Background: The real estate market has previously been subsidized by the government. The construction has been characterized by standardization and large scale complex. In the current situation there are other conditions on the real estate market, subsidies do not occur at the same degree and the market is more competitive. Customer influence has also changed. Today the customers want to customize their apartment by personal needs and lifestyle. The construction companies are trying to front and satisfy these new customer demands. They do it by offering the customers options regarding the interior and to some extent be involved in the construction process. Problem: What factors are important in terms of offering the optional opportunity to the client for constructions companies' continued long‐term survival? Purpose: To explore and analyze the connection between the construction companies' adaptability and the clients’ choice of company. Method: This essay is based on qualitative and quantitative data in terms of a series of interviews with relevant units of study and a survey of their clients and potential clients. The data has been elected to the theories. This essay has a deductive approach. Theory: Perceived Service Quality (Grönroos. C), Value Creation Logic (Normann. R) Involvement Theory (Chris. F), Service Value Chain (Grönroos. C), Business Idea (Normann. R) and Word Of Mouth (Grönroos. C) Result and conclusion: Customization and options are in relatively a small fraction of the total offer and the client does not choose construction company by their interior options. Other major factors have a greater impact in the clients´ decision. It is important that the construction companies are working with trust‐building strategies and that the total offering possess high quality. 3

Socialstyrelsen gavs, tillsammans med länsstyrelserna, i uppdrag att granska vården i HVB-hemmen. Detta resulterade i två olika rapporter; den ena granskade HVB-hemsvården utifrån ensamplacerade barn och ungdomar och den andra utifrån barn som är placerade tillsammans med sina föräldrar. Syftet med denna uppsats är att utifrån ett av socialstyrelsen granskat HVB-hem belysa och diskutera de områden som socialstyrelsen och länsstyrelserna framställer i sina rapporter. Via kvalitativa intervjuer har följande områden framstått som viktiga i familjebehandling; delaktighet, utbildning, tyst kunskap och personlighet hos medarbetarna. Mest centralt är, enligt personalen, deras egen tysta kunskap i kombination med klienternas delaktighet.

The focus of this study has been to plumb social workers experiences regarding their work methods in two institutions regarding unaccompanied children through a perspective of gender. In this study, four semi-structured qualitative interviews has been contrived in purpose to gather in material which has been presented in five themes to ease an analyse focusing of gender. In all the interviews both authors participated with one in charge and one taking notes. One of the main focuses has been the relations between both social workers and their clients and between colleges in the institutions. The other main focus has been the activities, both planed and spontaneous, which the clients been offered, for example football, bowling and boxing. The idea of analyse this main focuses is based in our knowledge through recent science studies that shows that gender is created both in relations, language and everyday actions.

Syftet med detta examensarbete är att beskriva hur cirka 75 elever i årskurs åtta upplevde S.M.A.R.T-begreppet som en ämnesintegrerad och pedagogisk bas i deras lärandeprocess inom ämnesområdet hållbar utveckling och hållbar livsstil utifrån ett fenomenologiskt perspektiv. Denna kvalitativa studie innehåller insamlad data i form av en ämnesintegrerad undervisning i mellersta Sverige med en fenomenologisk forskningsstrategi och aktionsforskning där hela processen från början till slut har vägts in genom 12 studiemotiverade elevers berättelser om deras upplevelser i öppna, semistrukturerade djupgående gruppintervjuer, samt loggböcker under processens gång. Resultatet av denna studie visar att studiemotiverade elever upplever lärandeprocessen som positiv och att denna metods största fördel var att eleverna redan var med på ämnesområdets bana när de klev in i lektionssalen. Uppstartstiden vid början av varje lektion upplevdes kortare för eleverna. Eleverna upplevde då att de fick mer tid till att fördjupa och befästa sina kunskaper. Slutsatser av detta examensarbete är att elever behöver tid till att införa nya rutiner och arbetsmetoder, så som t.ex. loggböckers funktion och ämnesintegrerad undervisning. Utöver detta upplever elever ämnesintegrerad undervisning som något positivt och en eventuell framtida forskning skulle vara ämnesintegrerad undervisning utifrån olika tidsepoker, ämnesövergripande över alla skolämnen, alternativt en jämförelse kring hur ickestudiemotiverade elever upplever denna typ av undervisningsmetod. Genom tematiska arbetssätt, erfarenhetsträning och systematisk inlärning har eleverna genom detta examensarbete erhållit en holistisk syn på hållbar utveckling. Eleverna visar prov på kunskaper från ett livslångt och livsvitt lärande.

This thesis in social anthropology is based on a field study on the Internet exploring Tibetan identity. With a post-modern approach the thesis explores the possibility fora non-tibetan to create a Tibetan Internet identity and become a part of the Tibetan community that exist on the Internet. / Denna uppsats i socialantropologi är baserad på ett fältarbete av tibetansk identitet på Internet. Med en postmodern ansats på identitetsbegreppet utforskar uppsatsen möjligheten för en icke-tibetan att skapa en tibetansk Internet-identitet och på detta sätt ta del av den tibetanska gemenskap som finns på Internet.

Studiens huvudsyfte är att utforska HVB-personalens känslomässiga påfrestningar i samband med bemötandet av ensamkommande flyktingbarn samt att utforska personalens upplevelser av sin psykosociala arbetsmiljö i relation till interaktion med ungdomarna. Studien är baserad på fenomenologisk ansats, med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer med 10 medarbetare. Resultatet redogör för medarbetarnas upplevelser i samband med bemötandet av ensamkommande flyktingbarn samt medarbetarnas upplevelser av sin psykosociala arbetsmiljö i relation till interaktion med ungdomarna. Enligt resultatet upplevs arbetet med ensamkommande barn som både givande och krävande. Social kompetens upplevs vara den viktigaste kunskapen men även språk- och kulturkompetens betonas. Dessutom lyfts lyhördhet och respekt för andra människor fram som centrala aspekter. Enligt respondenternas utsagor upplevs den psykosociala arbetsmiljön någorlunda stressande. Medarbetarna använder sig av olika copingstategier för att hantera den emotionella påverkan. Studiens slutsats är att arbetet på HVB-hem är psykiskt och emotionellt påfrestande vilket ökar tendensen till psykisk ohälsa. / The purpose of this study was to explore the HVB staff's emotional strain associated with their work. The study is based on a phenomenological approach, using semi-structured interviews of ten employees. According to my results the personnel experienced working with unaccompanied minors as both rewarding and demanding. Social skills are the most important knowledge in this kind of work, but language and cultural competence are also desirable. Sensitivity and respect for other people are highlighted as central issues in this kind of work. The psychosocial environment is perceived as stressful. Workers use various coping strategies to manage their stress. The study concludes that work in the HVB home is mentally and emotionally stressful and strenuous, increasing the risk of mental illness.

The aim of this study was to investigate how staff members at residential homes experience encountering sexuality among the youths. The study was conducted by using qualitative interviews with four staff members at four different residential homes. The interviews have been analyzed by using content analysis and have been looked at through a perspective of experience, as described by Richard Stevens, and by applying developmental psychology. The results show that, although sexuality is experienced as being distinctly present and being a topic of major concern, the staff members have given sex-education as a means by which to raise their own competence little or no thought. One way to interpret this is that sexuality and sex-education haven’t been given a sufficient space in the work with the youths. Several staff members do experience the need of skills development in order to be able to function in the role as significant others when it comes to sexuality among the youths, and express that they would like to receive training in doing so. To a certain degree they experience situations in which they are not entirely certain how to act and which they are not sure how to handle. The result is somewhat in line with what previous research has pointed at, but does not include staff members having severe problems talking about sexuality with the youths. All participants express that they have minor or no problems with talking about sexuality and with encountering sexuality-related aspects in relation to the youths.

The aim of this study has been to achieve an increased understanding of the meaning of home for people in homelessness. The study is based on texts written by people in homelessness and a qualitative content analysis has been used to process the material. The result has been analysed with an inductive approach, using parts of the analysis method grounded theory. Three aspects of the meaning of home was identified in the texts; control, self-determination and independence. The lack of a home means a major limitation concerning these aspects, according to the texts. An interpretation of the material based on the notion of identity shows that a large part of the meaning of home for some people in homelessness is to protect, maintain and defend the identity. This creates a deeper understanding of those cases where housing solutions that doesn´t involve control, self-determination and independence, are not successful. The concept of empowerment is also used in the analysis, since the content of empowerment can be linked with the three aspects of the meaning of home that the result indicates. The study justifies an increased level of empowerment for people in homelessness.

The aim of this study was to gain knowledge about how professionals experience user influence within family-treating residential care. To collect empiricism for this study semi structed interviewes was conducted with eight employees within family-treating residential care. These interviews were later processed through a content analysis, it becomes clear that the participants acknowledged the importance of user influence within its own treatment. Further on, the result has been analysed by the theory called empowerment and previous research within the current subject, ”user influence within family-threating residential care”. However, the result of this study is that the user influence should always exist though in certain circumstances it should be limited.

In this work, we have analysed the temporal dynamics of gut-dwelling bacteria and Borrelia in the gut of the deer tick Ixodes ricinus. Using quantitative PCR, we have shown that levels of the tick intestinal microflora are profoundly decreased at later stages of feeding on whole blood but not on serum. Even though we noted that host complement system manages to interfere with Borrelia viability in vitro, we did not see any effect of host complement on Borrelia acquisition in adult ticks in vivo. However, we revealed that host hemoglobin is essential for Borrelia proliferation in the tick gut. All together, these data imply that, during feeding, levels of gut-dwelling bacteria and Borrelia are determined by the host. While hemoglobin seems to be detrimental for gut-dwelling bacteria, Borrelia require it in order to proliferate. During off-host stage, we showed that levels of gut-dwelling microflora are regulated by an intestinal transmembrane enzyme Dual oxidase. In conclusion, we aimed, and mostly succeeded, to perform pilot experiments describing the biology of a complex process of regulating gut microflora in the vector Ixodes ricinus and extend it by its impact on Borrelia acquisition