The phenomenon surrounding news media’s power to alter group identity and group cohesion is something that rarely a point of focus in communication studies. In this study I worked with a local social movement group called Stockton Stands with Minneapolis. This group illustrated the importance of maintaining shared values. Utilizing relational Interviewing, SSWM members provided evidence showing the connection between news media and group success. News media has had a role in shaping group members’ understanding of SSWM and activism. SSWM has faced internal conflict as a result of negative news representation. SSWM is a relatively small and young (2 ½ years) group when compared to more established groups and movements (such as black lives matter and #MeToo), the impact of losing any amount of membership to news representation is important and deserves attention. Therefore, in this paper I argue researchers must go beyond the conventional protest paradigm and media effects research that has commonly only examined the impact of the outgroup. There is a need for a new area of focus within media effects and activist representation, one that examines the impact of news media through multiple lenses of analysis. I argue this area would benefit from incorporating theories and concepts across the communications studies discipline. Utilizing research from the fields of media effects, interpersonal communication, and organizational communication can bring new insights to already existing understandings of activism and activist success. To help lead the charge into this new area of focus; I introduce a new paradigm and research approach called social movement splintering.

Cotutelle avec l'Université libre de Bruxelles / Depuis l’adoption de la Directive Qualification en 2004 et de sa refonte en 2011, l’Union européenne reconnaît explicitement les persécutions du fait de l’orientation sexuelle et de l’identité de genre en tant que motif d’octroi du statut de réfugié∙e, selon le critère de l’appartenance à un certain groupe social. Cependant, il existe toujours des différences considérables dans la manière dont les États européens examinent les demandes des personnes invoquant ce type de persécutions, ce qui contrevient à la volonté marquée de l’UE d’atteindre un Régime d’asile européen commun. Dans cette thèse je propose de suivre le processus de fabrique de la nouvelle catégorie de « réfugié∙e LGBTI » en Belgique, en France et au Royaume-Uni afin d’apporter une explication au fait que malgré les pressions d’harmonisation de l’Union européenne, les contours de cette catégorie de réfugié∙es diffèrent d’un État européen à l’autre. M’inscrivant dans la suite des travaux qui proposent d’aborder le processus d’action publique à partir de l’interdépendance entre les institutions et les idées, je suggère d’appréhender la fabrique de la catégorie de « réfugié∙e LGBTI » en tant que processus de traduction multi-niveaux engendré par les logiques positionnelles (institutions) et les logiques interprétatives (idées) d’acteurs en interactions. Pour ce faire, je développe les notions de « configuration des arènes de traduction » et de « paradigme de traduction » qui me permettent de capturer et de suivre les logiques positionnelles et interprétatives des acteurs tout au long du processus de traduction (genèse, stabilisation et verrouillage). La configuration des arènes de traduction correspond à la somme des institutions formelles et informelles qui contraignent les acteurs dans les trois arènes où s’opère la traduction de la catégorie de « réfugié∙e LGBTI » : l’arène administrative, l’arène associative et l’arène judiciaire. Le paradigme de traduction correspond à l’espace de sens à travers lequel les acteurs impliqués dans le processus de traduction interprètent la catégorie de « réfugié∙e LGBTI ». Il est composé de trois éléments : la définition du problème, la solution politique et l’univers de discours. La démarche proposée permet quatre principaux apports, à la fois d’ordre empirique et analytique. D’une part, pour ce qui est des apports empiriques, mon approche permet d’articuler plusieurs niveaux de gouvernement (international, européen et national). Elle permet également d’apporter une profondeur historique à l’analyse. D’autre part, pour ce qui est des apports analytiques, ma démarche permet d’articuler plusieurs niveaux d’analyse (institutions et idées). Elle permet également d’articuler plusieurs temporalités du changement de l’action publique (moyenne et longue). La présente recherche fait deux principales contributions : à la littérature en politiques publiques sur le changement et à celle en études migratoires queer sur l’homonationalisme. D’une part, en proposant de saisir le changement en tant que processus de traduction, ma démarche permet de dépasser les dichotomies latentes entre changements lents et marginaux versus changements radicaux et rapides. Elle permet également de dépasser la dichotomie entre pressions exogènes et pressions endogènes du changement. D’autre part, en prenant au sérieux l’interdépendance entre les institutions et les idées dans la constitution d’une communauté nationale qui intègre les minorités sexuelles, elle suggère de regarder au-delà de l’homonationalisme tel que conceptualisé aujourd’hui pour comprendre la manière dont la frontière entre « nous » et « eux » s’érige. Cette frontière n’est pas la même d’un État à l’autre et se révèle être peu stable, évoluant d’une phase à l’autre du processus d’action publique. Une telle perspective propose ainsi une troisième voie analytique qui se distingue d’une part des tenants du discours de la libération sexuelle et d’autre part de ceux de l’impérialisme sexuel. / Since the adoption of the Qualification Directive in 2004 and its recast in 2011, the European Union has explicitly recognized persecutions on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity as a ground for granting refugee status, according to the criterion of membership of a particular social group. However, there are still considerable differences in the way European states deal with applications from those who claim this kind of persecution, which goes against the EU’s strong desire to achieve a Common European Asylum System. This dissertation follows the “fabrique” of the new category of “LGBTI refugee” in Belgium, France, and the United Kingdom. It provides an explanation for the fact that in spite of pressures to harmonize the European Union, the contours of this category of refugees differ from one European state to another. Following an approach that focuses on the public policy process with an emphasis on the interdependence between institutions and ideas, I suggest apprehending the “fabrique” of the category of “LGBTI refugee” as a multi-level translation process, generated by the logics-of-positions (institutions) and the logics-of interpretations (ideas) of actors in interactions. To this aim, I develop the notions of “configuration of translation arenas” and of “translation paradigm” which allow me to capture and follow the positional and interpretative logics of actors throughout the translation process (genesis, stabilization and lock-in). The configuration of the translation arenas corresponds to the sum of the formal and informal institutions that constrain actors in the three arenas where the translation of the category of “LGBTI refugee” takes place: the administrative arena, the associative arena and the judicial arena. The translation paradigm corresponds to the space of meaning through which the actors involved in the translation process interpret the category of “LGBTI refugee”. It is composed of three elements: the problem definition, the political solution, and the discursive universe. The proposed approach gives rise to four main contributions, both empirical and analytical. On the one hand, in terms of empirical contributions, this approach allows for the articulation of several levels of government (international, European, and national). It also provides historical depth to the analysis. On the other hand, with regard to the analytical inputs, this approach facilitates the articulation of several analytical levels (institutions and ideas). It also makes possible the articulation of several temporalities of public action change. Overall, this research makes an important contribution to two literatures, namely the literature on public policy and the literature on queer migration studies. First, by proposing to capture change as a translation process, my approach overcomes the latent dichotomies between slow and marginal changes versus radical and rapid changes. It also overcomes the dichotomy between exogenous pressures and endogenous pressures that explain change in public policy. Second, considering the interdependence between institutions and ideas in the constitution of a national community inclusive of sexual minorities, it suggests looking beyond homonationalism, as it is conceptualized today, for understanding the construction of “us” and “them”. This construction is not the same from one state to another and does not appear to be very stable, as it evolves from one phase to another during the entire public action process. Such a perspective thus offers a third analytical path which differs from the discourse on sexual liberation and the discourse on sexual imperialism.

No description available.

The main purpose of this study was to explore the impact of organisational change on the lived experiences of employees’ well-being. A sample of six employees participated in the study. The requisite data was obtained using semi-structured interviews. The literature review aimed to conceptualise organisational change and its related constructs, to explore employee well-being and its related constructs, and to understand the impact of organisational change on employees’ well-being in organisational contexts. The specific aims of the empirical study were to explore the impact of organisational change on employee well-being, to provide a basic framework that may assist organisations in managing change initiatives directed at enhancing employee well-being, and to formulate recommendations for possible future research on the impact of organisational change on employee well-being. The findings of this study indicated that the impact of organisational change on employees’ well-being is generally negative owing to the uncertainty of moving from the known to the unknown. All employees are impacted by organisational changes. The findings further indicated that the adverse impacts of organisational change may be moderated by communication, participation in the organisational change process and support. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M. Com (Industrial and Organizational Psychology)

[pt] O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar as potencialidades da justiça restaurativa no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Partindo do pressuposto de que o sistema criminal está em crise de legitimidade, pelo foco na manutenção do viés punitivo-repressivo e pelo discurso deste paradigma. Neste sentido, indaga-se se a proposta restaurativa pode representar um caminho mais humanizador e apto à resolução de conflitos na seara criminal. Para tanto, buscou-se inicialmente, entender a crise do sistema penal, para posteriormente, desvendar as origens do paradigma restaurativo, como movimento internacional, comparando-o na oportunidade, com o paradigma retributivo. Buscou-se analisar ainda o surgimento da justiça restaurativa no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, estabelecendo-se um panorama geral de aplicação, a fim de que fossem evidenciadas as condições de seu desenvolvimento. Por fim, demonstrou-se através de pesquisas viabilizadas pelo Conselho Nacional de Justiça, as particularidades dos projetos pioneiros de Justiça Restaurativa, bem como, verificou-se o estado da arte do movimento restaurativo no sistema judicial, com suas potencialidades e desafios na construção da brasilidade restaurativa, que demonstra um déficit democrático atrelado a uma cultura jurídica brasileira de expansionismo da rede de controle penal. / [en] The present work aims to analyze the potential of restorative justice in the Brazilian legal system. Assuming that the criminal system is in crisis of legitimacy, due to the focus on maintaining the punitive-repressive bias and the discourse of this paradigm. In this sense, it is questioned whether the restorative proposal can represent a more humanizing and apt path to conflict resolution in the criminal field. Therefore, we initially sought to understand the crisis of the penal system, and later, to unveil the origins of the restorative paradigm, as an international movement, comparing it at the opportunity, with the retributive paradigm. It was also sought to analyze the emergence of restorative justice in the Brazilian legal system, establishing an overview of its application, so that the conditions of its development were evidenced. Finally, it was demonstrated through research made possible by the National Council of Justice, the particularities of the pioneering projects of Restorative Justice, as well as, the state of the art of the restorative movement in the judicial system, with its potentialities and challenges in the construction of the restorative Brazilianity, which demonstrates a democratic deficit linked to a Brazilian legal culture of expansionism of the penal control network.

Climate change impose a major challenge to the world. About 23% of the world’s energy-related CO2 emissions derive from transportation. Urban freight transport has been increasing because of a growing demand for goods. Cities need to manage freight transportation to decrease its climate change impact. The purpose of this study is to investigate what the cities Gothenburg, Copenhagen, and Turku need in order to manage urban freight transport and what measures the cities have adapted to reduce the CO2 emissions deriving from urban freight transport. The study aims to reflect upon how the elements included in the practice of municipal freight transport management relate to the sustainable mobility paradigm and identify measures to decrease climate change impact and reach sustainable mobility. Social practice theory guided the analysis, where meanings, materials, and competences was searched for in the empirical material. Data was collected through a document analysis and interviews with employees at the cities’ administrations. The results showed that the reasons for managing freight is to reduce environmental and negative social impacts, ensure good ease of passage for freight transportation, strengthen the economy and create jobs, and avoid conflicting goals and find joint solutions. Needed materials are funding, guidelines, and personnel resources. Needed competences include taking a systems perspective, understanding the private sector, engaging in cooperation, seeking and managing funding, transport planning, and procurement and planning of the own municipal freight transportation. The need and behaviour that steers the freight transportation seem to be excluded from the freight transport management practice. This is the need for goods and its connected consumption behaviour. The cities’ adapted measures to reduce the climate change impact from freight transportation focus on technological and logistical improvements. The freight transport management practice includes features that are in line with the sustainable mobility paradigm as well as features that are not. To strengthen sustainable mobility, the inclusion of stakeholders when managing freight transport could be expanded to inhabitants and persons with competence in environmental and social aspects. / Klimatförändringar innebär en stor utmaning för världen. Ungefär 23% av världens energirelaterade CO2-utsläpp härstammar från transportsektorn. Urbana godstransporter fortsätter öka som ett resultat av en ökande efterfrågan på varor. Städer behöver hantera godstransportflöden för att minska klimatpåverkan från dem. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka vad städerna Göteborg, Köpenhamn och Åbo behöver för att hantera godstransporter och vilka åtgärder de har antagit för att minska CO2-utsläppen från dem. Studiens mål är att reflektera kring hur elementen i den kommunala godstransportshanteringspraktiken förhåller sig till det hållbara mobilitetsparadigmet och identifiera möjliga åtgärder för att minska klimatpåverkan och nå hållbar mobilitet.   Social praktikteori guidade analysen där betydelser, material och kompetenser identifierades från det empiriska materialet. Data insamlades genom dokumentanalys samt genom intervjuer med anställda vid städerna. Resultatet visar att anledningarna till att hantera godstransporter är att minska miljöpåverkan, minska negativ social påverkan, säkerställa god framkomlighet för godstransporterna, stärka ekonomin och skapa jobb samt undvika målkonflikter och hitta gemensamma lösningar. Material som behövs inkluderar finansiering, riktlinjer samt personella resurser. Kompetenser som behövs är systemperspektiv, förståelse för den privata sektorn, söka och hantera finansiering, samarbetsförmåga, transportplanering samt upphandling och planering av stadens egna interna godstransporter. Behovet och beteendet som styr godstransporterna verkar vara exkluderat från praktiken. Detta är behovet av varor samt konsumtionsbeteendet som är kopplat till det. Åtgärderna som städerna har antagit för att minska klimatpåverkan från godstransporter fokuserar på tekniska och logistiska lösningar. Själva praktiken innehåller både drag som är i linje med det hållbara mobilitetsparadigmet och drag som inte är det. Den hållbara mobiliteten skulle stärkas ifall deltagandet breddas så att privatpersoner och personer med kompetens inom miljö och sociala aspekter också inkluderas i godstransporthanteringen.

The computer game industry has during the past years performed a paradigm shift from physical to digital online retailing based on game portals. Due to the many possibilities Big Data in combination with personalized marketing provides, especially in the form on in-game shops in the software, it is interesting for the computer game companies to investigate how this marketing approach can be performed most beneficially. Since the computer game industry has not been thoroughly investigated in relation to personalized marketing and customer integrity, it has in this study been performed as a predictive research, based on how personalized marketing is used in other industries. This benchmark has been combined with a literature study as well as a case study on a Swedish computer game company, Paradox Interactive in the form of personal interviews, a customer survey as well as gathering of internal data. The analysis of the chosen industries, the grocery store industry, the travel and hospitality industry as well the online gambling industry, demonstrates the importance of offering the customers relevant marketing offers that benefits the customers as well as the company. This approach has been shown to imply a positive spiral of increased customer loyalty and raised revenue for the company. The performed customer surveys emphasizes high loyalty, satisfied customers, positive attitude for a loyalty program as well as for an in-game shop as well as a majority of positively minded customers for personalized marketing. The negatively minded was shown to be affected by data security, the feeling of being monitored as well as the fear for data spread. The investigation further shows a high level of technology knowledge among the computer game customers. This increases the importance of offering high data security as well as describes the used approaches for the customers. Based on these results recommendations related to the implementation of personalized marketing was developed for computer game companies. These emphasizes the importance of using secure techniques related to the data security and the explicit information related to this, which is argued to lead to increased trust amongst the customers and an increased willingness to share personal data. Further the data and information related to the customers should be gathered from different sources and be analyzed together in order to increase the deep of the knowledge about the customers, which enables more accurate and relevant offers. This relevance should be high, but well balanced in relation to the negative aspects related to customers’ possible feeling of being monitored.   For increased knowledge about the customers as well improved customer loyalty the computer game companies should implement loyalty programs, which should be well aligned with the image of the company. This study contributes to the theoretical field related to personalized marketing by investigating how current models and theories aligns with, or should be modified in order to match, the computer game industry. Besides from this it contributes with theories related to data security within the field of personalized marketing, focused on personal integrity and privacy. Theories related to the importance of trust from the customers and the relation between trust and loyalty has been verified for the computer game industry. The importance of identifying a well-balanced level of the personalization has been verified, which in turn falsifies the theories emphasizing that maximized personalization is to strive for. Theories related to key aspects to take into consideration related to data security and handling of personal data has been verified for the computer game industry related to the handling of Big Data. / Dataspelsindustrin har under åren gjort en resa från fysisk försäljning i butik till digital försäljning via spelportaler på internet. I och med de många möjligheter Big Data i kombination med personlig marknadsföring möjliggör, speciellt i formatet av en inbyggd försäljningskanal inuti mjukvaran, är det av stort intresse för företag i spelbranschen att undersöka hur personlig marknadsföring mest fördelaktigt utförs.  I och med att dataspelinsdustrin ej blivit undersökt med avseende på personlig marknadsföring och kunders integritet tidigare, har detta utförts i form av en förutsägande undersökning baserat på användning av personlig marknadsföring i andra industrier. Denna utvärderande analys har kombinerats med en litteraturstudie samt en fallstudie på det svenska dataspelsföretaget Paradox Interactive i form av intervjuer, en kundenkät samt insamling av intern data. Analysen av de valda industrierna, matvaruhandeln, rese- och hotellindustrin och onlinespelindustrin, påvisar vikten av att erbjuda kunderna relevanta erbjudanden som i längden gynnar såväl kunden som företaget. Detta har påvisats leda till en god spiral av ökad kundlojalitet och ekonomisk vinst för företaget. Utförda kundundersökningar påvisar hög lojalitet, nöjda kunder, positiv attityd till sålväl en inbyggd butik i mjukvaran som ett lojalitetsprogram samt en övervägande andel positiva attityder för personlig marknadsföring. De negativt inställda påverkas av såväl datasäkerheten, känslan av att vara övervakad samt rädslan för att data sprids till tredje part. Undersökningen visar även på en hög kunskapsnivå inom data hos kunderna, vilket höjer vikten av att erbjuda hög säkerhet och även av att förmedla detta till dem. Baserat på dessa resultat har rekommendation gällande implementationen av personlig marknadsföring tagit fram för dataspelsföretag. Dessa framhäver vikten av att ha hög datasäkerhet och förmedla detta till kunderna, vilket i sin tur gör kunderna mer trygga och villiga att dela personlig information. Vidare bör data och information om kunderna skall samlas in från olika kanaler och analyseras tillsammans i syfte att öka kunskapem om kunder, vilket ger möjligheten att erbjuda kunderna mer träffsäkra och relevanta erbjudanden. Denna relevans skall vara hög, men väl avvägd mot den negativa effekten som uppstår om kunden känner sig övervakad.   För utökad kunskap om kunderna och samtidigt generera höjd kundlojalitet skall företag i industrin implementera lojalitetsprogram, vilka skall vara enhetlig med företagets framtoning. Detta arbete bidrar till teorier inom personlig markandsföring genom att undersöka hur rådande teorier och modeller passar eller skall ändras för att matcha dataspelindustrin. Utöver detta bidrar arbetet till teorier gällande datasäkerhet inom området personlig markandsföring, med fokus på integritet och privatliv. Teorier gällande vikten av fötroende från kunderna och sambandet mellan förtroende och lojalitet har påvisats stämma för dataspelindustrin. Vikten av att hitta ett mellanläge för markandsförings relevans har påvisats stämma, vilket i sin tur dementerar teorier som påvisar att maximal relevans är eftertraktat. Teorier gällande huvudaspekter att ta hänsyn till gällande datasäkerhet och behandling av personlig data har påvisats stämma för datapselindustrin relaterat till behandlingen av Big Data.

The most commonly used programming languages for modern software development usually belong to either the Imperative Paradigm (IP) or Declarative Paradigm (DP). These paradigms often come with drawbacks like code coupling and structural and/or temporal redundancy. The Notification Oriented Paradigm (NOP) comes as a new approach for software development that works based on small, smart, and reactive notifiable entities. That is how NOP facilitates software development to achieve several features like responsiveness by avoiding code redundancy and distributiveness by allowing code decoupling. This research focused on examining some of NOP green potentials in a simulated sensor correlation application, in smart city-like, by comparing the performance of a NOP Implementation with other common and popular object-oriented programming languages. The NOP implementation is the so-called NOP C++ Framework 4.0, which is the current state of the technics in this domain. In order to explore the NOP C++ Framework 4.0, an air quality monitoring system prototype was developed considering the presence of air quality sensors in three different locations of a supposed smart city. Beyond the prototype implemented in NOP C++ framework 4.0, it was as well implemented in C++ and Java programming languages in order to compare them. The aim is to evaluate the performance of the NOP state of technics, which will help to identify the green potentials of NOP and also its applicability in a smart city context. Two air quality datasets collected from real-time sensors located in two different cities of different countries were used to evaluate the performance of the applications. The performance analysis shows that the NOP application outperformed the other two for both datasets in terms of execution time, memory usage, and energy consumption. Future works should consider the prototypical NOP programming language, the so-called NOP state of the art, that has better performance than the NOP C++ Framework 4.0 because its compiler generates low-level-like code.

With the invention of the printing press, fairy tales became limited by the idea of an "original" (Pettitt, 2009; Blamires, 2003). However, in the past century, the retelling and changing of fairy tales has become incredibly popular in all forms of media, such as print, film, ballet, musicals, etc. Despite Western populations' familiarity with these tales, the demand for such retellings continues to rise, with the storytellers finding great financial success with each "new" version they provide. Researchers have many varying opinions on the reasons for such intense responses to retold fairy tales, but there is a gap of research on the actual changes made to the retold tales and what they mean. Through the use of Narrative Criticism, three of the most popularly retold fairy tales (Cinderella, Beauty and the Beast, and Snow White) were analyzed for the biggest alterations, and what those alterations are meant to convey to consumers. Findings revealed that the biggest changes across all three retellings were those of character, narrator, audience, and setting. These changes indicate a switch from the authoritative nature of the first printed versions to an inferential nature with the subsequent retellings, with authors leaning into the Narrative Paradigm and forcing audiences to instead ruminate on the changes made in the familiar tales, and to decide for themselves what those changes mean for their personal lives.

AI is a phenomenon that does not only manifest itself as a disruptive technology, but also entails a paradigmatic shift with conceivably unprecedented and unforeseeable consequences for society and the human condition. This technology with its components Big Data and Machine Learning/algorithms has evoked critical reactions because of ethical concerns that follow on the backwash of its ubiquitous and ever more expanding use. Whose voices are presently raised and what contributions can actually be expected from the information systems (IS) discipline – an academic field that is prone to scrutinize phenomena that emerge when the social and technological system interact? By reviewing a systematically defined selection of the latest IS research literature and analyzing the critical perspectives, this study displays current themes in the IS discipline concerning critique of AI. The accumulation and clustering of the results can provide an answer to the question of what themes appear in the critique of AI in the IS discipline and whether a critical standpoint towards detrimental effects of AI use in society is formed. Social critique, which has no longstanding tradition in IS research, would be necessary to succeed in offering a well-informed and science-based guidance on how to face AI as a society and with the human condition as a focal point.