgivare runt om i världen uppfattar skandinavisk grafisk design. 53 deltagare från industriländer deltog i studien som använde en kombination av mail-intervjuer och enkäter. Resultaten från denna studie indikerar att, oavsett kontinent, upplevs skandinavisk grafisk design som enkel och funktionell. Layouten uppfattades som rutnätsbaserad med mycket ljusrum och få grafiska element. Monokroma färger som svart, vit och grå utan gradienter och skuggor uppfattades som typiska för skandinavisk grafisk design; följt av jord- och pastellfärger. Sanserifer var mest förknippade med skandinavisk grafisk design. Motiv ansågs i denna studie att användas sparsamt, men när de används avbildar de naturen eller geometriska former. Foton och illustrationer ansågs användas ungefär lika mycket, illustrationer hade en smärre större preferens. Den upplevda påverkan av skandinavisk grafisk design varierade mellan deltagarna. Deltagarna som tyckte att påverkan var stor, ansåg att detta berodde på förespråkandet av enkelhet och funktion, sammanflätning av designområden och/eller frammaning av hållbar grafisk design. Deltagarna som ansåg att påverkan var låg, tyckte att för lite publicitet var en bidragande faktor.De flesta deltagarna i denna undersökning ansåg att skandinavisk grafisk design var enklare i jämförelse med vad de kunde se i sina hemländer. Vidare tyckte afrikanska, asiatiska och sydamerikanska deltagare  att färgerna hade lägre kroma. / The aim of the present study was to determine how graphic designers around the globe perceive Scandinavian graphic design. 53 participants from industrial countries around the world partook in the study, which used a combination method of mail interviews and questionnaires.The results of this study indicated that, regardless of continent, Scandinavian graphic design was perceived as simple and functional. The often grid-based layout favored the use of sans-serifs, white space and few graphic elements according to the participants in this study. Achromatic colors such as black, white, and grey without gradients and shadows were preferred. Followed by earthy and pastel hues. Motifs were used sparingly, but when they were, they depicted elements found in nature or geometric shapes. Photos and illustrations were perceived to be equally in use, with a slight inclination towards illustrations being used more. The perceived impact of Scandinavian graphic design was wide-ranging. The participants who found the impact to be high were due to advocating simplicity and functionality, intertwining design fields, and/or raising awareness of conscious graphic design. The participants, who found the impact to be low, believed that too little exposure was a contributing factor. Most participants in this study considered Scandinavian graphic design simpler in comparison to what they can see in their own countries. Furthermore, African, Asian and South American participants perceived the colors to be lower in chromatic value.

<p>The interest for food and cooking has probably never engaged the people of Sweden as much as it does today. Especially cookbooks are selling better than ever which has been a quite constant trend since the mid 90's. This study explores the connection between visual communication in Swedish cookbooks and the post-modern values which have influenced the market climate and the visual culture. I have used a theoretical framework as reference consisting of theories of semiotics, visual rhetoric, marketing communications and postmodernism. I have been studying six cookbooks, three from the late 00's and three from the early 90's, from the two separate angles of their graphic design and photographic material. The survey has been conducted by using both qualitative and quantitative methods to make it possible to both gather information about the impression of the visual communication as well as statistics of space given to text and images as well as main motives in the photography. In my essay I discuss the meaning of the differences between the cooking books of the separate time periods along with the above mentioned angles with the theoretical framework in mind. I also discuss the question about what in fact makes a cooking book have costumer value. As a conclusion I state that cookbooks by updating their image of what a cookbook is supposed to be, succeeded to reach new markets with post-modern influenced preferences by making cooking part of an experience in the mind of the consumer.</p>

<h2><em>Sammanfattning</em></h2><p>Syftet med detta examensarbete har varit att, genom att kombinera kunskaperna inom interaktionsdesign med kunskaperna inom visuell kommunikation, ta fram en designlösning åt Norrköpings Visualiseringscenter C som presenterar innehållet i deras utställning “Att visa det man inte kan se“ på deras hemsida.</p><p>För att nå detta syfte har utvalda teorier och metoder använts och i uppsatsen beskrivs designprocessen steg för steg - hela vägen från uppdragsbeskrivning, genom teorier och metoder till den färdiga designlösningen.</p><p>Teorierna i denna uppsats handlar om interaktionsdesign, gränssnittsdesign, användbarhet, visuell kommunikation och teknik. Metoderna för att få reda på användarnas åsikter behandlar användartester, Card sorting, LoFi- och HiFi-prototyper.</p><p>Resultatet av rapporten beskriver hur Adobe Flash kan användas för att skapa en interaktiv design för en webbsideapplikation med kontroll över interaktion, visuell kommunikation och användbarhet.</p><p>Resultatet visar också hur användarnas återkoppling under användartesten påverkade slutresultatet. Resultatet visar även att en designprocess är olik från gång till gång men att det finns vissa riktlinjer som kan hjälpa en designer genom processen på ett kontrollerat sätt.</p> / <h2><em>Abstract</em></h2><p>The goal of this thesis is to combine knowledge from interaction design with knowledge from visual communication in order to create a design solution for Norrköping Visualization Center C and their exhibition “To show what can’t be seen“ for their website.</p><p>To reach this goal, theories and methods have been used and in this thesis the design process is described - step by step - all the way from the clients brief to the final design solution.</p><p>The theories in this thesis are concerned with interaction design, interface design, usability, visual communication and technology. The methods employed are usability tests, card sorting, and LoFi- and HiFi-prototypes.</p><p>This thesis report describes how Adobe Flash can be used to create an interactive design for a website application that establishes control over the interaction, visual communication and usability. It also shows how the users feedback on the user tests affected the end result.</p><p>This thesis also shows that a design process can vary from time to time but there are some guidelines that can help a designer through the process in a controlled way.</p>

<p>Scania InfoMate develops web applications that support truck distributors and workshops with the necessary tools for an effective maintenance process. However, the end-users of these applications are faced with as many different graphical interfaces as there are applications. As a consequence, important effects of recognition are lost, developers spend unnecessary time designing new solutions for each application and Scania InfoMate does not present a homogeneous brand image towards its customers.</p><p>Therefore the aim of this study is to give a suggestion of how a standardized graphical interface for web applications at Scania InfoMate should be designed. The given suggestion should come from thorough investigation of both end-user needs and recent research within the area of usability. In addition to a standardized interface this study also aims to deliver guidelines that support future web application development at Scania InfoMate.</p><p>Through a combination of methods, mainly heuristic evaluation and user interviews, an elaborate description of usability and consistency problems in a defined web application portfolio is produced. This served as a basis for developing an interface design suggestion and helped pinpoint crucial areas in need of usability and consistency guidelines.</p><p>The main findings are a graphical interface design suggestion that specify positioning and visualization of common interface elements and guidelines ensuring that future web application development at Scania InfoMate is kept at a high standard regarding usability and consistency. This study also points out areas for further development at Scania InfoMate and suggests that additional studies should take place to establish a common view on consistency issues.</p>

The interest for food and cooking has probably never engaged the people of Sweden as much as it does today. Especially cookbooks are selling better than ever which has been a quite constant trend since the mid 90's. This study explores the connection between visual communication in Swedish cookbooks and the post-modern values which have influenced the market climate and the visual culture. I have used a theoretical framework as reference consisting of theories of semiotics, visual rhetoric, marketing communications and postmodernism. I have been studying six cookbooks, three from the late 00's and three from the early 90's, from the two separate angles of their graphic design and photographic material. The survey has been conducted by using both qualitative and quantitative methods to make it possible to both gather information about the impression of the visual communication as well as statistics of space given to text and images as well as main motives in the photography. In my essay I discuss the meaning of the differences between the cooking books of the separate time periods along with the above mentioned angles with the theoretical framework in mind. I also discuss the question about what in fact makes a cooking book have costumer value. As a conclusion I state that cookbooks by updating their image of what a cookbook is supposed to be, succeeded to reach new markets with post-modern influenced preferences by making cooking part of an experience in the mind of the consumer.

Scania InfoMate develops web applications that support truck distributors and workshops with the necessary tools for an effective maintenance process. However, the end-users of these applications are faced with as many different graphical interfaces as there are applications. As a consequence, important effects of recognition are lost, developers spend unnecessary time designing new solutions for each application and Scania InfoMate does not present a homogeneous brand image towards its customers. Therefore the aim of this study is to give a suggestion of how a standardized graphical interface for web applications at Scania InfoMate should be designed. The given suggestion should come from thorough investigation of both end-user needs and recent research within the area of usability. In addition to a standardized interface this study also aims to deliver guidelines that support future web application development at Scania InfoMate. Through a combination of methods, mainly heuristic evaluation and user interviews, an elaborate description of usability and consistency problems in a defined web application portfolio is produced. This served as a basis for developing an interface design suggestion and helped pinpoint crucial areas in need of usability and consistency guidelines. The main findings are a graphical interface design suggestion that specify positioning and visualization of common interface elements and guidelines ensuring that future web application development at Scania InfoMate is kept at a high standard regarding usability and consistency. This study also points out areas for further development at Scania InfoMate and suggests that additional studies should take place to establish a common view on consistency issues.

Åtta semi-strukturerade djupintervjuer genomfördes i syfte att kartlägga svenska formgivares och förlagsanställdas strategiska och kreativa arbetsprocess samt olika attityder vid arbetet med praktverk och coffee table-böcker. Dessa böckers termer och definitioner diskuterades även, samt boktypens förut-sättningar och utmaningar på marknaden. I denna rapport presenteras funna teman rörande dessa tankemönster och attity-der, samt en generell beskrivning av arbetsprocessen. Produktionen av coffee table-böcker och praktverk fanns vara komplex på grund av att den involverade många personer, tog lång tid i anspråk, var kost-sam och hade relativt små vinstmarginaler vilket därmed kunde förenas med vissa risker. Respondenterna upplevde generellt arbetet som spännande, roligt och givande.Studien belyser även förekomsten av en viss diskrepans vad gäller associationerna till termerna ”coffee table-bok” och ”praktverk”. Coffee table-böcker ansågs främst av de förlagsanställda ha ett innehåll av lägre kvalitet jämfört med det hos ett praktverk. / Semi-structured, in-depth interviews with eight Swedish graphic designers and employees at publishing houses were carried out with the purpose of mapping the strategic and creative work process of producing Coffee table books and Luxury works (Swedish praktverk), as well as respondents attitudes towards these processes.The three main steps identified in the process are presented and compared to results in previous studies. The production of these books was found to be complex due to the number of people involved, the time required, the costs involved and the relatively small profit margins.  All of which increase the exposure to certain risks.  The re-spondents however found the work to be exciting, enjoyable and fulfilling.In addition to this the study discovered the inconsistency between the definition of “Coffee table book” and “Luxury work” and what was found to be the com-monly accepted understanding of these.  This applied particularly to the term “Coffee table book,” where some respondents associated the term to a lower standard of literature. The terms and definitions of these books will be dis-cussed as well as the market condition described by the respondents.

Denna studie är en jämförelse med en tidigare studie om hur den grafiska designen på en nyhets webbplats påverkar studenternas tillit till webbplatsen och påverkar artiklarnas trovärdighet utifrån studenternas perspektiv. Undersökningen genomfördes utifrån två metodansatser, kvalitativ och kvantitativ metod. För insamling av data användes enkäter och intervjuer. Syftet med denna undersökning är att få en förståelse för vilka faktorer som påverkar tilliten till nyhetswebbplatser och om det finns likheter mellan denna studie och en tidigare studie. / This study is a comparison with previous studies on how the graphic design on a news site influences students’ trust in the website and influences the articles credibility from the perspective of the students. The studie was conducted on the basis of two methods, qualitative and quantitative method. Data collection was conducted through use of questionnaries and interviews. The purpose of this studie is to gain an understanding of the factors that affect the trust of news websites and if there are similarities between this study and previous studies.

Denna undersökning handlar om hur den grafiska designen på en nyhets webbplats påverkar högskolestudenters tillit till webbplatsen och påverkar artiklarnas trovärdighet från studentens perspektiv. Undersökningen utfördes utifrån en triangulär forskningsmetod. En kvantitativ samt kvalitativ metod användes, insamlingsteknikerna som användes under undersökningen var en enkätundersökning samt intervjuer. Syftet med undersökningen var att förstå vilka faktorer påverkar användarnas tillit till en nyhets webbplats och artiklars trovärdighet. Motiven till denna undersökning är att sanningslösa nyheter sprids över sociala medier samt att många människor inte inser att nyheterna är sanningslösa och väljer att dela det vidare till sin krets på sociala medier. Detta är något som behöver bearbetas och redas ut. / This review is about how the graphic design on a news site influences college students' trust towards the site and how it affects the credibility to the articles from the student's perspective. The review was conducted on the basis of a triangular research method. A quantitative and a qualitative method was used, the collection techniques used during the review were a survey and interviews. The purpose of the survey was to understand what factors affect users' trust in a news site and article credibility. The motivation for this review is that truthless news are spread across social media and that many people do not realize that the news is truthless and choose to share it with their circle on social media. This is something that needs to be processed and fixed.