The last decades the increased computerisation at the places of work has led to new physical loads in the working life and new demands on the working environment. The widespread usage of computers in the working life has led to more sedentary work and less daily movement. The purpose of the thesis is to develop a new product to a concept that in a low intensive and healthy promotional way will activate the body. The product will make a combination of healthy promotion activity and work during office hours possible and primary aims to those with a sedentary office work, which leads to that the body don´t get to be activated in the extent needed. Information has been gathered from studies already made in this area, interviews plus a study and an experiment. From the gathered information concepts and functional solutions has been generated and evaluated to result in a product concept. The thesis has resulted in a concept that consists of a work place unit where the user walks on a treadmill and works at the same time. A general conclusion which can be drawn is that the majority of persons that tested to walk and simultaneously work with a computor on the treadmill found this way of working attractive. Many were positively surprised and said that they would use such an physically activating work place implement if it was available at their place of work.

Det finns fyra hörnpelare för gott åldrande: social gemenskap, meningsfull sysselsättning och delaktighet, fysisk aktivitet samt goda matvanor. Syftet med föreliggande studie var att beskriva vad äldre individer upplever bidrar till den egna hälsan och välbefinnandet. Kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med 15 personer över 75 år. Intervjuerna analyserades med hjälp av kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Tre kategorier framkom under det latenta temat ”känsla av att ha tillgång till och kontroll över resurser som gör det möjligt att leva ett fortsatt aktivt och meningsfullt liv som äldre”: ”leva i en bra fysisk miljö”, ”känsla av meningsfullhet” och ”känsla av oberoende”. Det var viktigt för informanterna att ha en bra bostad och en trivsam närmiljö. Meningsfullhet kom av social gemenskap och tillhörighet, meningsfulla aktiviteter och en positiv attityd och tro. Oberoende bestod av att vara frisk och att anpassa sina aktiviteter samt att ha god ekonomi och tillgång till transportmedel. Tillgång till och kontroll över dessa förutsättningar möjliggjorde att fortsätta leva ett aktivt och meningsfullt liv. Resultatet stämmer väl överens med tidigare forskning inom området. Det är viktigt att hälsofrämjande insatser kring äldres hälsa präglas av en helhetssyn och att samtliga behov hos äldre tillgodoses i största möjliga mån. Framtida forskning kan undersöka ämnet hos äldre med sämre självupplevd hälsa än i föreliggande studie. / There are four main factors contributing to good ageing: social community, meaningful occupation and participation, physical activity and good eating habits. The purpose of this study was to describe what elderly people experience contribute to their own health and well-being. Qualitative semi structured interviews were conducted with 15 people aged 75 or more. The interviews were analyzed with qualitative content analysis. Three main categories emerged under the latent theme of “feeling of having access to and control over resources making it possible to live a continued active and meaningful life as an elderly”: “living in a good physical environment”, “feeling of meaningfulness” and “feeling of independence”. It was important to the informants to have a good home and a nice neighbourhood. Meaningfulness came from social sense of community and belonging, meaningful activities and a positive attitude and faith. Independence consisted of feeling well and healthy and adapting activities as well as having a good economy and access to transportation. Access and control over these conditions made it possible to keep living an active and meaningful life. The result is in accordance to previous research within the area. It is important that health promoting efforts for the elderly has a comprehensive view and that all needs of the elderly are met as far as possible. Future research could investigate the subject in elderly with a lower self-perceived health.

ABSTRACT Objective The aim of this study was to determine if and what kind of scientific evidence there is for the advice that breast-feeding can reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). The aim was to investigate research on the subject published in the last 15 years. Method A systematic review without meta-analysis with relevant original articles published in the last 15 years. Main results After searching for articles 26 relevant articles were used for this study and two were excluded because of poor quality. Mixed results were shown on breast feeding and the risk of SIDS. Breast-feeding seems to have some protective effect but can’t be separated from known risk factors of SIDS. Plain language summary Breast feeding can be regarded as a preventive measure against SIDS. However socioeconomic factors may play a bigger part than breast feeding alone in the protection against SIDS. Mothers should be given the advice to breast feed as a preventive measure of SIDS. The authors suggest that more research is needed. / ABSTRACT Syfte Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka om och i så fall vilket vetenskapligt stöd det finns för rådet om amning som preventiv åtgärd mot plötslig spädbarnsdöd (sudden infant death syndrome, SIDS). Studien syftar till att undersöka de senaste 15 årens forskning i ämnet. Metod En systematisk litteraturstudie utan meta-analys med relevanta originalartiklar publicerade de senaste 15 åren. Resultat Antalet relevanta artiklar var 26, två artiklar exkluderades på grund av låg kvalitet. Sex kategorier relaterade till amning kunde identifieras. De granskade studierna har visat varierande resultat gällande amningens inverkan på risken för SIDS. Amningen har visats ha skyddande effekter som inte kan särskiljas från kända riskfaktorer för SIDS. Slutsats Amning kan fungera som en preventiv åtgärd mot SIDS. Dock verkar socioekonomiska faktorer ha en större roll än amning enskilt för att ge ett skydd mot SIDS. Rådet om att amning skyddar mot SIDS är adekvat och denna litteraturöversikt kan ge ökad kunskap om olika aspekter av amningens effekter. Författarna menar att det finns ett behov av ökad kunskap inom detta område.

Arbetsplatsen är en arena där det finns goda möjligheter att arbeta hälsofrämjande. Inom äldreomsorgen finns det både utmaningar och möjligheter när det gäller att förändra arbetssituationen och på så vis förbättra de anställdas hälsa. För att underlätta detta arbete kan arbetsplatsen ta hjälp av externa samarbetspartners, till exempel företagshälsovården. Syftet med studien var att ta reda på hur de anställda inom äldreomsorgen i en kommun i södra Sverige uppfattar att samarbetet kring hälsofrämjande insatser mellan deras arbetsplats och företagshälsovården fungerar. Datainsamlingsmetoden som användes i denna studie var enkäter utdelade till alla 345 fast anställda. Svarsfrekvensen blev 49 procent. Resultatet visade att personalen uppfattade samarbete mellan chefen och företagshälsovården som bra men att det var obefintligt mellan dem själva och företagshälsovården. De anställda anser att samarbetet kan utvecklas genom bättre kommunikation och information. Slutsatsen som dras i denna studie är att cheferna bör tydligöra företagshälsovårdens roll i det hälsofrämjande arbetet. Genom välfungerande kommunikation och bra informationsspridning kan samarbetet mellan cheferna, de anställda och företagshälsovården förbättras. / The workplace is an arena where there are good opportunities to work health promotive. In the elderly care, there are both challenges and opportunities when it comes to changing the work situation and thereby improve the employees’ health. To facilitate this work, the workplace can take the help of external partners, such as the occupational health service. The purpose of this study was to find out how the employees of the elderly care in a municipality in southern Sweden perceive the cooperation between their workplace and the occupational health service when it comes to working health promotive. The data collection method used in this study was questionnaires distributed to all 345 of the permanently employed. The response rate was 49 percent. The results showed that the employees perceived that the cooperation between managers and the occupational health service was good, but that it was non-existent between themselves and the occupational health service. The staff has the opinion that the cooperation can be developed through better communication and information. The conclusion of this study is that managers should clarify the occupational health service´s role in the health promotive work. Through effective communication and good methods of spreading information, the cooperation between managers, employees and the occupational health service can be improved.

The aim of this qualitative study was to give an deeper understanding of how employees in the engineering industry experienced health education and how they understood and gave meaning to the terms health and health education. The study was based on interviews with eight men and women who participated in a health education project which had been held on their workplace. When the study took place the interviewees were in the age between 28 and 58 years. The results indicate that the employees understood health as a combination of both physical and psychological factors. The positive aspects described by the interviewees based on their experiences from the project were increase physical activities and that the project had helped them to get a better diet. In some cases the interviews had divided experiences about different parts of the project, but overall the result show that the interviewees were convinced that the project had helped them to improve their health and that the company was likely to benefit from the employees' improved health through reduced absenteeism and higher production.

Riskbruk av alkohol är ett stort problem i dagens samhälle. Sjuksköterskan beskrivs ha goda möjligheter att upptäcka och behandla riskbruk av alkohol i det dagliga arbetet. Studier tyder på att korta interventioner är av stor nytta till sjuksköterskan i sitt hälsofrämjande arbete. Dock visar forskningen att sjuksköterskans aktivitet inom detta område måste utvecklas och att det finns många faktorer som kan påverka uppgiften. Syftet med arbetet var att belysa faktorer som påverkar sjuksköterskans hälsofrämjande arbete gällande individer med ett riskbruk av alkohol. Arbetet utfördes som en litteraturstudie där 13 vetenskapliga artiklar valdes ut, granskades, analyserades samt kodades för att finna påverkande faktorer. De mest återkommande faktorerna som framkom delades in i fyra kategorier. Dessa var sjuksköterskans uppfattning om sin roll, utbildning och kunskap gällande riskbruk av alkohol, organisationens roll och motivationens betydelse samt sjuksköterskans känslor och attityder inför individer med riskbruk av alkohol. Osäkerhet vad det gäller tillvägagångssättet av korta interventioner och dess effektivitet beskrevs av sjuksköterskor i flertalet studier. Rädsla för att utlösa negativa reaktioner hos patienten samt den höga arbetsbelastningen har visat sig vara stora barriärer till utförandet av korta interventioner. Tydliggörandet av sjuksköterskans roll samt mer utbildning inom ämnet behövs för att öka aktiviteten inom området. Vidare forskning bör fokusera på sjukhusmiljö och fler kvalitativa studier behövs för att få en djupare förståelse för svårigheterna att implementera korta interventioner. / Hazardous use of alcohol is a large problem in today’s society. The nurse is described as having good opportunities to detect and treat hazardous use of alcohol in their daily work. Studies show that brief interventions are of great use to the nurse in their health promotion work. However, research shows that the nurses' activity in this area must be improved and that there are many factors that can affect this task. The purpose of this study was to illustrate factors that affect the nurses' health promotion work with regards to individuals with a hazardous use of alcohol. The work was carried out as a literature study where 13 scientific articles were selected, examined, analyzed and coded in order to find important factors. The most recurring factors that arose were divided into four categories. These were the nurses' perception of their role, education and knowledge about hazardous alcohol use, the organization’s role and the importance of motivation and the nurses’ feelings and attitudes towards individuals with hazardous alcohol use. Uncertainty about the approach to use with regards to brief interventions and their efficiency was described by nurses in several studies. Fear of triggering negative reactions in the patient and even the high workload has proved to be large barriers in carrying out brief interventions. Clarification of the nurses' role and more education on the subject is needed in order to increase the activity in the area. Further research should focus on the hospital environment and more qualitative studies are needed in order to get a deeper understanding of the difficulties in implementing brief interventions.

Bakgrund: Hälsofrämjande arbete är en del av distriktssköterskans arbetsuppgifter. För att kunna erbjuda detta till äldre vårdtagare i hemsjukvården behövs ökad kunskap om hur distriktssköterskan utför det hälsofrämjande arbetet i sitt praktiska arbete. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva distriktssköterskans hälsofrämjande arbete med äldre vårdtagare i hemsjukvården. Metod: Kvalitativa intervjuer genomfördes med åtta distriktssköterskor. Materialet analyserades genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Resultatet visade att distriktssköterskans hälsofrämjande arbete har tre delar. Först hälsofrämjande omvårdnad av vårdtagaren, med insatser för att förbättra fysisk, psykisk och social hälsa. Sedan hälsofrämjande ledarskap tillsammans med andra berörda yrkeskategorier och slutligen distriktssköterskans hälsofrämjande synsätt, som att se möjligheter och respektera vårdtagarens vilja. Slutsats: Olikheter gällande riktlinjer för arbetet, kan medföra en fokusering på fysisk hälsa på bekostnad av psykisk och social hälsa. Ett väl fungerande samarbete med andra yrkeskategorier är en förutsättning för distriktssköterskans hälsofrämjande arbete. Distriktssköterskan måste respektera vårdtagarens vilja och se vårdtagarens möjligheter för att arbetet ska uppfattas som hälsofrämjande av vårdtagaren. / Background: Health promotion is one part of the district nurse's duties. In order to offer this to elderly caretakers in home health care, there is need for greater understanding of how the district nurse carry out health promotion in practice. Aim: The purpose of this study was to describe the district nurse's health promotion work with elderly caretakers in home health care. Method: The study was conducted by qualitative interviews with eight district nurses. The material was analyzed by qualitative content analysis. Results: The results showed that the district nurse conducts health promotion work in three areas. First in the health care of the patient with efforts to improve the physical, mental and social health. Second in health promotion leadership together with other relevant professionals. Finally through the district nurses health promotion approach to see the opportunities and respect the caretakers will. Conclusion: Differences existing guidelines for the work may lead to a focus on physical health at the expense of psychological and social health. A well-functioning cooperation with other professionals is a precondition for the district nurse's health promotion. District nurses must respect the caretakers will and see there ability if the work will be perceived as health of the caretaker.

The aim of this study was to investigate how school personnel work with preventive and health promoting efforts to motivate young people to achieve interest in physical activity and nutrition awareness. Further the aim was to describe the possibilities and difficulties that school personnel experience in their work.  The research questions were: How do school personnel describe their health promoting work at school? In a health promotion perspective, what efforts do school personnel think is important when it comes to nutrition and physical activity? What possibilities do school personnel experience with health promoting efforts? What difficulties do school personnel experience with health promoting efforts? The study has a qualitative approach in which seven individual interviews were conducted with personnel at a secondary school. The respondents worked with different aspects which broadened the perspective. One interview was also made with a person who works as a fitness consultant in a non-profit organization. Earlier studies about preventive school interventions and studies about how to achieve increased physical activity and nutrition awareness among children and adolescents were used to interpret the results. The main result shows that the school personnel works according to the World Health Organization’s concept “Health Promoting Schools” to a certain extent and this made a difference in attitudes among students. The result also shows that the most important aspects to succeed with health promoting efforts seem to be self-esteem, co-operation between school and parents, influence and participation of students, group interaction and theoretical and practical knowledge and education. Possibilities and difficulties are described from the factors above but also according to the governing documents that school education is framed by.

Up to now the issue of the safety and healthy is important in this sociality. More and more young people first select the high economical scale, high popularity, high potential and good system company when entering the work place. The primary reason is that those large enterprises provider good salary, good welfare and upgrade overall value by myself. The most important that the large enterprises obtain the TOSHMS certified and have the perfect occupational safety and healthy management system. In 2010 the Council of Labor Affairs has a mission to enhance the quality of its manpower, to create a friendly working environment, to promote harmonious labor relations, to achieve the dignity of labor and labor to constract equality, human, safety, dignity of working life. In recently years the workplace health promotion activity, employee health concepts into the workplace, it is the best choice for creating a friendly workplace. Moreover, if it can improve employee health through the means of achieving the purpose of workplace safety, not only to benefit both employers and employees, the public is in line with national expectations. Therefore, the research led by the research variables of safety leadership, safety climate, workplace health promotion measures, the Occupational Safety and Health performance, through TOSHMS certified institutions for the research to explore adding workplace health promotion measures on occupational safety and health performance is there a better show. So, the research used an A volumn with multiple B volumns way of sending survey questionnaires 140 volumns of A (the occupational safety and healthy performance of the enterprises), 841 volumns of B (the view of employees for safety leadership, safety climate and workplace health promotion measures). After recycled the valid questionnaires were 50 volumns of A, 266 volumns of B and analysis was conducted via Confirmatory Factor Analysis, CFA, Descriptive Statistics, Independent t-test, One-way ANOVA, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), Multiple Linear Regression Analysis and so on. Research results reveal that safety leadership and saety climate in the occupational safety and health performance has significant positive impact and safety climate has mediation affection between safety leadership and the occupational safety and healthy performance. Other, workplace health promotion measures and safety climate in the interaction of occupational health and workplace health promotion measures has moderating affection between safety climate and the occupational safety and healthy performance. The contributions of this research include providing Taiwan enterprises with a reference for development strategy on workplace health promotion measures, and to apply the knowledge to labor-related fields and enterprise practices.

According to a recent report that in Taiwan, more than 50% health problems were due to unhealthy and harmful life styles. Most people, especially at workplace, either live under pressure, work sedentarily, exercise their body little or have a unhealthy diet. The subsequent problems of the overweight, sleeplessness and a declined condition of physical fitness all lead to health problems. A Quasi-experimental design of purposive samples was conducted using 51 participants from employees or faculty members from one school and one hospital. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of health self-management program with nutritional and exercise intervention to improve the participants¡¦ physical and psychological health status. Research measuring tools include a structural questionnaire, SF-36 scale, laboratory examination (blood test), physical fitness test administrated to the participants, and a 12-week follow-up test. After the intervention of health self-management, there were significant differences in sleep pattern and diet behavior. On health belief congnition, perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness, and percieived barriers were increased. On the SF-36 scale, higher scores were attained on mental health dimension. Furthermore, Cholesterol, SGOT, SGPT, B.U.N, Crattinine, Uric acid and blood sugar were significantly decreased. As for body composition, fat mass and waist-hip-ratio were significantly reduced, while for physical fitness, muscular strength endurance and cardiorespiratory endurance were much improved among participants. The results suggest well-designed health self-management activities can reduce unhealthy habit and improve mental and physical health status. Furthermore, it can serve as one important component of health promotion stratigies.