La présente thèse cartographie et condense l'histoire des relations entre l'art et la télévision au cours du demi-siècle environ durant lequel la télévision maintint sa position de média de masse par excellence dans la société, des années 1950 au tournant du millénaire, jusqu'à la phase de vaporisation des médias récemment apportée par la profusion des technologies numériques et d'Internet. La centaine d'artistes étudiés appartient à différentes générations, des pionniers des années 1960 tels que Nam June Paik, Andy Warhol et divers collectifs de la guerilla television aux figures postmodernistes telles que Dara Birnbaum et General Idea, des artistes issus des années 1990 comme Phil Collins, Christian Jankowski et Matthieu Laurette aux figures émergées au XXIe siècle comme Keren Cytter, Hito Steyerl, Ryan Trecartin et les Yes Men.Les travaux abordés sont des vidéos, installations, performances, interventions et programmes télévisés conçus comme des formes de résistance, d'appropriation et de parodie de la télévision grand public, qui exposent les mécanismes par lesquels le média de masse influence notre perception de la réalité et de nous-mêmes. Les genres et les formats télévisuels les plus populaires sont ciblés : les informations, publicités, soap operas, talk-shows, émissions pour enfants, vidéoclips, téléréalité, divertissements éducatifs et séries télévisées. En permettant de « voir à distance », la télévision produit chez le spectateur un sentiment étrange de déplacement physique. Les travaux étudiés mettent en évidence et tentent de surmonter cette séparation entre les corps factuels et télévisés, qui est aussi une séparation entre réalité et représentation. / The present study maps and condenses the history of the relationships between art and television during the rough half century in which television maintained its position as society’s quintessential mass medium, from the 1950s to the turn of the millennium, through to the phase of vaporization of media recently brought by the profusion of digital technologies and the Internet. The close to one hundred artists discussed belong to different generations, from 1960s pioneers such as Nam June Paik, Andy Warhol and various guerrilla television collectives to postmodernist figures such as Dara Birnbaum and General Idea, from artists emerged in the 1990s such as Phil Collins, Christian Jankowski, and Matthieu Laurette up to figures emerged in in this early XXI century such as Keren Cytter, Hito Steyerl, Ryan Trecartin, and the Yes Men.The works discussed are videos, installations, performances, interventions and television programs conceived as forms of resistance, appropriation and parody of mainstream television, that expose the mechanisms through which the mass medium influences our perception of both reality and ourselves. To be targeted are the most popular television genres and formats including news, commercials, soap operas, talk shows, children's programs, music videos, reality shows, edutainment, and TV series. By allowing to “see at distance,” television produces in the viewer an uncanny feeling of physical displacement. What the works discussed highlight and try to overcome, is that split between factual and televised bodies, that is also a split between reality and representation.

This dissertation provides an analysis of, and critical commentary on, the practice of playfulness as persistent phenomenon in the arts, technology and theory. Its aim is to introduce political reflections on agency through the study of playful technological artefacts, which were largely ignored in the recent discussions on game and play. Following the critical analysis of historic discourses and actual studies of play under differing auspices, and in order to understand play as inherently political agency, this thesis’ research question addresses the immersive effects of playful agency in symbolic exchange systems and in the material consciousness of the player. This thesis conducts an analysis of material cultures, in order to categorise play as technique of an inherent critique of technological culture. It traces the development of contemporary technological objects and their materiality in relation to the application of the concept of affordance in design theory. The author consequently proposes a new category of ‘play affordances’ in order to describe these new requirements of play found in consumer technologies. The structure of the analysis in the distinct chapters is informed by a stringent historic, theoretical and arts analysis and an alternating arts practice. The convergence of these elements leads to insights on further uses, options and perspectives of the research problems discussed, in particular in relation to the requirements of playful interaction in contemporary technologies, which increasingly radicalises the importance of play. The thesis’ hypothesis states that playful practices in arts and technologies provide models for political agency, like the strategic use of Con-Dividualities (Jahrmann 2000). This term describes the concept of shared identities in society or social media consumer technologies, as discussed in historic case studies and the author’s own arts practice, related to the modification of technologies as methodology of arts research. In this way the arts practice and theory of playfulness informs the emergence of a new methodology of research, intervention and participation in society through the arts of play, which is coined as Ludics, as an original outcome of this thesis.

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited / This thesis presents a historical analysis of the evolution of US Army Special Forces operations from 1995 to 2004, focusing specifically on operations conducted in the Balkans (Bosnia and Kosovo), Afghanistan and Iraq, answering the research question: How have the operations conducted by US Army Special Forces evolved from the Balkans in 1995 through Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) to Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF)? The thesis examines the progression of Special Forces operations during each of the aforementioned campaigns, analyzing their evolution in the areas of intelligence operations, unconventional warfare and foreign internal defense, close air support, integration with conventional forces and the institutionalization of lessons learned. The thesis concludes by examining future roles of US Army Special Forces with respect to employment. Tracing the progression of Special Forces employment from the Balkans to OIF is critical to understanding the factors contributing to the success of Special Forces operations in both the decisive operations and stability and support (SASO) phases of OEF and OIF. / Major, United States Army

This study presents the thesis that religious cleavages in Lebanon have been the major factor behind most of the country's problems since the achievement of independence in 1943. The coming of the Palestinians in 1948 and in the 1970s upset Lebanon's delicate sociopolitical balance between Christians and Muslims in favor of the latter. The study's four chapters describe the origins of Lebanon's religious groups, the arrival of the Palestinians, Lebanon's emergence as the sole Palestinian guerrilla base, and the outbreak and aftermath of the Lebanese civil war of 1975-1976. Finally, suggestions are made for the resolution of the continuing Christian-Muslim conflict, notably the alternatives of federalism and confederalism as possible future political arrangements for Lebanon.

Approved for public release; distribution in unlimited. / U.S. naval doctrine has been dominated by the Mahanian concept of massing large capital ships for over one hundred years. Yet, it was a Cyclone-class patrol craft, a USCG cutter, and an Australian frigate that pushed up the Khor-Abd-Allah waterway and opened up the port of Umm Qasr, Iraq, during the Second Gulf War. They continue to protect it and the surrounding oil infrastructure from attack from insurgents and terrorists today. With the navy's current interest in transformation, the question arises, is the navy as presently configured well suited for today's threats? This thesis explores the question of how should the navy meet threats to national interests. This is accomplished through historical analysis of an event that is similar to the situation today: The Philippine Insurrection (1899-1902). This episode showcases the shortcomings of the navy's conventional approach to military operations other than war, and the need for change. In today's asymmetric environment, the past provides insight into effective means for handling these types of threats. This thesis concludes that the navy needs to diversify itself to incorporate different ship platforms, platforms that incorporate the utility of old with the technology of new. / Lieutenant, United States Navy

O presente trabalho tem duplo objetivo, prático e teórico. Em termos práticos, busca sistematizar as discussões sobre a responsabilização dos militares e do Estado por acontecimentos do regime militar, bem como sobre a busca da verdade e a preservação da memória. Destacam-se nas discussões os acontecimentos da Guerrilha do Araguaia. Em termos teóricos, tem a intenção de apresentar uma exposição compreensiva da Teoria da Argumentação, tentando adaptá-la, na medida do possível, às necessidades da Argumentação Jurídica. Para cumprir esse duplo objetivo, o trabalho aplica a Teoria da Argumentação às discussões sobre o regime militar almejando benefícios para a teoria e para a prática. Desse modo, o trabalho inicia apresentando os principais conceitos e ferramentas da Teoria da Argumentação. Em seguida, realiza algumas adaptações das ferramentas para que sejam utilizadas na argumentação jurídica. Por fim, utilizando os conceitos e ferramentas expostos e adaptados, apresenta o Mapa Argumentativo dos debates sobre o regime militar, com destaque para as discussões sobre a possibilidade de responsabilizar criminalmente os militares por torturas, execuções e desaparecimentos forçados. São levados em consideração especialmente os aspectos fáticos do caso da Guerrilha do Araguaia e argumentos levantados pelo STF no julgamento da ADPF 153 e pela Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos no Caso Gomes Lund (Guerrilha do Araguaia) v. Brasil. A dissertação conclui que os militares não foram beneficiados pela Lei de Anistia e aponta para a continuidade dos debates tanto sobre o aspecto criminal quanto outros problemas identificados no Mapa. Na parte teórica, chama-se atenção para a necessidade de continuar o estudo da Teoria da Argumentação e de adaptá-la às necessidades da Argumentação Jurídica. / This dissertation has two objectives: a practical and a theoretical one. The practical objective is to organize discussions concerning the responsibility of the State and the Military due to events occurred in the Brazilian Military Government, as well as discussions about the search for the historical truth and preservation of its memory. Special attention is draw upon the Araguaias Guerilla. Theoretically, the work intends to present the main aspects of Argumentation Theory trying to adapt it - as long as possible - to be used in Legal Argumentation. To fulfill this double objective, one applies Argumentation Theory to the Military Government events discussions aiming for benefits both for theory and practice. Hence, it begins presenting the essential concepts and tools of Argumentation Theory. It follows with the tools adaptations to Legal Argumentation. Finally, the Argumentation Map of the discussions is presented. The problem whether the most severe crimes of the military personnel (tortures and executions for instance) were amnestied is dealt with in greater detail. The events of Araguaias Guerrilla, the arguments of Brazilian Supreme Court in ADPF 153 and the arguments of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in Gomes Lund v Brazil Case are all given special attention. The dissertation concludes that the military (States agents) were not amnestied. It also points out the next steps in the discussions. As for the theoretical concerns, the conclusion draws attention to the importance of studying and developing Argumentation Theory in connection with Legal Argumentation.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-13T14:10:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo Costa Maceira.pdf: 4839435 bytes, checksum: f862ae19bb46b04a0a8c919cb62d4633 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-27 / This dissertation investigates the creative heritage and the discursive strategies of the videos that report guerrilla advertising actions in the cyberspace. The guerrilla is a genre of the advertising discourse that has incorporated new poetic, syntactic and semantic possibilities, with the emergence of its enunciation on video, since the 2000 s, and is understood as a hybrid language (SANTAELLA , 2011), crossing codes operated by different medias. The research approaches the video reports expression through which they are referred to in this text from bibliographical, documentary and empirical sources. It considers a corpus of 20 video reports and 10 interviews with some of its creative professionals. The main objective of this dissertation is to recognize the logic of production of the video reports, putting the creative procedures (poetics) that provide the aesthetic backgrounds to the advertising guerrilla, in relation to the enunciation strategies that update, on video, the original guerrilla experience. The study applies to the video the concept of enunciation scene by Maingueneau (2012), assuming it as a frame that circumscribes meaningful statements. It also applies to the advertising guerrilla the situationist notion of situation , in its close relationship with men s playful vocation studied by Huizinga (2012), in order to introduce the video report as a discourse in which a playful interaction establishes a consumer scene (CARRASCOZA, 2012). The dissertation takes from Williams (2011a) the relationship between emergent and dominant cultural forms, and demonstrates how the consistency of the guerrilla poetics (imported from the creative processes and ways of challenging of the avant-garde and the counterculture), when related on video, slides the concern with the loyalty of the statement to the impression of truth in the enunciation (ECO, 1984). Finally, the research makes use of a methodology that combines the generative course of meaning of Greimas semiotics (FIORIN, 2001, 2008, 2013), and principles and procedures of the French Discourse Analysis, in order to observe and bring to light the meaning strategies in selected cases of guerrilla advertising video reports. / Esta dissertação investiga a herança criativa e as estratégias discursivas dos vídeos que relatam, no ciberespaço, experiências de guerrilha publicitária. Entendida como linguagem híbrida (SANTAELLA, 2011), que cruza códigos operados por mídias diversas, a guerrilha é um gênero do discurso publicitário que passou a incorporar novas possibilidades poéticas, sintáticas e semânticas, com a emergência de sua enunciação em vídeo, a partir da década de 2000. A pesquisa estuda o videorrelato, nome que os vídeos recebem no trabalho, a partir de fontes bibliográficas, documentais e empíricas. Considera um corpus de 20 videorrelatos e 10 entrevistas realizadas com alguns de seus profissionais de criação. Tem como objetivo principal conhecer suas lógicas de produção, relacionando modos de criar (poéticas) que forneceram antecedentes estéticos para a guerrilha publicitária com as estratégias de enunciação que a atualizam em vídeo. Aplica ao vídeo o conceito de cena de enunciação , de Maingueneau (2012), admitindo-o como moldura que circunscreve enunciados produtores de sentido, e à guerrilha a noção situacionista de situação (KNABB, 2006), em sua íntima relação com a vocação lúdica do homem estudada por Huizinga (2012), para sugerir o videorrelato como um discurso no qual o jogo da guerrilha instaura uma cena de consumo (CARRASCOZA, 2012). Toma dos estudos de Williams (2011a) a relação entre formas emergentes e dominantes de cultura, e demonstra como a consistência da poética da guerrilha, importada dos modos de criar e desafiar das vanguardas históricas e da contracultura, desliza, nos videorrelatos, a preocupação com a fidelidade do enunciado para a impressão de verdade na enunciação (ECO, 1984). Finalmente, a pesquisa lança mão de um referencial teórico-metodológico que combina o percurso gerativo de sentido, da Semiótica Discursiva (FIORIN, 2001, 2008, 2013), e princípios e procedimentos da Análise de Discurso de linha francesa (MAINGUENEAU, 2006, 2012, 2013), para observar e trazer à luz estratégias de construção de sentido em casos selecionados de videorrelatos de guerrilha publicitária.

A Guerrilha do Araguaia é considerada uma das páginas mais sombrias e difusas da ditadura civil-militar (1964-1985). O movimento ocorreu no sul dos Estados do Pará e do Maranhão e no norte de Goiás (atual Estado do Tocantins). O conflito armado, que se desenvolveu dos anos de 1972 a 1974, constitui-se em um tema ainda pouco pesquisado. Embora bastante comentado, a maioria dos trabalhos que o focalizam foi feita por jornalistas. Nossa pesquisa se propõe a perceber como, depois de mais de quatro décadas, as memórias desse episódio estão sendo trabalhadas em sala de aula no perímetro do conflito e se esse tema tem sido abordado nos livros didáticos de história adotados pelas escolas pesquisadas. Dessa forma, problematizamos as diversas memórias históricas ou sociais já consolidadas, em que pese a escassa bibliografia pertinente. Nesse sentido, discutimos as narrativas de professores das redes estadual e municipal de ensino, além de apresentarmos um capítulo propositivo. / La guerrilla de Araguaia es considerada una de las páginas más negras y difusa dictadura cívico-militar (1964-1985). El movimiento se produjo en los estados del sur de Pará y Maranhão y en Goias norte (estado actual de Tocantins). El conflicto armado se ha desarrollado entre los años 1972 y 1974, siendo un tema aún no investigado, aunque bastante comentado, y la mayoría de la investigación fue realizada por los periodistas. Nuestra investigación tiene como objetivo entender cómo después de más de cuatro décadas, el recuerdo de ese episodio se está trabajando en el aula en el perímetro del conflicto y cómo este tema se ha tratado en los libros de texto de historia. Por lo tanto, cuestionamos las diferentes memorias históricas y sociales ya establecidos una bibliografía poco escaso, pero carece de la investigación y el debate o las cuestiones que pueden contribuir a una mejor reflexión sobre el tema.

I genomsnitt utsätts vi för 3000 reklambudskap under en dag, men bara cirka 14 % av de okonventionella kampanjerna har någon effekt. Vi har blivit för medvetna om hur reklam påverkar oss och för kritiska mot media för att köpa dessa budskap. Jay Conrad Levinsons grundade för cirka 30 år sedan begreppet gerilla marknadsföring. Den här kreativa marknadsföringsmetoden var till en början tänkt för de företag som hade begränsade resurser. Metoden kan vara väldigt kostnadseffektiv och används idag flitigt bland både stora som små företag. Vi har valt att i vår uppsats lägga fokus på konsumenterna och hur de ser på traditionell marknadsföring jämfört mot mer kreativa medieval. En viktig faktor och den del som hela begreppet gerillamarknadsföring bygger på är word-of-mouth. Detta är ett fenomen som går ut på att folk som utsätts för en viss kampanj pratar vidare om detta och på så sätt sprider budskapet vidare. Vi bygger vår empiri på en enkätundersökning där 80 personer besvarade frågor hur de upplever traditionell marknadsföring samt vad de får för uppfattning av fyra olika exempel på gerillakampanjer. Resultatet bekräftar den teori som vi har angående att denna form av marknadsföring skulle skapa ett större intresse samt tendera att öka folks benägenhet till word-of-mouth. On average we are exposed to 3000 advertising messages a day, but only about 14% of the unconventional campaigns have any effect. We have become too aware of how advertising affects us and critical of the media to buy these messages. Jay Conrad Levinson's founded about 30 years ago the concept of guerrilla marketing. This creative marketing method was initially meant for those companies with limited resources. The method can be very cost effective and widely used today among both large and small companies. We have chosen in this essay to focus on consumers and how they see traditional marketing compared to the more creative media choices. An important factor, and the part that the whole concept of guerrilla marketing is based on is word-of-mouth. This is a phenomenon that involves people who are exposed to a particular campaign talking further about this, and thus spread its message. We build our empirical work on a survey in which 80 people answered the questions how they see traditional marketing and what they get for the idea of ​​four different examples of guerrilla campaigns. The result confirms the theory that we have regarding this form of marketing would create a greater interest and tend to increase people's propensity to word-of-mouth. / Program: Butikschefsutbildningen

O tema das mulheres e sua relação com a guerra e a política começou a ser investigado na Colômbia durante a última década. Com o objetivo de colaborar para a compreensão deste fenômeno mais especificamente, a participação de mulheres em grupos guerrilheiros , nesta dissertação se busca analisar a trajetória de vida de cinco mulheres que ingressaram no Exército de Liberação Nacional entre os anos de 1980 e 1990. As categorias centrais manejadas neste trabalho foram: trajetórias de vida, gênero e conflito armado, concepções desenvolvidas com base nos postulados teóricos de Joan Scott e Pierre Bourdieu. Metodologicamente foram utilizadas ferramentas da história oral na abordagem dos relatos de histórias de vida com o fim de traçar pontes entre o sujeito, as condições sociais e a estrutura. Da mesma forma, realizou-se uma análise do Exército de Liberação Nacional como um campo social a partir do qual se pode abordar as relações entre homens e mulheres em temas como sexualidade, maternidade, relações de casais e referentes identitários. Enquanto se avançou em direção a uma aproximação à história dessas cinco mulheres dentro do grupo guerrilheiro, surgiram novas perguntas relacionadas com a trajetória política de cada uma delas no âmbito da vida civil. / El tema de las mujeres y su relación con la guerra y la política comienza a ser investigado en Colombia durante la última década. Con el fin de aportar en la comprensión de este fenómeno y específicamente en la participación de las mujeres en los grupos guerrilleros, con esta disertación se busca analizar las trayectorias de vida de cinco mujeres que ingresaron al Ejército de Liberación Nacional entre los años de 1980 a 1990. Las categorías centrales fueron: trayectorias de vida, género y conflicto armado, desarrolladas dentro de los postulados teóricos de Joan Scott y Pierre Bourdieu; metodológicamente se utilizaron herramientas de la historia oral y los relatos de vida con el fin de trazar puentes entre el sujeto, las condiciones sociales y la estructura. De igual forma, se realizó un análisis del Ejército de Liberación Nacional como un campo social para realizar el abordaje de las relaciones entre hombres y mujeres en temas como sexualidad, maternidad, relaciones de pareja y referentes identitarios. Si bien, se avanzó en una aproximación a la historia de estas cinco mujeres dentro del grupo guerrillero, surgen nuevas preguntas relacionadas con la trayectoria política de cada una de ellas en el ámbito de la vida civil.