Cette thèse de doctorat traite du monnayage et de l’histoire des Éléens entre les années 360 a.C. (guerre avec les Arcadiens) et le règne de Septime Sévère (193-211 p.C.). Le monnayage des Eléens est présenté sous la forme d’un catalogue des émissions monétaires. Il est suivi d’une discussion sur l’apport des trésors et des monnaies de fouilles, puis d’une analyse des caractéristiques de l’atelier monétaire éléen. Cette histoire monétaire sert de fil conducteur à la seconde partie, qui traite successivement de la constitution tardive de l’identité et de la cité des Eléens, des événements historiques, et qui s’achève par un portrait de la vie économique de cette région excentrée du Péloponnèse. / The ancient Peloponnesian city of Elis issued a coinage between the half of the fourth century BC and the Roman Era. The first part of this PhD is a corpus of the 2508 coins I know. Then, we can have a look at the hoards and the excavations’ coins, and we can discuss about the monetary production and the characteristics of the Elean monetary workshop. The second part presents the formation of the city and the identity of the Eleans during the Hellenistic period,the history of the Eleans and, to finish, some remarks about the economic activities.

Kann die Austragung Olympischer Spiele 2012 in Leipzig die Abwanderungsquote sächsischer Jugendlicher in die Altbundesländer beeinflussen? Um diese Frage zu beantworten werden in dieser Arbeit die Situation sächsischer Jugendlicher, der Wirtschaft und des Sport in Bezug zu möglichen Folgen Olympischer Spiele gesetzt. In einer empirischen Studie konnte mittels qualiativer Interviews bestätigt werden, dass die Wanderungsquote durch Olympische Spiele sinken kann.

The study of early Greek sacrificial rituals is an under-researched field, as previous scholarship has focused in Late Archaic and Classical Greece to understand and reconstruct Greek sacrifice. This thesis is an attempt to complement our knowledge of early Greek sacrificial practices, which are defined here as thysia, holocaust and moirocaust, focusing in the 8th and 7th century Peloponnese. To achieve this goal, all available archaeological and zooarchaeological evidence from the sanctuaries at Olympia, Isthmia, Nikoleika, Mt. Lykaion and Asea, is incorporated. It is argued that the reconstructed sacrificial norm of thysia is not reflected in the early Peloponnesian evidence and a re-evaluation of Greek sacrifice, at least for the Late Geometric–Early Archaic period, is suggested. The second aspect this thesis is to explore social competition in the given chronological and geographical framework through Greek sacrificial rituals. A new theory based on the notion of visibility is applied, according to which the sacrificer aims to promote themself and earn social capital through direct and indirect visibility achieved from the regular performance of sacrificial rites. It is suggested that the level of visibility in sacrifice is dependent on four parameters: sacrificial ritual and meals, sacrificial investment, sacrificial installation and the status of the sanctuary. / Tidig grekisk offerritual är ett understuderat område, då forskare framför allt fokuserat på det senarkaiska och klassiska Grekland för att förstå och rekonstruera grekisk offerpraktik. Denna uppsats är ett försök att utöka vår kunskap om tidiga grekiska offer, som här definieras som thysia, holokauster och moirokauster, med fokus på 700- och 600-talen på Peloponnesos. För att uppfylla detta syfte studeras all tillgängligt arkeologiskt och animalosteologiskt material från helgedomarna i Olympia, Isthmia, Nikoleika, Lykaionberget och Asea. Uppsatsen hävdar att den antagna normen för djuroffer i form av thysia inte återspeglas i det tidiga materialet från Peloponnesos och att det därför bör det ske en omvärdering av grekiskt offerbruk, åtminstone vad gäller den sengeometriska och tidigarkaiska perioden. Vidare utforskar uppsatsen hur social konkurrens uttrycktes genom offerritual inom samma period och geografiska område. Här appliceras en ny teori baserad på visibilitet. Enligt denna strävar den som offrar att framhäva sig själv och förvärva socialt kapital genom den direkta eller indirekta visibilitet som erhålls från att regelbundet genomföra offerritualer. Fyra parametrar avgör visibilitetens genomslagskraft: ritualen och de efterföljande måltiderna, investeringen i själva offret, installationer för offrets praktiska genomförande och helgedomens status.

The United States Pacific Northwest is well known for its shellfish farming. Historically, commercial harvests were dominated by the native Olympia oyster, Ostrea lurida, but over-exploitation, habitat degradation, and competition and predation by non-native species has drastically depleted their densities and extirpated many local populations. As a result, shellfish aquaculture production has shifted to the introduced Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. An underlying objective of this dissertation is the use of molecular genetics to improve our ability to accurately identifying optimal oyster broodstock for either restoration of Olympia oysters or farming of Pacific oysters. The ecological benefits provided by oysters as well as the Olympia oyster's historical significance, has motivated numerous restoration/supplementation efforts but these efforts are proceeding without a clear understanding of the genetic structure among extant populations, which could be substantial as a consequence of limited dispersal, local adaptation and/or anthropogenic impacts. To facilitate this understanding, we isolated and characterized 19 polymorphic microsatellites and used 8 of these to study the genetic structure of 2,712 individuals collected from 25 remnant Olympia oyster populations between the northern tip of Vancouver Island BC and Elkhorn Slough CA. Gene flow among geographically separated extant Olympia oyster populations is surprisingly limited for a marine invertebrate species whose free-swimming larvae are capable of planktonic dispersal as long as favorable water conditions exist. We found a significant correlation between geographic and genetic distances supporting the premise that coastal populations are isolated by distance. Genetic structure among remnant populations was not limited to broad geographic regions but was also present at sub-regional scales in both Puget Sound WA and San Francisco Bay CA. Until it can be determined whether genetically differentiated O. lurida populations are locally adapted, restoration projects and resource managers should be cautious of random mixing or transplantation of stocks where gene flow is restricted. As we transition from our Olympia oyster population analysis to our Pacific oyster quantitative analysis, we recognize that traditional quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping strategies use crosses among inbred lines to create segregating populations. Unfortunately, even low levels of inbreeding in the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) can substantially depress economically important quantitative traits such as yield and survival, potentially complicating subsequent QTL analyses. To circumvent this problem, we constructed an integrated linkage map for Pacific oysters, consisting of 65 microsatellite (18 of which were previously unmapped) and 212 AFLP markers using a full-sib cross between phenotypically differentiated outbred families. We identified 10 linkage groups (LG1-LG10) spanning 710.48 cM, with an average genomic coverage of 91.39% and an average distance between markers of 2.62 cM. Average marker saturation was 27.7 per linkage group, ranging between 19 (LG9) and 36 markers (LG3). Using this map we identified 12 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and 5 potential QTLs in the F1 outcross population of 236 full-sib Pacific oysters for four growth-related morphometric measures, including individual wet live weight, shell length, shell width and shell depth measured at four post-fertilization time points: plant-out (average age of 140 days), first year interim (average age of 358 days), second year interim (average age of 644 days) and harvest (average age of 950 days). Mapped QTLs and potential QTLs accounted for an average of 11.2% of the total phenotypic variation and ranged between 2.1 and 33.1%. Although QTL or potential QTL were mapped to all Pacific oyster linkage groups with the exception of LG2, LG8 and LG9, three groups (LG4, LG10 and LG5) were associated with three or more QTL or potential QTL. We conclude that alleles accounting for a significant proportion of the total phenotypic variation for morphometric measures that influence harvest yield remain segregating within the broodstock of West Coast Pacific oyster selective breeding programs. / Graduation date: 2012

TEIXEIRA, Karoline Viana. A orgia dos sentidos: a construção do corpo nas imagens de Olympia, de Leni Riefenstahl. 2008. 188 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em História) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de História, Programa de Pós-Graduação em História Social, Fortaleza-CE, 2008. / Submitted by Raul Oliveira (raulcmo@hotmail.com) on 2012-06-27T15:09:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_Dis_KVTeixeira.pdf: 2440446 bytes, checksum: 6ed2a703b56e2eaf27f0602ff910d9e5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-07-06T16:00:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_Dis_KVTeixeira.pdf: 2440446 bytes, checksum: 6ed2a703b56e2eaf27f0602ff910d9e5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-07-06T16:00:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_Dis_KVTeixeira.pdf: 2440446 bytes, checksum: 6ed2a703b56e2eaf27f0602ff910d9e5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / The present work aims at the historical study of meanings and constructions of body in the documentary film Olympia (ALE, 1938), by the German director Leni Riefenstahl. The film shows a portray of the Olympic Games in Berlin, occurred two years before in full Nazi regime. In this event, Adolf Hitler promoted an intense mobilization to propagate an image of Germany as a harmonious and pacific nation. But, at the same time, it also searched to demonstrate the physical superiority of the Germanic race over the other ones. It is looked, in this direction, to demonstrate as this body portrayed in this film is resulted of a series of conceptions and social political questions that gain force since the end of XIX century. From the care of itself, the popularity of sports as form to discipline body and mind to the nudist groups that had multiplied in Germany, all these movements had been absorbed and gained new meanings for the totalitarian dictatorship. Olympia shows an ideal of body and beauty unique and segregated, on behalf of which Nazis will promote the elimination of different ones by means of the Final Solution. / O presente trabalho visa o estudo histórico das significações e construções do corpo no documentário Olympia (ALE, 1938), da diretora alemã Leni Riefenstahl. O filme retrata os Jogos Olímpicos de Berlim, ocorridos dois anos antes em pleno regime nazista. Nesse evento, Adolf Hitler promoveu uma intensa mobilização para propagar uma imagem da Alemanha como uma nação harmoniosa e pacífica. Mas, ao mesmo tempo, buscou-se também demonstrar a superioridade física da raça germânica em relação aos demais. Procura-se, nesse sentido, demonstrar como esse corpo retratado no filme é resultado de uma série de concepções e questões sócio-políticas que ganham força desde o final do século XIX. Do cuidado de si, da popularização do esporte como forma de disciplinar corpo e mente aos grupos nudistas que se multiplicaram na Alemanha, todos esses movimentos foram absorvidos e ressignificados pela ditadura totalitária. Olympia mostra um ideal de corpo e beleza único e segregador, em nome do qual os nazistas vão promover a eliminação dos desviantes por meio da Solução Final.

Malgré leurs divisions politiques, les Grecs reconnaissaient l’existence de sanctuaires qui leur étaient communs. Or, à côté de leurs fonctions religieuses, ces grands sanctuaires jouèrent aussi un rôle indéniable dans la politique internationale aux Ve et IVe siècles avant notre ère. En effet, les quatre plus grands, les sanctuaires de Delphes, de l’Isthme, de Némée et d’Olympie, organisaient des concours panhelléniques et recevaient des offrandes venues de tout le monde grec. Certes, les sanctuaires communs pouvaient aussi rassembler tout ou partie des Hellènes, dans le cadre de koina ou d’alliances militaires, mais ils étaient avant tout des lieux de mise en scène des rivalités entre les États grecs. C’est pourquoi ceux-ci cherchèrent à exercer un contrôle plus ou moins direct sur eux. Ainsi, lorsque le caractère commun du lieu sacré s’était traduit par la mise en place d’institutions, celles-ci pouvaient voir s’exprimer des rapports de force entre les différents membres. Surtout, en particulier dans le cas des sanctuaires se situant sur des confins, la volonté de maîtriser des sanctuaires communs pouvait donner lieu à des conflits mêlant politique et religion, le contrôle d’un sanctuaire étant alors la clé de l’hégémonie sur la région dont il était le centre cultuel. Néanmoins, les grands sanctuaires ne furent pas que des enjeux entre puissances  : les oracles et les familles sacerdotales qui y étaient responsables du culte pouvaient incontestablement prendre position dans les luttes pour l’hégémonie en Grèce. De plus, ces sanctuaires pouvaient parfois servir d’interfaces entre la civilisation hellénique et les cultures voisines (Perses, Étrusques, Libyens…). / Despite their political divisions, Greeks knew the existence of sanctuaries who were common to them. However, in addition to their religious functions, these great sanctuaries played too an undeniable in international policy in the 5th and 4th centuries BC. The four greatest sanctuaries (Delphi, Isthmia, Nemea and Olympia) organized panhellenic games and received consecrations from all the Greek world. Moreover, common sanctuaries could gather all the Hellenes or a part of them in koina or military alliances, but they were above all places for rivalries between Greek states. That is why these tried to control them more or less directly. Thus, when the common characteristics of the sacred place had resulted in specific institutions, these could be the scene of conflicts between different protagonists. Above all, particularly with sanctuaries on the borders, the will of control of great sanctuaries coul result in both political and religious wars. The control of a sanctuary was then the key of the hegemony on the country of which it was the religious center. Nevertheless, great sanctuaries were not only stakes between powers: oracles and priestly families who were in charge of the temple could unquestionably intervene in struggles for hegemony in Greece. Moreover, these sanctuaries could sometimes be places of contact between Hellenic civilization and neighbouring cultures (Persians, Etruscans, Libyans, etc.).

This dissertation asserts that American political culture faces a crisis of virtue and explores the role of citizens, journalists and politicians in fostering it. The historic election of Barack Obama on a platform of hope and change in 2008 suggests that Americans yearn for an infusion of virtue into political life. I assert, however, that we have lacked a lexicon of political virtue, or any systematic understanding of which virtues we value and which matter most to us. Nor have we understood whether groups who constitute key elements of our democracy—citizens, journalists, politicians, men and women, Democrats and Republicans—value virtues in politics similarly or differently. Without a working knowledge of the anatomy of virtue in the body politic, what is to prevent us from having to change again? By charting the virtue systems of these key groups, I have made explicit what is implicit to reveal that political virtue is more valued—and more present—than Americans likely realize. This exploration, I believe, contributes to the scholarship of political communication by enabling a fuller and more useful understanding of American political culture—and of the contradictions, curiosities, and surprises that enrich it. / text

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