The subject of my thesis is a variant I/57 in the section Semetín-Bystřička. The proposed route of communication, was part of an existing communications maintained for its full utilization. Were drawn four proposed variants of the solution, 3 variants are trying their best to use existing communication Jablůnka the village, one suggested option B that leads outside the existing road.

This study investigated the implementability of the French La main à la pâte (LAMAP) inquiry-based science education (IBSE) programme in the South African context. An interpretative, qualitative multiple-case study design was utilised to elicit the voices of both young children-as-scientists engaged in scientific inquiry and student teachers who facilitated science education following the LAMAP approach. The conceptual framework integrated contemporary perspectives on childhood, theory theory and constructivist theory concepts and IBSE. Three conveniently sampled schools in an urban setting were purposively selected as cases, with 70 Grade 1 to Grade 3 children and three student teachers as participants. The findings of the study indicate that the children engaged in IBSE as natural scientists, displaying the cognitive capacity to think, act and learn like real scientists in the context of their classrooms. Engaging in science within a community of scientists, and being physically and mentally active in the knowledge construction process furthermore shaped children’s sense of agency and identity as scientists. The findings furthermore indicate that implementing IBSE contributed to shaping student teachers’ professional identity as science teachers for young children. As young scientists-in-waiting children are, however, dependent on researchers, higher education institutions concerned with teacher training, decision-makers and the broader education community to mobilise and sustain their potential for being and becoming scientists. The findings of the study resulted in a framework proposing guidelines on multi-levels for IBSE implementation in the South African Foundation Phase classroom context. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2017. / The National Research Foundation Sabbatical Grant for Doctoral Studies / The University of Pretoria Vice-Chancellor's Academic Grant Programme / Educational Psychology / PhD / Unrestricted

Cette thèse a pour objectif d’évaluer et de comparer la performance des stratégies d’assurance de portefeuille pour tenter de définir quelles stratégies doivent être privilégiées par les investisseurs. Nous comparons de nombreuses stratégies d’assurance (OBPI, CPPI, put synthétique et Stop-loss) entre elles mais également avec quelques autres stratégies de référence. Nous utilisons différents critères de comparaison qui comprennent: 1. Les distributions de pay-off, le niveau de protection, la dominance stochastique et le coût d’assurance dans différentes conditions de marché identifiées par des modèles à changements de régime markovien. 2. Les mesures de la performance ajustée au risque qui peuvent refléter les préférences des investisseurs vis-à-vis du risque et de la rentabilité. 3. Les préférences des investisseurs en intégrant la théorie cumulative des perspectives (TCP). Nos résultats semblent mettre en évidence une dominance des stratégies CPPI dans la majorité des cas et pour la majorité des critères de comparaison. / This thesis is set out with the objective of evaluating and comparing the performance of portfolio insurance strategies. We try to figure out when and why one portfolio insurance strategy should be preferred by investors in practice. To meet this objective, main portfolio insurance strategies (OBPI, CPPI, Synthetic put and Stop-loss) are compared relatively to each other and to some benchmark strategies. Portfolio insurance strategies are applied within different implementation scenarios and compared according to various criteria that include:1. The payoff functions, stochastic dominance, the level of protection and the cost of insurance under bull and bear market conditions. 2. Various risk adjusted performance measures that reflect different investors’ preferences toward risk and return. 3. The preferences of investors who act according to cumulative prospect theory (CPT). Our results reveal a dominant role of CPPI strategy at the majority of cases and according to the majority of comparison criteria.

Au Canada comme ailleurs, les peuples autochtones font preuve d’une grande résilience face à de nombreux problèmes de santé physique et psychosociale. Le traumatisme intergénérationnel issu de la colonisation passée et actuelle est vu comme l’une des explications de ces difficultés, additionné à un manque de services pour répondre aux déterminants du bien-être impliqués. Pour faire face à ces difficultés, des approches communautaires favorisant l’empowerment et l’autogouvernance sont recommandées. Des intervenants non-autochtones sont amenés à soutenir la mobilisation communautaire et leur apport peut être substantiel. Néanmoins, il apparait essentiel de décoloniser les interventions, notamment en procédant à une introspection sur sa propre présence et impact en contexte autochtone. En première partie, une analyse ethnographique sur mon processus comme jeune étudiante-chercheuse sera réalisée et permettra une analyse des sentiments, tensions, questionnements et réflexions qui ont façonné ce mémoire. Ensuite, les résultats d’analyse qualitative phénoménologique de cinq entrevues réalisées auprès d’intervenantes non-Inuit travaillant au Nunavik ou au Nunavut seront présentés. L’analyse de ces verbatim aura permis de faire ressortir des considérations de l’intervenante par rapport à elle-même et par rapport aux communautés, dans une perspective décoloniale. L’analyse qualitative inductive d’un groupe de discussion effectué auprès d’intervenantes Inuit sera ensuite présentée, permettant de valider certaines considérations. Cette étude aura permis d’appuyer l’importance de la connaissance de soi et de la reconnaissance des privilèges invisibles en lien avec l’histoire passée et actuelle de colonisation, de manière à répondre prioritairement aux besoins des communautés à travers l’établissement de relations de confiance significatives et maintenues dans le temps. / Aboriginal peoples are highly resilient to many physical and psychosocial health issues. Intergenerational trauma from past and current colonization is seen as one of the explanations for these difficulties, coupled with a lack of services to address the determinants of well-being involved. To address these challenges, community-based approaches that promote empowerment and self-governance are recommended. Non-Aboriginal stakeholders are involved in supporting community mobilization and their contribution can be substantial. Nevertheless, it seems essential to decolonize interventions, particularly by carrying out an introspection on one's own presence and impact in an indigenous context. In the first part, an ethnographic analysis of my process as a young student-researcher will be carried out and will allow an analysis of the feelings, tensions, questions and reflections that shaped this thesis. Then, the results of phenomenological qualitative analysis of five interviews conducted with non-Inuit stakeholders working in Nunavik or Nunavut will be presented. The analysis of these verbatim will have made it possible to highlight the speaker's considerations in relation to themselves and in relation to the communities, from a decolonial perspective. The inductive qualitative analysis of a focus group conducted with Inuit stakeholders will then be presented, validating some considerations. This study will have supported the importance of self-knowledge and the recognition of invisible privileges of non-aboriginal people in relation to past and current history of colonization, in order to meet the needs of communities as a priority through the establishment of meaningful and lasting trust-based relationships.

Many of the sustainability challenges our society currently face have arisen as unanticipated side effects of our own modern developments. This thesis investigates if unintended consequences and perspectives are fully addressed by traditional methods for providing decision-making support within the sustainability domain. For that purpose, Systems Thinking is utilised in three cases: in the first, Systems Thinking is used to analyse sustainability issues relating to the current product design paradigm. In the second case, Systems Thinking is applied to two product systems – household washing machines and conventional passenger vehicles. The third case discusses different stakeholder perspectives in environmental decision-making and proposes a way to combine the ESA tools LCA, LCC and CBA in order to consider the different stakeholder perspectives. Results of the first case point out that the practices within the current design paradigm are focused on innovations and improvements in material and energy efficiency. These practices have led to the following unintended consequences: consumption rebound effects, increased waste, pollution, negative externalities, economic inequalities and other environmental and social negative impacts. These unintended consequences are represented in a Causal Loop Diagram (CLD). The diagram graphically illustrates how these unintended consequences influence one another and interact by means of cause-effect linkages and reinforcing feedback loops. A novel conceptual framework named Sustainability-Driven Systems-Oriented Design is proposed to work within broader system boundaries in order to address possible negative side effects that micro-level gains could have on macro-level losses. In the case of the two product systems, a CLD for household washing machines and conventional passenger vehicles is developed. The CLDs represent how selected variables interact by means of cause-effect associations to affect environmental impacts of the products. The CLD technique appears to be a useful way to connect quantitative assessment (from Life Cycle Assessment) with qualitative analysis (from Systems Thinking). In the third case it is argued that stakeholders tend to adopt different system boundaries and make assumptions according to their perspective when they use ESA tools in environmental decision-making. A way to combine ESA tools is suggested to facilitate the observation of the environmental decision from different viewpoints. It concludes, to some extent, that traditional methods for providing decision-making support can handle certain parameters that may result in unintended consequences. Systems Thinking may assist in the process of performing qualitative analyses of what is important to consider in order to strengthen the robustness of, and improve on the recommended actions from, quantitative detailed analyses. / <p>QC 201305330</p>

Den här studien undersöker hur gymnasielärare tolkar och arbetar mot värdeordet nyanserat som finns i kunskapskraven för samhällskunskap. En kvalitativ metod har använts i studien som utgjorts av semistrukturerade intervjuer. Teorier från Johan Sandahl, Maria Rönnlund et al. och Suzanne Parmenius Swärd används för att analysera empirin. Resultatet av studien är att de intervjuade lärarna tolkar nyanserat tänkande framförallt som en tankeförmåga. Det skaver mot tidigare forskning som belyser att nyanserat tänkande, utöver en tankeförmåga, är en språklig förmåga. Resultatet tillsammans med tidigare forskning visar att nyanserat tänkande, att ta olika perspektiv, är en demokratisk förmåga. Studien visar också att lärare arbetar på olika sätt för att elever ska vara nyanserade men att undervisningen huvudsakligen består av en social process i form av samtal och diskussion. Studien har också belyst att det är skillnad mellan prestation och förståelse. Att uppnå kunskapskraven för nyanserade resonemang och diskussioner är inte en garant för att kunna göra samma sak i ett annat sammanhang. Vidare har studien visat att det existerar ett forskningsgap kring nyanserat tänkande och att det behövs mer kunskap.

The modern history of neuroscience is still being written.1 Neuroscience has a long tradition of focusing on this object.2 However, while science with its status, it is recent.3 Its field of activities is broad, thereby also increasing several areas of knowledge, such as biology and medicine (contributing to the survey area of brain activities, regeneration research about the injured brain, the affect of drugs on mirror neurons, etc.),4 psychology (contributing to the survey area of human behavior),5 education (contributing to research that helps to understand how the brain learns),6 Philosophy/Theology (reconsidering the human’s identity, how conscience, faith is formed, etc)7 and, recently, artificial marketing and intelligence. In the area of neuroscience two distinct visions with correlating methodological approaches compete. The first seeks to find and associate a specific neuron with each human action or behavior. Here there is a reductionism of human beings to electrochemical phenomena in the brain. The second view perceives the nervous system with a much more holistic dimension. The objective, in that case, would not be to ask “why” first but to ask “how.” Both views are not mutually exclusive

Studiens syfte är att bidra med kunskap om några grundskollärares och en specialpedagogs upplevelser av och syn på språk- och kunskapsutvecklande arbetssätt med särskilt fokus på transspråkande förhållningssätt. Studiens syfte är också att bidra med kunskap om speciallärarens roll i arbetet med att främja transspråkande i undervisningen för elever i behov av språkligt stöd. De teoretiska ramarna för studien utgörs av sociokulturella perspektiv och interkulturellt pedagogiskt perspektiv. Studiens ansats är kvalitativ och studiens data samlades in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. Utifrån lärarnas beskrivningar synliggörs såväl fördelar som utmaningar med transspråkande förhållningssätt i undervisningen. Den enskilt mest framträdande framgångsfaktorn för att transspråkande undervisning kan ske är enligt studiens resultat lärarens förhållningssätt och positiva inställning till alla språk. Resultatet visar vidare att transspråkande förhållningssätt i undervisning kan vara ett sätt att förebygga diskriminering och främlingsfientlighet. Studiens specialpedagogiska relevans synliggörs genom att studien visar att specialläraren kan vara en resurs i att utforma stöttande undervisning för flerspråkiga elever samt i att utbilda och informera lärare kring transspråkande. / The purpose of the study is to contribute with knowledge of some teachers' and a special educator's experiences of and views on language and knowledge development working methods with a special focus on translanguaging approaches. The purpose of the study is also to contribute with knowledge about the role of the special needs teacher in the work of promoting translanguaging in teaching for students in need of language support. The theoretical framework for the study consists of socio-cultural perspectives and intercultural pedagogical perspectives. The study approach is qualitative and the study data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Based on the teachers' descriptions, both advantages and challenges with translanguage approaches in teaching are made visible. According to the results of the study, the single most prominent success factor for translanguaging teaching to take place is the teacher's positive attitude towards all languages. The results also show that translanguaging approaches in teaching can be a way to prevent discrimination and xenophobia. The study's special pedagogical relevance is made visible by the fact that the study shows that the special needs teacher can be a resource in designing supportive teaching for multilingual students and in educating and informing teachers about translanguaging.

Några elever tenderar att fastna i samma aktivitet på fritidshemmet. Syftet med studien är att undersöka om det finns strategier fritidslärare säger sig använda för att få eleverna delaktiga i fritidshemmets aktiviteter. Vidare undersöks vilka strategier som uppges vara effektiva och hur elevernas deltagande i aktiviteterna påverkar de sociala relationerna i gruppen. Studien utgår från fyra frågeställningar: Vilka strategier anser fritidslärare att de använder för att motivera eleverna att delta i frivilliga aktiviteter? Hur uppfyller fritidshemmet elevernas önskemål av aktiviteter? Hur upplever fritidslärarna sociala relationer mellan eleverna i aktiviteterna på fritidshemmet? och Vilken typ av miljö använder fritidshemmet mest under aktiviteterna? Metoden är semistrukturerade intervjuer med fyra fritidslärare på två skolor i södra Sverige. Analysen av resultatet tolkas ur ett sociokulturellt perspektiv för att få en djupare förståelse av elevernas delaktighet i aktiviteterna. Undersökningen visar att fritidslärare behöver ha elevernas intressen och behov i åtanke när planering av aktiviteter görs. Det visar sig vara av stor vikt att fritidslärarna är delaktiga i aktiviteterna för att motivera eleverna att delta. Fritidslärarna bör ge tydliga instruktioner som gör att eleverna förstår vad som förväntas av dem. Eleverna mår som bäst om de får möjlighet till miljöombyte och erbjuds en bred variation av aktiviteter med engagerade fritidslärare. / Some pupils tend to get caught up in the same activity at the leisure-time centre. The purpose of the study is to investigate whether there are strategies that leisure-time teachers use to involve pupils in the activities of the leisure-time centre. Furthermore, it investigates which strategies are reported to be effective and how pupils' participation in the activities affects the social relations in the group. The study is based on four questions: What strategies do leisure-time teachers think they use to motivate pupils to participate in voluntary activities? How does the leisure-time centre meet the pupils' wishes for activities? How do the leisure-time teachers experience social relations between the pupils in the activities at the leisure-time centre? and What kind of environment does the leisure-time centre use most during the activities? The method is semi-structured interviews with four leisure-time teachers at two schools in southern Sweden. The analysis of the results is interpreted from a sociocultural perspective in order to gain a deeper understanding of the pupils' participation in the activities. The survey shows that leisure-time teachers need to keep pupils' interests and needs in mind when planning activities. It turns out to be of great importance that the leisure teachers are involved in the activities to motivate the pupils to participate. Leisure-time teachers should provide clear instructions that allow pupils to understand what is expected of them. Pupils feel at their best if they get an opportunity for a change of scenery and are offered a wide range of activities with dedicated leisure-time teachers.

ABSTRACT Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea, FHA, is the clinical diagnosis for a woman in whommenstrual periods have been absent for three months or longer and where no other organic ormedical explanation is found. The aim was to explore characteristics and life experiencesamong women showing signs of FHA and to investigate what diagnoses and treatment/advicethey received when seeking medical help. Self-reported data were collected via an onlinesurvey. Descriptive data were presented regarding global representation, education levels,characteristics, life experiences, diagnoses, treatment/advice, treatment satisfaction, recoverysuccess and congruence between undertaken lifestyle changes and treatment/advice.Respondents consisted of 1,035 women from 71 different countries. The results showedcommon characteristics among respondents: the majority reported body appearancedissatisfaction, drive for thinness, high expectations of oneself, anxiety, obsessive behavioursand perfectionism. Life experiences were childhood bullying, loneliness and having a closerelative with mental health issues. Less than half of the participants received the diagnosisFHA and roughly a third did not receive any diagnosis/were told nothing was wrong. One infive were not given any treatment/advice that would help them regain their menstrual period.Ninety-three percent of those who recovered stated that they had gained weight, engaged lessin physical activity and/or undertaken cognitive behavioural therapy. Seventy-two percentwere dissatisfied with the treatment/advice they were given. In conclusion, the results fromthis study point to FHA as an underdiagnosed/misdiagnosed, neglected and mistreatedmedical condition and public health issue affecting women globally. / SAMMANFATTNING Funktionell hypotalamisk amenorré, FHA, är den kliniska diagnosen för en kvinna som varitutan menstruation i tre månader eller längre, där ingen annan organisk eller medicinskförklaring hittats. Syftet var att utforska förekomsten av personlighetsdrag ochlivserfarenheter bland kvinnor med kliniska tecken på FHA och att undersöka vilka diagnoseroch behandling/råd de fått när de sökt vård. Självrapporterad data inhämtades viainternetbaserade frågeformulär. Deskriptiv data presenterades avseende global representation,utbildningsnivå, personlighetsdrag, livserfarenheter, erhållna diagnoser, erhållnaråd/behandling, tillfredsställelse med behandling, behandlingsframgång och samstämmighetmellan livsstilsförändringar och erhållna råd/behandling. Svarspersonerna bestod av 1 035kvinnor från 71 olika länder. Resultaten visade gemensamma personlighetsdrag blandsvarspersonerna: majoriteten rapporterade kroppsmissnöje (utseendemässigt), strävan eftersmal kropp, höga förväntningar på sig själv, ångest/oro, tvångsmässiga beteenden ochperfektionism. Livserfarenheter var mobbning under barndomen, ensamhet och att ha ensläkting med psykisk ohälsa. Mindre än hälften fick diagnosen FHA och ungefär en tredjedelfick ingen diagnos/fick höra att ingenting var fel. En av fem fick ingen behandling/råd somhade kunnat hjälpa dem att återfå sin menstruation. Sjuttiotre procent var missnöjda medbehandlingen/råden de fick av sin läkare. Nittiotre procent av de som återfick sinmenstruation uppgav att de hade gått upp i vikt, ägnat sig mindre åt fysisk aktivitet och/ellergenomgått kognitiv beteendeterapi. Sjuttiotvå procent var missnöjda med den behandling/rådde gavs. Sammanfattningsvis pekar resultaten från denna studie mot att FHA är ettunderdiagnostiserat/feldiagnostiserat, negligerat och felbehandlat medicinskt tillstånd ochfolkhälsoproblem som drabbar kvinnor över hela världen.