Denna studie syftar till att öka kunskapen om förskollärares uppfattningar av arbetet med barns digitala skapande, samt att synliggöra på vilka sätt och i vilket syfte digitala verktyg används i estetiskt skapande. Mot bakgrund av detta syftar studien på att besvara följande frågeställning: Hur uppfattar förskollärare arbetet med barns digitala skapande? På vilket sätt används digitala verktyg i det estetiska skapandet på förskolan? I vilket syfte används digitala verktyg i barns estetiska skapande? För att kunna svara till studiens syfte och frågeställning används den fenomenografiska metodansatsen både som metod och som teori, i syfte att synliggöra förskollärares uppfattningar av studiens fenomen. I studien genomfördes sex intervjuer med förskollärare som har erfarenhet av att arbeta med barns digitala skapande. I resultatet framkommer tre stycken olika utfallsrum: Att uttrycka och vidga upplevelserna, digitala verktyg som undervisningsmedel och innehåll samt ett pedagogiskt verktyg bland andra verktyg. I dessa tre utfallsrum förekommer även beskrivningskategorier. Utfallsrummen och beskrivningskategorierna syftar till att synliggöra respondenternas olika uppfattningar om studiens fenomen. Resultatet visar att digitala verktyg ger barn fler estetiska uttrycksmöjligheter och upplevelser. Dessa kan återupplevas och återbesökas med hjälp av dokumentation. Digitala verktyg betraktas både som ett undervisningsmedel och ett innehåll som genom undervisning kan bidra till ökad digital kompetens. Slutligen presenteras det i resultatet att förskollärare uppfattar digitala verktyg som ett pedagogiskt verktyg bland andra verktyg i barns skapande. Detta verktyg uppfattas som ett komplement till analogt skapande och har vissa begränsningar. / This study aims to improve preschool teachers’ understanding of the work with children’s digital creations as well as to increase visibility on what and how digital tools are used in art. With this background, this study aims to answer the following questions: how do preschool teachers perceive children's digital creations? What ways are digital tools used in preschools' aesthetic creations? For what purpose are digital tools used in children's aesthetic creations? To answer the study's questions the phenomenographic method approach was used both as a method and as a theory, to understand preschool teachers' perceptions of the study phenomenon. The study conducted six interviews with preschool teachers experienced with working with children's digital creations. The result shows three different outcomes: to express and broaden the experiences, digital tools are used as teaching aids and supplementary content, and function as a pedagogical tool among other tools. In these three outcome rooms, there are also descriptive categories. The outcome rooms and descriptive categories aim to highlight the respondents' different perceptions of the study's phenomenon. The result shows that digital tools give children more visual possibilities of expression and experiences and can be re-experienced and revisited with the help of documentation. Digital tools are considered to function both as a teaching aid and as supplementary content that can contribute to increased digital competence with the children. In conclusion, the results show that preschool teachers perceive digital tools as a pedagogical tool among other necessary tools in a child’s creative process. The digital tool is perceived as a complement to non-digital creation but this pedagogical tool has certain limitations.

Swedish pupils are exposed to English outside school to a large extent today, which makes English Foreign Language (EFL) teaching challenging in several ways. The topic for this study arouse when some pupils expressed that working with text and workbooks or digital teaching materials tended to be boring or lacking challenges. Pupils meet English in various environments and in order to be able to communicate they need to have a language, not just knowing about a language. The Swedish curriculum emphasizes the importance of pupils being presented to teaching aids which can provide them with a rich and dynamic language, as well as authentic content in order to reflect on and enhance their own use of language. Previous research showed that working with authentic materials and authentic recipients may provide pupils with learning situations that promote communication and motivation to enhance pupil’s English knowledge. In order to explore Swedish EFL teachers’ perceptions on working with authentic recipients in grades 4-6, a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews were conducted. Results from the questionnaire and interviews show that Swedish EFL teachers include activities with authentic recipients to some extent, but there seem to be a discrepancy between how often they do it and to what extent they wish to do it. The results also show that there is a discrepancy between what kind of activities teachers perform and what kind of activities they would like to perform. The results of teachers’ beliefs in this study may contribute to further research on possibilities to facilitate the use of authentic recipients in EFLteaching, if preferred.

The evolving technologies used for communication has made an impact in the educational system as digital tools are becoming more common. With the digital tools of today, it is possible to create multimodal texts in which different language expressions are combined. The new possibilities for presenting content creates higher demands on today's learners as they are faced with challenges both as receivers, and users of language. This study aims to examine teachers experiences and perspectives regarding the planning of multimodal writing tasks, with use of digital tools. The study also sets out to explore how teachers perceive the use of multiple modes in such tasks, and how the growing technologies may affect their teaching of English in year 4-9. The results shows that the planning of multimodal writing tasks commonly includes images, the use of digital tools and oral presentations. In the described projects, the multiple modes were used either as a support for the writing production or seen as an equal part of the assignment. Furthermore, all participating teachers agreed on that multimodal writing tasks can be beneficial for students communicative skills, and in creating students motivation. However, the results also shows teachers challenges when conducting multimodal writing tasks, as in support for learning new digital tools, the connections to the syllabus and possible difficulties regarding students IT knowledge. The results imply that much of the competence needed to successfully conduct multimodal writing tasks, comes from the teachers own ambition to learn and administrate such tasks.

This study ́ s main purpose is to examine how digital tools can help students with dyslexia in science education. The two questions this study aims to answer are: (I) During what elements of science education do the students feel that they need digital tools? (II) What opportunities and obstacles do students see with digital tools in the science education? This survey used a qualitative method, where students diagnosed with dyslexia were observed and interviewed during a normal school week. The data was analyzed using socio-cultural theories on speaking, learning and writing. The results from the interviews showed that the majority of the students felt the need for digital tools in science education when they were doing independent work or group assignments like laboratory work. The students find obstacles like social media small in comparison to what they learn from using the digital tools. All of the students see the digital tools as motivational tools. For further studies, it would be interesting to measure students' results before and after using digital tools for a period in science class including control groups with dyslexic students and non dyslexic students who did not have access to digital tools, to see if there is any difference between their results. Another aspect that would be relevant, is to test and evaluate what apps are available in science education for students with dyslexia, to work on concepts. These results could then be shared with other schools science educators.

El presente estudio de investigación es para identificar qué canales de compra son los más utilizados por las mujeres que adquieren productos de Belleza y Cuidado Personal a través de catálogos en Lima Metropolitana. Se utilizó el tipo de investigación de alcance descriptivo con un enfoque mixto, con el objetivo de identificar los canales de compra que utilizan las mujeres y cuál es el de mayor relevancia y frecuencia. Asimismo, el tipo de diseño utilizado es No Experimental, Transeccional que ayudará con la recolección de información a la investigación. En el enfoque cualitativo, se desarrolló dos tipos de entrevistas en profundidad. La primera entrevista se aplicó a expertos en la venta de catálogos de belleza y que cuentan con consultoras a su cargo; nos ayudarán a comprender su opinión y su perspectiva sobre el tema estudiado y el mercado actual. La segunda entrevista en profundidad se aplicó a consultoras de belleza para conocer el modelo de venta y su influencia sobre las herramientas digitales. Con los resultados de los dos tipos de entrevistas se logró elaborar el cuestionario para el enfoque cuantitativo, con la información procesada se realizó un análisis descriptivo, de fiabilidad y factorial. Por lo tanto, se concluye que para las mujeres de 20 a 59 años que adquieren productos de Belleza y Cuidado personal a través de catálogos en Lima Metropolitana, el canal más utilizado es mediante una consultora de belleza; empleando las herramientas digitales como un refuerzo en el proceso de compra. / This research study is to identify which purchase channels are the most used by women who purchase Beauty and Personal Care products through catalogs in Metropolitan Lima. The type of descriptive research was used with a mixed approach, with the aim of identifying the shopping channels used by women and which one is the most relevant and frequent. Also, the type of design used is Non-Experimental, Transectional that will help with the collection of research information. In the qualitative approach, two types of in-depth interviews were developed. The first interview was applied to experts in the sale of beauty catalogs and who have consultants in their charge; They will help us understand your opinion and your perspective on the subject studied and the current market. The second in-depth interview was applied to beauty consultants to learn about the sales model and its influence on digital tools. With the results of the two types of interviews, the questionnaire for the quantitative approach was prepared, with the information processed a descriptive, reliability and factor analysis was performed. Therefore, it is concluded that for women aged 20 to 59 who purchase Beauty and Personal Care products through catalogs in Metropolitan Lima, the most used channel is through a beauty consultant; using digital tools as a reinforcement in the purchase process. / Tesis

Med pågående energikris och föränderliga kontorsbehov efter pandemin är det av största vikt för fastighetsägare att engagera sig i energifrågan för att främja både hållbar utveckling och ekonomiskt ansvar. Studien genomförs för att kartlägga vilka strategier och verktyg som kan påverka samarbetet mellan fastighetsägare och hyresgäster till ökad energieffektivisering. I studien undersöks olika drivkrafter till varför fastighetsägare arbetar med energieffektivisering, med vilka strategier och verktyg, och vad det finns för utvecklingsmöjligheter till ett ökat samarbete för att minska energiförbrukningen. För att besvara syftet med studien har en kvalitativ intervjustudie, samt en kompletterande litteraturstudie genomförts. Baserat på studiens resultat har ett flertal drivkrafter till att energieffektivisera fastigheter identifierats, som fler klimatmål, högre kostnader till följd av pandemi och energikris, samt ett ökat engagemang. För ett effektivare energiarbete behövs både digitala verktyg och en kontinuerlig dialog där kommunikativa verktyg krävs för att skapa ett bra samarbete mellan parterna. Återkopplingen av förbrukningsdata måste vara anpassad efter hyresgästen för att se en förändring av beteendet och uppnå ytterligare energibesparingar. Fastighetsägarna ansvarar för att utbilda, rådgiva och välja ut den data som hyresgästen har möjlighet att påverka genom beteendeförändringar. Insamling av data, återkoppling via digitala verktyg och kontinuerliga dialoger av energiförbrukningen är alla delar som behövs för att skapa ett bra samarbete kring energieffektivisering. Dock för att ändra hyresgästens beteende krävs det att hyresgästen förstår informationen, kan ta till sig den och påverka den för att någon skillnad i energianvändningen ska ske. Energikrisen har bidragit med ett ökat engagemang från hyresgästernas sida, men det finns behov av fastighetskunskap för att möjliggöra ett ökat samarbete. / Given the ongoing energy crisis and changing office rental needs due to the pandemic, it is crucial for propertyowners to be committed to issues regarding energy consumption to promote sustainable development and financial responsibility. This study aims to explore the strategies and tools that can be used to influence the collaboration between property owners and tenants to enhance energy efficiency. The study examines the different reasons why propertyowners engage in energy consumption issues, which strategies, tools, and potential areas of development to foster increased collaboration to reduce energy consumption. To address the research objectives, a qualitative interview study and a supplementary literature review were conducted. Based on the results of the study, several drivers for energy efficiency have been identified, such as increased climate goals, higher costs due to the pandemic and the energy crisis, as well as increased engagement. For more effective energy management, the need of digital tools and continuous dialogues are necessary, requiring communicative tools to establish a strong partnership between the parties involved. Feedback on consumption data must be tailored to the tenant to induce behavioral changes and achieve further energy savings. Property owners are responsible for educating, advising, and selecting data that tenants can affect through behavioral changes. Data collection, feedback through digital tools, and continuous dialogues on energy consumption are all components needed to create effective collaboration around energy efficiency. However, to change the tenant's behavior, it is necessary for the tenant to understand the information, absorb it, and be able to influence it for any difference in energy usage to occur. The energy crisis has led to increased tenant engagement, although there is a need for property expertise to facilitate enhanced collaboration.

This study aims to examine why and how preschool teachers work with digital teaching in Sweden. To understand the purpose of digital teaching in preschool we have studied policy texts with the WPR approach, as well as making a survey consisting of 24 preschool teachers from different parts of the country. The survey was analyzed from the perspective of sociocultural theory to understand preschool teachers’ view on digital teaching and the  practical use of digital tools in preschool. Our survey along with previous research shows reluctance to using digital tools in teaching due to lack of digital competence. By comparing the results of the survey with the WPR-analysis we were able to see how policies control educational content in preschool in the context of digitalization and reveal the necessity of studying risks of negative effects on children's health. The result of our study along with previous research shows lack of studies and knowledge regarding the use of digital tools in early childhood. Despite a lack of research, the Swedish government  implemented policies to apply digital teaching in preschool.

This systematic literature study aimed to examine what previous research showed in regard to digital reading effects on primary school students' motivation. The world is rapidly changing and becoming more and more digitally influenced. The primary school environment is definitely not an exception from this. Digital tools are being used more often in the classrooms and the Swedish national tests are being digitally implemented 2024. Therefore, it was highly relevant to find out what motivates children to read digital texts and books. To find out what the research showed, the following research questions were chosen: In what ways does digital reading contribute to students' reading motivation and are there groups that are more motivated than others? The results of the study disclosed that ebooks offered a wide variety of books which provided students with more options, which then led to increased motivation. It also showed that being able to integrate with the text and being amused by its features were factors that motivated the students to read. Those who were most significantly motivated were the students that previously had problems with concentration and reading difficulties. Girls were also slightly more motivated to read in comparison to boys.

The purpose of this study was to create an understanding of the importance of digital tools in B2B (Business-to-Business) operations and how the new digital world has changed the attitude of all actors toward digital customer relations. The study is based on theories in relationship marketing, communication, digital tools, and direct and digital marketing.  The study had a qualitative research approach with a deductive approach. The empirical findings were collected using semi-structured interviews, which were analyzed using a thematic analysis method. The result showed that all respondents work actively to maintain loyal customer relationships. Through the respondents' answers regarding different strategies, a revised conceptual model has been created that explains how different activities contribute to a successful customer relationship digitally. However, different strategies are used to achieve a positive customer experience. Overall, the results showed that traditional marketing strategies and digital tools are crucial for successful digital customer relationships. Different industries have different perceptions of digital customer relations. It is important to adapt to the new digital world in order to maintain and create loyal customer relationships.

Wind energy is an appropriate solution to reduce carbon emissions and climate change. The expansion of wind energy developments in Sweden in recent years has created substantial opposition which makes wind energy tougher to develop. The landscape and visual constraints associated with wind energy developments has become the critical reason for local opposition and protest. Planning information relating to the visual and landscape impacts of a proposed wind energy development are often brought forward through a landscape analysis. Digital tools are used in a landscape analysis to identify the proposed visual effects associated with a development. These tools provide visual aid of the proposed development through 2-dimentional and 3-dimentional images, identify constraint areas on a map as outlined in the respective development plans and identifies where visibility is likely to occur. This thesis uses a quantitative assessment by the example of a potential wind farm in Sundsvall Municipality in Sweden and theoretical research on landscape connotation. The motivation of this thesis is to outline the opportunities and limitations associated with the digital tools used to conduct a landscape analysis, promote a standardised approach to practice and implement suggestions to improve digital tools to allow for more public participation and to limit opposition towards wind farm developments. The results of this thesis suggest that the social issues and visual perceptions of turbines can be reduced through the inclusion of digital tools, but radical changes are needed within the planning process to recognise the benefits of digital tools and provide a standardised framework.