The purpose of the research focuses on the development of a strategy for the management of diversity in secondary schools of the North West Province. The nature of diversity is explained from an ontological point of departure as the multiplicity of things with distinctive characteristics and qualities. A structure analysis of diversity emphasises a balanced perspective in which the interdependence and mutual coherence of all aspects of diversity are acknowledged in all spheres of life. An analysis of the different perspectives concerning multicultural education as an approach to deal with diversity leads to the identification of a limited focus on culture related concerns that fail to account for diversity in totality. Culture related concerns are not regarded as an exclusive constituent of a complex phenomenon like diversity and a more inclusive approach of diversity in education is recommended. A mixed methods research design is chosen for this research to provide a purposeful research framework in which quantitative and qualitative methods are combined to meet the demands of a sophisticated research problem. Findings of the research include inter alia the principles of respect and caring that are in relation to the concept of Ubuntu with a focus on humaneness and the affirmation of unity in diversity. Another finding of relevance is that a diversity strategy involves a clear rationale and policy framework for a process consisting of phases, objectives, action steps and persons involved. It is recommended that a diversity strategy must be tailor-made according to situation-specific needs and the unique manifestation of diversity. The contribution of this research is seen as a clarification of the concept of diversity and the development of a generic strategy for the management of diversity. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Education))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

The purpose of the research focuses on the development of a strategy for the management of diversity in secondary schools of the North West Province. The nature of diversity is explained from an ontological point of departure as the multiplicity of things with distinctive characteristics and qualities. A structure analysis of diversity emphasises a balanced perspective in which the interdependence and mutual coherence of all aspects of diversity are acknowledged in all spheres of life. An analysis of the different perspectives concerning multicultural education as an approach to deal with diversity leads to the identification of a limited focus on culture related concerns that fail to account for diversity in totality. Culture related concerns are not regarded as an exclusive constituent of a complex phenomenon like diversity and a more inclusive approach of diversity in education is recommended. A mixed methods research design is chosen for this research to provide a purposeful research framework in which quantitative and qualitative methods are combined to meet the demands of a sophisticated research problem. Findings of the research include inter alia the principles of respect and caring that are in relation to the concept of Ubuntu with a focus on humaneness and the affirmation of unity in diversity. Another finding of relevance is that a diversity strategy involves a clear rationale and policy framework for a process consisting of phases, objectives, action steps and persons involved. It is recommended that a diversity strategy must be tailor-made according to situation-specific needs and the unique manifestation of diversity. The contribution of this research is seen as a clarification of the concept of diversity and the development of a generic strategy for the management of diversity. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Education))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:20:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GekbedeDS.pdf: 1872852 bytes, checksum: b9b86e10655c0476b2efd2d05810e0d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-09-21 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Barra do Camaratuba belongs to Mataraca city, nearby the boarder between Para?ba and Rio Grande do Norte states. It was the chosen community to develop this research, objectifying to study the set of practical of the cultural manifestations and the implications of the local tourist activity, considering the cultural dynamics. We tried to reconstruct stories from the narratives of the oldest inhabitants, natives, among others that they had lived, some how, individual and collective experiences related to the popular tricks and the traditional parties, considering what they speak and imagine about their experiences and its culture. The Lapinha, the Pastoril, the viola s songs, the Balls of Concertina, the Jo?o Redondo, the Ox of Kings, the wheel of Coconut were common practical perceivable through the communitarian bonds. Among these manifestations, the only one that resisted for a longer time was the wheel coconut. The S?o Pedro s fest is another popular manifestation that appears on the current scene like the padroeiro party, while others cultural practical compose the spectacle s scenery. These questions cover many of the narratives of the interviewed ones in the interlaced thing between memory, tourism and tradition. Therefore, we tried to build our research from the memory, participant observation, orality, techniques of the life history, personal depositions, among others basic methods for the reconstruction of a collective memory . Speaking about the past of Barra do Camaratuba is to live again the parties, the blood relations, the ter?o , the work in the ro?ados , in the flour house, the fishing, the leisure and the habits of the daily life. In this community, there is the presence of conflicts of social and cultural order, caused for the hegemonic classes that sponsor the parties. In the padroeiro party we perceive that the mercantile logic has started, very recently, to transform the religious factor into an excuse to put into motion the local economy. This way, a community originated from artisan fishers and agriculturists, having the fishing practical as a way of subsistence and the tricks as a reference, they had started to compose a new social picture with the arrival of the others and with the presumption and recent tourist development. We perceive social, environmental and cultural impact transformations, exemplified by a non planned activity or a predatory tourism. The changes will always be pointed and compared with other passing in a sphere of relations lived by the natives, local players and fishers / Barra do Camaratuba, pertencente ao munic?pio de Mataraca, pr?xima ? divisa da Para?ba com o Rio Grande do Norte, foi a comunidade escolhida para desenvolvermos este trabalho, objetivando estudar o conjunto das pr?ticas das manifesta??es culturais e as implica??es da atividade tur?stica local, considerando a din?mica cultural. Procuramos reconstruir hist?rias a partir das narrativas dos moradores mais antigos , nativos, entre outros que vivenciaram, de alguma forma, experi?ncias individuais e coletivas relacionadas ?s brincadeiras populares e ?s festas tradicionais, levando em considera??o o que falam e imaginam sobre o vivido e sobre sua cultura. A Lapinha, o Pastoril, as Cantorias de Viola, os Bailes de Sanfona, o Jo?o Redondo, o Boi de Reis, o Coco de Roda, eram pr?ticas comuns percept?veis atrav?s dos v?nculos comunit?rios. Dentre essas manifesta??es, a ?nica que resistiu por mais tempo foi o coco de roda. A festa de S?o Pedro ? outra manifesta??o popular que aparece no cen?rio atual como a festa de padroeiro, enquanto outras pr?ticas culturais v?o compondo o cen?rio do espet?culo. Estas quest?es percorrem muitas das narrativas dos entrevistados no entrela?ado entre mem?ria, turismo e tradi??o. Portanto, procuramos construir nosso trabalho a partir da mem?ria, da observa??o participante, da oralidade, das t?cnicas da hist?ria de vida, depoimentos pessoais, entre outros m?todos fundamentais para a reconstru??o de uma mem?ria coletiva . Falar sobre o passado de Barra do Camaratuba ? reviver as festas, as rela??es de parentesco, o ter?o, o trabalho nos ro?ados, na casa de farinha, as pescarias, o lazer e os h?bitos da vida cotidiana. Nessa comunidade h? presen?a de conflitos de ordem social e cultural, causados pelas classes hegem?nicas que patrocinam as festas. Na festa de padroeiro percebemos que a l?gica mercantil come?ou, muito recentemente, a transformar o fator religioso num pretexto para movimentar a economia do local. Dessa forma, uma comunidade originada a partir de pescadores artesanais e agricultores, tendo a pesca como meio de subsist?ncia e as brincadeiras com refer?ncia de divers?o, passaram a compor um novo quadro social com a chegada de outros e com o suposto e recente desenvolvimento tur?stico. Percebemos transforma??es de impactos s?cioambientais e culturais, exemplificados por uma atividade n?o planejada ou um turismo predat?rio. As mudan?as sempre ser?o apontadas e comparadas a outras passadas numa esfera de rela??es vivenciadas pelos nativos, brincantes e pescadores locais

The purpose with this essay is to examine how arts and politics integrate to raise urgent messages and call upon social changes. Performance art as an artistic manifestation against the surveillance society has been studied to clarify this integration and through an empirical examination of the anarchistic performance group The Surveillance Camera Players. This group formed in New York City 1996 as a manifestation against the increased use of surveillance cameras in public places in Manhattan. Through performance in front of these cameras, The Surveillance Camera Players are able to express their protest against the surveillance society which, occurring to them, violates citizens constitutionally right to privacy. The development and signification of the surveillance society are examined through theoretical perspective by foremost Michel Foucault, but also by contemporary scientist in that field. Theories about political art have been studied for the understanding of the work of The Surveillance Camera Players. / Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka hur konst och politik integreras i syfte att föra fram ett budskap och på så sätt försöka påverka till samhällsförändringar. För att tydliggöra detta studeras performancekonst som ett konstnärligt motstånd mot övervakningssamhället och detta exemplifieras genom en empirisk undersökning av den anarkistiska teatergruppen The Surveillance Camera Players, SCP. Denna grupp bildades i New York City 1996, som en manifestation mot det ökande användandet av övervakningskameror på offentliga platser på Manhattan. Genom performance, framför dessa kameror, ger SCP uttryck för sitt motstånd mot övervakningssamhället, som enligt dem, kränker medborgarnas konstitutionella rätt till privatliv. I uppsatsen studeras övervakningssamhällets utveckling och betydelse genom ett teoretiskt perspektiv av framförallt Michel Foucault och även samtida forskare inom området. För förståelsen av The Surveillance Camera Players verksamhet studeras teorier kring politiskt medveten konst.

This thesis proposes to study the Freedom of Expression and Journalistic view with the Brazilian Constitution of 1988 and the hermeneutic foundation for harmonization of fundamental rights in a democratic society. To this end, we conducted a historical review, based on the modern constitutionalism associated with liberal thinking, comparing it to contemporary constitutionalism, for which matter the understanding of rights in its ethical and moral essence. Instead of an abstract entity protection, this is the political individual or the subject of rights, the contemporary constitutionalism aims to establish humanitarian valid parameters for all men regardless of race, color, sex, power, language, political opinion and belief. Sediment was also, according to the main idea of the fundamental right of freedom of expression by the expression of thought. We stand also that in addition to these essentially ethical character of freedom seen as guiding the Constitution of 1988, considering the purpose of social dignity and the set of targeted instruments to ensure a common dignified existence for all, in a society and to develop instrument in the pursuit of democratic, and thus promote equality, freedom and universality of the right given to the fundamental importance. It is necessary to clarify the changes occurred in the means of social communication in line with the fundamental rights whose mainspring freedom of expression and its consequences on the right to information, free expression of thought, corroborated with the ethical, moral and free factors of journalistic opinion symmetry in the Brazilian legal system. As well as argumentative way through the constitutional effectiveness of fundamental rights. Therefore the examination unfolds in the analysis about the autonomy of freedom of expression as a synonym for freedom of the press and see how personality rights are guaranteed due to non-transferability of those rights that are supported with the dignity of the human person. For ultimate and symmetry accusation of breach of fundamental precept 130 that made the press law unconstitutional to have its birth in a totalitarian regime guided by the critical analysis of the interpretation of trial of the Supreme Court, but precisely the incompatibility of higher diploma journalist for professional practice. We hope, in our conclusion, identify the places of legal science in which freedom of expression and journalistic opinion may have more weight. / A presente dissertação propõe estudar a Liberdade de Expressão e Opinião Jornalística com a Constituição Brasileira de 1988, bem como a fundamentação hermenêutica para uma harmonização dos direitos fundamentais numa sociedade democrática. Para tal, realizamos um resgate histórico, partindo do constitucionalismo moderno associado ao pensar liberal, comparando-o ao constitucionalismo contemporâneo, para o qual importa a compreensão dos direitos em sua essência ética e moral. No lugar da proteção de um ente abstrato, seja este o indivíduo político ou o sujeito de direitos, o constitucionalismo contemporâneo visa estabelecer parâmetros humanitários válidos para todos os homens independente de raça, cor, sexo, poder, língua, opinião política e crença. Sedimenta-se, também, na forma da ideia principal do direito fundamental da liberdade de expressão pela manifestação do pensamento. Defendemos também que, além desses caracteres essencialmente éticos da liberdade visto como norteador da Constituição de 1988, considerando o objetivo da dignidade social e o conjunto de instrumentos voltados para garantir uma existência digna comum a todos, em uma sociedade e que desenvolva instrumento na busca da democracia, e assim fomentar a igualdade, a liberdade e a universalidade do direito dado à importância fundamental. É mister esclarecer as mutações ocorridas nos meios da comunicação social alinhada aos direitos fundamentais que tem como mola propulsora a liberdade de expressão e suas consequências no direito à informação, na livre manifestação do pensamento, corroborado com os fatores éticos, morais e livres da opinião jornalística em simetria ao ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Como também de forma argumentativa através da eficácia constitucional dos direitos fundamentais. Por conseguinte o exame se desdobra na análise acerca da autonomia entre a liberdade de expressão como sinônimo da liberdade de imprensa e verificar como os direitos da personalidade são assegurados, devido a intransmissibilidade desses direitos que são respaldados com a dignidade da pessoa humana. Por derradeiro e em simetria com a Arguição de Descumprimento de Preceito Fundamental 130 que tornou a lei de imprensa inconstitucional por ter seu nascedouro num regime totalitário pautando-se pela análise crítica da interpretação de julgados do Supremo Tribunal Federal, mas, precisamente a incompatibilidade do diploma superior de jornalista para o exercício profissional. Esperamos, em nossa conclusão, identificar os lugares da ciência jurídica nos quais a liberdade de expressão e a opinião jornalística possa ter mais peso.

A presente dissertação tem como objeto de estudo o programa de parceria público-privada para a construção de moradia popular no centro da cidade de São Paulo. Promovido pelo Governo do Estado de São Paulo, o projeto foi escolhido como estudo de caso para discutir a utilização do instrumento jurídico-contratual de parceria público-privada, regido pela lei federal nº 11.079 de 2004 na construção de moradia popular no Estado de São Paulo. De modo específico, pretendeu-se entender como foram feitos os estudos pelas instituições privadas no processo da Manifestação de Interesse Privado (MIP) que resultaram no edital de licitação lançado de 2012. A coleta de informação foi feita a partir de entrevista com os principais atores envolvidos no projeto, desde funcionários do Governo do Estado, consultores privados e funcionários de empresas do setor de construção civil. Como suporte às entrevistas, utilizou-se documentos disponibilizados pela Secretaria de Habitação. Previsto na legislação brasileira desde 1995, o instrumento que permite que instituições privadas ofereçam projetos de parceria entre o setor público e o privado passa a ser mais amplamente utilizado a partir de 2004, com a aprovação da lei federal das PPPs. Partindo de uma análise da própria estrutura administrativa do Governo do Estado de São Paulo, o presente estudo se propôs a entender como as parcerias público-privadas estão sendo utilizadas no setor de habitação social. / The aim of this dissertation is to study the Public-Private Partnership Program for the construction of popular housing in the city of São Paulo. Promoted by the São Paulo Government State, the project was chosen as a case study to discuss the use of the contractual instrument of public-private partnership, governed by federal law 11.079 of 2004 in the construction of popular housing in the State of São Paulo. Specifically, it intends to understand how the studies were done by the private institutions in the process of the Private Interest Manifestation (MIP) that resulted in the auction notice issued of 2012. The data collection was made from interviews with the stakeholders involved in the project, from State Government employees, private consultants and employees of construction companies. To support the interviews, documents made available by the Housing Secretariat of São Paulo State were analyzed. Under Brazilian law since 1995, the instrument that allows private institutions to offer public-private partnership to the government became more widely used in 2004, with the approval of the federal PPP law. Based on an analysis of the administrative structure of the São Paulo Government State, the present study aims to understand how public-private partnerships are used in the social housing sector.

Le véritable enseignement de la présente étude réside en ce que, comme déjà évoqué, le poids de l’appareil judiciaire finit par acquérir plus de consistance que le crime lui-même. A « l’aventure criminelle », c’est-à-dire celle, tragique, des faits à réprimer, se substitue « l’aventure judiciaire », celle de la marche de la justice en vue de parvenir au jugement des faits. Qu’il s’agisse du procès pénal français ou anglo-saxon, l’étude démontre que les règles applicables sont d’une telle complexité qu’elles génèrent une logique judiciaire spécifique et presque détachée des faits à traiter. Les praticiens sont souvent surpris du contraste entre les faits à juger, dont les mobiles et les circonstances sont toujours simples, et la solution judiciaire plus et/ou trop élaborée.L’étude démontre encore le caractère immuable et presque immobile de la justice pénale. Qu’il s’agisse de la France ou des pays anglo-saxons, les fondamentaux des deux systèmes judiciaires en concurrence –procédure inquisitoire ou procédure accusatoire- sont les mêmes depuis le Moyen Âge. Certes, des réformes interviennent, le poids du contradictoire s’accroit, les procédures de recours sont organisées, etc. Mais il s’agit toujours en France de faire faire une enquête approfondie avant procès par un organe d’état et, dans les pays anglo-saxons, de voir s’affronter deux thèses avec un avantage pratique à l’accusation.C’est que, comme le démontre aussi l’étude, la philosophie sociale de chacun des deux mondes français et anglo-saxon est différente sur le statut du suspect : objet d’une recherche de la vérité en France et presque coupable chez les Anglo-Saxons.Cette philosophie sociale en recoupe une autre : la philosophie politique. En France, l’individu est assisté car l’Etat est plus grand que lui ; dans les pays anglo-saxons, l’individu est un homme libre et seul responsable de son destin. Dès lors, en France, l’Etat veut forger sa propre opinion sur des faits délictueux ; dans les pays anglo-saxons, l’affrontement des individus (parquetiers et défenseurs) prime le reste. De plus, dans ces pays, la liberté et l’indépendance reconnues à l’individu le rendent davantage responsable de ses faits et gestes, d’où l’importance démesurée accordée à l’aveu. Pour autant, cette philosophie politique d’un citoyen libre et fort est un extraordinaire levier pour l’Histoire de la Liberté et celle aussi de l’Expansion économique. Sans elle, les pays européens du continent n’auraient sans doute pas pu se soustraire à la botte de conquérants. Sans elle, les Etats-Unis ne seraient pas une locomotive du développement.Il ne faudrait pas croire non plus que le monde anglo-saxon n’a fait que peu d’apports positifs au procès pénal. C’est à la loi britannique sur l’Habeas corpus de 1679 que l’on doit l’idée d’un délai raisonnable pour être jugé et, à défaut, le droit à être remis en liberté. C’est encore aux Britanniques que l’on doit l’idée de droits de la défense recensés en tant que tels, d’abord dans certains articles de la Magna Carta de 1212 puis dans le Bill of Rights de 1689. C’est aux Américains que l’on doit l’idée de sacraliser les droits de la défense en leur donnant un contenu constitutionnel par les amendements à la Constitution de 1787, ajoutés à partir de 1789, une idée qui sera reprise bien plus tard dans la Convention Européenne des Droits de l’Homme et des libertés fondamentales.L’étude montre donc que les pays anglo-saxons réputés pragmatiques ont plutôt fait des contributions de principe, sans mesurer que les applications pratiques qu’ils en tirent dénaturent le procès pénal. L’étude montre aussi que la France, réputée pour ses approches dogmatiques et rationnelles mais d’une raison déconnectée des réalités, a une vision bien plus juste du procès pénal.L’étude a enfin montré que, dans le domaine de la justice pénale, les mondes français et anglo-saxons s’ignorent. / This study shows that the criminal process finally acquires more consistency than the crime itself. The “criminal adventure”, namely the tragical story of the crime itself, turns into “the judicial adventure”, namely the path of justice towards the final decision (conviction or dismissal). Whether it deals with the French or with the Anglo-Saxon models, the legal rules are so complicated that they create a judicial logic which is specific and clipped from the facts of the case. In comparison, the motives and the circumstances of a crime are always simple. Accordingly, the judicial issue appears to be more (and often too much) elaborated than the crime itself.The study also shows the unchanging character of the criminal justice. Whether it is in France or in the Anglo-Saxon countries, the fundamentals of the two justices which are concurrent – inquisitorial model and adversary one- are the same that in the Middle Age. Of course, some reforms happened. The importance of the rule of the contradictory increases, etc. However, the main concern of the French justice still deals with a pretrial investigation which is very thoroughly conducted by a state agency. The Anglo-Saxon model always lies in the confrontation of two thesis with a practical advantage given to the prosecution. These different approaches by the two justices are attributable to a different social philosophy. The status of the suspected person greatly differs whether he is prosecuted in France or in the Anglo-Saxon countries: in France, this status is a matter of the search for the truth; in the Anglo-Saxon countries, this status is in practice that of an almost guilty one, even if his guilt must be proved beyond a reasonable doubt.This social and/or ethic philosophy recuts another one: the political philosophy. In France, the individual is assisted since the State is deemed to be “stronger” than him; in the Anglo-Saxon countries, the individual is a free man; accordingly, he is solely responsible for his acts. Therefore, in France, the State wants to fix up its own opinion about the crime; in the Anglo-Saxon countries, the confrontation of the prosecution and the lawyer outdoes all the rest, in particular the truth. Moreover, in these countries, according to the freedom and the independence of the individual, an undue importance is given to confessions.However, the Anglo-Saxon political philosophy is an extraordinary lever for the history and the liberty and also for the economic expansion. Without it, the continental countries would not have been able to be freed from the conquerors of the two world wars and the cold war. Without it, the US would not be a forefront of the progress.We do not consider that the Anglo-Saxon world made few positive contributions to the criminal proceedings. Indeed, this is the famous English Habeas Corpus Act of 1679 which created the idea of a reasonable time to be tried in court and, if not, to be released from prison. From the English comes the idea of an explicit list of rights of the defence, in particular in some articles in the Magna Carta of 1212 and then officially included in the Bill of Rights of 1689. From the Americans comes the idea of making the rights of defence sacred through the amendments of the constitution. We remember that this idea arrived late in Europe with the ECHR.Therefore, the study shows that the Anglo-Saxons countries which benefit from a reputation of pragmatism have rather acted as theoreticians of criminal law. They have provided the world of criminal justice mainly with contributions close to symbols. They have underestimated the consequences of these symbols in the practice of the criminal proceedings. The study shows also that the French, who are often known for their dogmatic approach of problems, have a better understanding of the criminal proceedings.The study shows especially that the Anglo-Saxon world of criminal justice and the French one totally ignore each other.

Svobodová, M.: Jewellery and its place in Art Education at elementary school/ graduation thesis / Prague 2011 / Charles University in Prague, faculty of Education - department of Art Education, p. 103 The theoretical background of this diploma thesis describes a brief history and development of the jewellery from the prehistoric times to the present days. It focuses mainly on the new history of production and jewellery design and tries to watch up the origin of author's jewel, mainly the trend of the non-traditional materials creation. In today's production, it presents a few alternative Czech designers and their work. Two creative successions that were realized with elementary school children are presented in didactical part. The last, creative section of the thesis presents author's own piece of work.

El presente informe versa el expediente civil N° 03196-2011-0-0401-JR-CI-01, proceso iniciado por Héctor Orestes Rondón Rivas, quien interpone demanda contra Belia Perfecta Guillen, Asociación de Vivienda las Buganvillas de Arequipa y Centro de Conciliación para la Paz Social, con la finalidad de declarar la Nulidad del Acto Jurídico del acuerdo conciliatorio contenido en el Acta de Conciliación N° 1540-2011, mediante el cual la Sra. Belia se inscribió como asociada en la ficha de Padrón del Centro de Conciliación. Las causales de nulidad planteadas fueron: falta de manifestación de voluntad (al transmitirse su derecho de asociado sin su consentimiento) y nulidad virtual (vulneración a la Ley Electoral y Ley N° 26872). Por otro lado, la demandada planteó como respuesta, que el acto jurídico contenido en el acta conciliatoria tenía como finalidad regularizar sus derechos como propietaria, reputando la validez del acto, siendo este ejercido en amparo de una anterior sentencia expedida por el Juzgado de Familia, la cual disolvió el vínculo matrimonial con el demandante y se dispuso el 50.00% para cada cónyuge del único inmueble que pertenecía a la sociedad de gananciales. Al respecto, el juzgado de primera instancia declaró infundada la demanda considerando que el inmueble adquirido se produjo durante la vigencia del vínculo matrimonial entre las partes, no presentándose causal de nulidad invocada; decisión respecto del cual se interpuso recurso de apelación señalando falta de motivación, apelación que ha sido concedida y elevado al Superior Jerárquico, quienes revocaron la sentencia de primer grado y declararon fundada la demanda. / This report deals with a civil proceeding N° 03196-2011-0-0401-JR-CI-01, where Héctor Orestes Rondón Rivas files a lawsuit against Belia Perfecta Guillen, Las Buganvillas de Arequipa Housing Association and Conciliation Center for Social Peace, in order to declare the Nullity of the Legal Act of the conciliation agreement contained in the Conciliation Act No. 1540-2011, through which Mrs. Belia registered as an associate in the Register of the Conciliation Center. The grounds for nullity raised were due to a lack of expression of will (when his right to associate was transferred without his consent) and virtual nullity (violation of the Electoral Law and Law No. 26872). On the other hand, the defendant raised in response, that the legal act contained in the conciliation act was intended to regularize her rights as owner, presuming the validity of the act, being this exercised under a previous ruling issued by the Family Court, which dissolved the marriage bond with the plaintiff and 50.00% was provided for each spouse of the only property that belonged to the marriage. In this regard, the court of first instance declared the claim unfounded, considering that the property acquired was produced during the validity of the marriage bond between the parties, with no grounds for nullity invoked; decision regarding which an appeal was filed indicating lack of motivation, an appeal that has been granted and raised to the Hierarchical Superior, who revoked the first degree sentence and declared the claim founded. / Trabajo de suficiencia profesional

[pt] A presente dissertação tem como objeto o estudo do silêncio previsto no artigo 111 do Código Civil de 2002, isto é, o silêncio enquanto comportamento apto a qualificar manifestação de vontade para o negócio jurídico, segundo seus pressupostos legais. Diz o referido artigo que [o] silêncio importa anuência, quando as circunstâncias ou os usos o autorizarem, e não for necessária a declaração de vontade expressa. Sendo assim, este trabalho, limitado ao âmbito do Direito Civil brasileiro, procura estabelecer, com clareza, quais são os pressupostos de aplicação do silêncio enquanto instituto jurídico, à luz da norma que orienta a sua interpretação no caso concreto. O trabalho parte da análise de dois julgados do Superior Tribunal de Justiça, que mencionam o artigo 111 do Código Civil de 2002, sem, contudo, observar os aspectos fundamentais do instituto. Em seguida, o texto se volta para a investigação dos significados dos silêncios mencionados nos Códigos Civis de 1916 e 2002, procurando discernir o seu conteúdo normativo, passando, ato contínuo, para a análise da importante obra desenvolvida por Miguel Maria de Serpa Lopes, jurista brasileiro que mais aprofundou os estudos sobre o silêncio no Direito Civil, em 1937. Na sequência, o texto procura estabelecer dogmaticamente as premissas sobre as quais opera a manifestação de vontade por meio do silêncio, para qualificá-lo, estabelecendo seu melhor termo e sugerindo identidade própria para sua forma. Após, portanto, definir o que é o silêncio previsto no artigo 111 do Código Civil de 2002, este trabalho se propõe a estabelecer o que ele não é, ou seja, cuida de discernir o silêncio de outros institutos comportamentais (i.e. reserva mental, boa-fé objetiva, nemo potest venire contra factum proprium, suppressio e abuso do direito), ocasião em que são citadas diversas decisões judiciais para ilustrar como os tribunais confundem o silêncio previsto no artigo 111 do Código Civil com outras figuras de Direito Civil. Por fim, esta dissertação esclarece o conteúdo dos pressupostos necessários à qualificação do silêncio enquanto comportamento apto a manifestar vontade, para que o intérprete possa, mediante os corretos instrumentos, valer-se da norma específica com tanta história, notadamente relevante para os negócios jurídicos. / [en] The objective of this master thesis is to analyze the meaning of the party s silence under the article 111 of the Brazilian Civil Code of 2002; i.e., silence as a behavior capable of qualifying an expression of a party s will for a legal transaction, considering the legal requirements applicable thereto. The aforementioned article states that [t]he silence implies consent, when circumstances or habits and customs authorize it, and an express declaration of will is not necessary. Therefore, this work, limited to the scope of Brazilian Civil Code, seeks to clearly establish what are the assumptions for the application of silence as a legal institute, according to the legal norm that guides its interpretation in the specific case. The thesis departs from the analysis of two cases ruled by the Superior Court of Justice, in which article 111 of the Civil Code of 2002, was mentioned without observing its essential aspects. Following that, the thesis investigates the meanings of the silence element provided for in the Civil Codes of 1916 and 2002, discerning its normative content. Then, it reviews the literature of Miguel Maria de Serpa Lopes, a brazilian jurist who has developed the most complete study on meaning of silence in Civil Law, in 1937. Subsequently, the text seeks to dogmatically establish the premises to qualify the expression of will through silence, establishing its best terms and suggesting its own identity for its form. After defining the true meaning of silence provided for in article 111 of the Civil Code of 2002, this work proposes to distinguish the silence from other behavioral doctrines (i.e. mental reserve, good faith, nemo potest venire contra factum proprium, suppressio and abuse of law). In this context, several court decisions are mentioned to illustrate how the courts confuse the silence doctrine set forth in article 111 of the Civil Code with other figures of Civil Law. Finally, this dissertation clarifies the content of the assumptions necessary for the qualification of silence as a behavior capable of expressing will, to make the specific norm useful in practice.