Gender equality and diversity (Ge&D) perspectives in the transport sector have been neglected within scientific research and policymaking processes for a significant time. Gender is somewhat considered, meanwhile diversity is seldom taken into account. According to researchers, the problem with the Ge&D gap is that the implementation phase is lacking, i.e., to go from policy to action. For this reason, a tool called GaDAP has been newly developed to help with strategic and systematic implementation of both Ge&D perspectives. With this background, this thesis aims to test, analyze, and evaluate the potential of how the GaDAP-tool can affect the development of systematic implementation of Ge&D perspectives. This is conducted as a case study in Västerås municipality where qualitative methods such as workshops and semi-structured interviews have been used. The theoretical framework consists of implementation theory, as well as gender and diversity mainstreaming. It is highlighted in the findings, analysis, and discussions that implementation of Ge&D perspectives are challenging within the transport field. Challenges such as knowledge gaps, lack of local political directives, and institutional barriers, negatively affect a systematic implementation. Although, some potential and possibilities were seen. First, the participants show a willingness to implement Ge&D perspectives. Secondly, the GaDAP-tool proved to be helpful to increase knowledge of the subject. Conclusions that are made show that the GaDAP-tool could push systematic Ge&D implementation, however, only to a certain extent. There are still several challenges to deal with before reaching a planning process with systematically implemented Ge&D perspectives.

<p>  </p> <p>There is a deficiency in scholarly research on higher education service animal policy that has created definitive gaps in how disability service office (DSO) directors approach policy development and how higher education institutions (HEIs) ensure access for service animal handlers. Through a three-paper model, this dissertation addressed the intersection between federal and state civil rights legislation and the leadership qualities needed in developing higher education service animal policies. The first academic law review paper, titled “Service Animals in the Higher Education Environment: How the Law Guides Institutions in Supporting Disabled Student Handlers” laid a foundation for higher education service animal policy through a review of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, and the Fair Housing Act of 1968, which is federal civil rights legislation that grants protections and access for students with disabilities using service animals in higher education. The second academic law review paper, titled “State Legislation Regarding Service Animals: Informing Big Ten Higher Education Disability Policy” provided a comprehensive overview of six Midwest state’s service animal legislation and the legal application to higher education policy. The third paper is a qualitative research study, titled “A Big Ten Leadership Approach to Service Animal Policy Development in Higher Education” that explored how Big Ten Academic Alliance HEI DSO directors lead when developing institutional policy related to service animals.</p>

Bakgrund: I Sverige drabbas ca 13 000 personer varje år av hjärtstopp, där HjärtLungRäddning (HLR) är primär åtgärd för chans till överlevnad. Ställningstagande att inte utföra HLR på sjukhus benämns ”beslut om utebliven HLR”. Befogenhet till beslut angår legitimerade läkare, men sjuksköterskor är en viktig resurs. I samskapande omvårdnad utformas vård i samråd mellan patienter och yrkesutövare, vilket tydliggör patienters ställning i vårdsituationen. Sjuksköterskor behöver säkerhet i beslut gällande utebliven HLR för att undvika att orsaka omotiverat lidande hos patienter. Syfte: Att beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att vårda patienter vid beslut om utebliven HLR på somatisk vårdavdelning. Metod: Litteraturöversikten baserades på 13 vetenskapliga artiklar med kvalitativ metod. Litteratursökning utfördes i databaserna Cinahl samt Medline. Dataataanalys utfördes genom Fribergs analys i fem steg och inspirerades av Graneheim &amp; Lundmans standardiserade modell.   Resultat: Resultatet presenterades i tre huvudteman med tillhörande sub-teman. Huvudteman var Etik, Informationsutbyte samt Beslutsprocessen. Resultatet beskrev sjuksköterskors önskan att inte orsaka lidande samt att bevara patienters värdighet. En välinformerad patient ansågs förmögen för eget ställningstagande till beslut om utebliven HLR. Trots sjuksköterskors begränsade roll i beslutsfattandet beskrevs sjuksköterskors roll i uppmärksammande av förändringar i patienters status. Vidare beskrevs vikt av tydlig dokumentation, direktiv och riktlinjer. Slutsats: Trots nuvarande riktlinjer beskrivs sjuksköterskors osäkerhet vid beslut och vård av patienter med beslut om utebliven HLR. Vidare forskning, utveckling av PM och riktlinjer är nödvändigt för sjuksköterskors trygghet i sin yrkesutövning samt för främjande av patienters autonomi. / Background: In Sweden, approximately 13 000 people suffer cardiac arrest each year, where CardioPulmonaryResuscitation (CPR) is the primary measure for a chance of survival. A decision to not perform CPR in hospitals is referred to as a “Decision to not perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation”. The authority to make decisions about treatment restrictions concerns the authorized physician but nurses are important resources in the decision process. In the co-production of healthcare services, care is designed as a consultation between patients and professionals, which makes the patients ‘position clear. Nurses need certainty in their decisions to not perform CPR, to avoid causing unjustified suffering to patients.  Aim: To describe nurses’ experiences of caring for patients in the event of a decision of non-CPR in somatic care units.  Method: The literature review was based on 13 scientific original articles with qualitative methods. A literature search was performed in the databases Cinahl and Medline. Data analysis was performed with Friberg´s analysis in five steps and inspired by Graneheim &amp; Lundman´s standardized model. Results: The results were presented in three main themes with associated sub-themes. The main themes were Ethics, Information exchange and Decision Process. The result described nurses ‘desire to not cause suffering and to preserve patients ‘dignity. A well-informed patient was considered capable of making their own decision about CPR. Despite nurses´ limited role in decision-making, nurses ‘role in noticing changes in patient´s status was described. Furthermore, the importance of clear documentation, directives and guidelines was described.   Conclusion: Despite current guidelines, nurses ‘uncertainty in the decision process and in the care of patients with decisions are described. Further research and development of PMs and guidelines are necessary for nurses ‘security in their work and for the promotion of patient autonomy.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between acculturation and aspects of family functioning (cohesion and adaptability) and family leisure involvement from Mexican-American parent, youth, and family perspectives. Acculturation of parents, youth, and families was measured using the Bidimensional Acculturation Scale for Hispanics (BAS). Family leisure involvement was measured using the Family Leisure Activity Profile (FLAP). Aspects of family functioning were measured using the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales (FACES II). Sociodemographic variables such as age, gender, generation, family size, income, and education were also used to help predict levels of acculturation for family perspectives. The sample was obtained from communities in Texas and Utah and consisted of 74 Mexican-American families, including a parent and child from each family. Differences were found in measures of family leisure involvement and family functioning between Mexican-Americans and normative samples of Anglo-Americans. Findings suggest that family leisure involvement, aspects of family functioning, and sociodemographic variables helped to predict parent, youth, and family perspectives of acculturation. The independent and sociodemographic variables also helped to discriminate levels of acculturation for parents, youth, and families. Recommendations are given for commercial and community recreation programs targeting Mexican-American families, in addition to implication for further research.

This study investigated the efficacy of dynamic written corrective feedback (DWCF) on intermediate-high students' writing accuracy when compared to a traditional grammar instruction approach. DWCF is an innovative written corrective feedback method that requires a multifaceted process and interaction between the teacher and the students in order to help the students improve their writing accuracy. The central principle of DWCF is that feedback should be manageable, meaningful, timely, and constant. The research question was raised based on the positive effects of DWCF found in advanced-low and advanced-mid proficiency level students (Evans et al., in press; Evans, Hartshorn, & Strong-Krause, 2009; Hartshorn, 2008; Hartshorn et al., in press). Similar to previous studies, this study attempted to examine the effectiveness of DWCF in terms of proficiency level. It further explored students' perspectives and attitudes towards DWCF. Two groups of ESL students participated in this study: a control group (n=18) that was taught using a traditional grammar instruction method, and a treatment group (n=35) that was taught using a DWCF approach. The findings in this study revealed that both methods improved the intermediate-high students' linguistic accuracy in writing. However, the findings of this study suggest that the instruction utilizing DWCF is preferable to traditional grammar instruction when it comes to improving intermediate-high students' writing accuracy for two reasons: first, DWCF was slightly more effective than the traditional grammar instruction used, and second, students strongly preferred the instruction using DWCF to traditional grammar instruction. The findings of this study further validate other work suggesting the positive effects found in advanced proficiency levels. This study indicates that ESL learners benefit from manageable, meaningful, timely, and constant error feedback in improving their linguistic accuracy in writing. Furthermore, this study suggests the desirability of applying DWCF to other contexts.

In a fast-paced and knowledge driven IT industry companies are increasingly becoming interested in making use of acquired knowledge and becoming "learning organizations". To achieve that, some managers have taken an interest in incorporating communities of practice in their knowledge management strategy. However, these are often much more formal and structured than what the original concept entailed. This study looks at enabling factors for learning through formalized communities of practice, as well as prominent perspectives on knowledge and learning in a large IT organization. A qualitative case study using mixed methods was conducted at Scania IT. Three enabling factors for learning through formalized communities of practice were discovered. These were; having a clear and common objective, obtaining resources to achieve that objective, and being inclusive. Furthermore, some tensions that affect how a formalized community of practice can position their scope were discovered. Many perspectives on knowledge and learning could also be found in the studied organization. However, when it came to the knowledge a skilled developer should have, pragmatism became very prominent. / en snabb och kunskapsdriven IT-industri blir företag mer och mer intresserade av att återanvända förvärvad kunskap och bli "lärande organisationer". För att uppnå detta har en del chefer blivit intresserade av att inkorporera "communities of practice" (sv. nätverk) i företages kunskapsstyrningsstrategi. Dessa grupper blir dock ofta mycket mer formella och strukturerade än vad som avsågs i originalkonceptet. Denna studie tittar på främjande faktorer för formaliserade nätverk samt framträdande perspektiv för kunskap och lärande i en större IT-organisation. En kvalitativ fallstudie genomfördes genom blandade metoder på Scania IT. Tre främjande faktorer hittades för lärande genom formaliserade nätverk. Dessa var att ha ett tydligt och gemensamt mål, att få resurser för att kunna uppnå det målet och att vara inkluderande. Vidare hittades ett antal spänningsförhållanden som påverkar hur det formaliserade nätverket kan positionera sitt syfte. Många perspektiv på kunskap och lärande hittades också i den studerade organisationen, men när det gällde den kunskap en skicklig utvecklare förväntades ha blev pragmatismen mycket framträdande.

Syftet med detta arbete är att visa på hur man kan lyfta fram ett genusperspektiv i historieundervisningen och i historieläromedel. Denna studie är baserad på en statlig rapport som utkom år 2010. SOU-rapporten visar på ett alarmerande resultat kring genusuppdelningen i dagens läroböcker i historia. I merparten av böckerna är det fortfarande männens och de övre samhällsskiktens historia som berättas. Detta trots att det idag finns modern forskning att tillgå inom historieforskningen som berättar kvinnornas, barnens och den ordinära människans historia. I denna studie har jag i två olika klasser i grundskolans senare år utfört en enkätundersökning i syfte att se till hur elevernas uppfattning kring genusuppdelningen i läromedlen stämmer överens med det resultat som den statliga rapporten redovisar. Genom en pilotlektion kring kvinnornas 1900-talshistoria och ett temaarbete kopplat till 1900-talets reklam och kommersialismens historia, knutet till den ordinära människans historia, vill jag med denna studie visa på olika undervisningssätt som kan lyfta fram ett genusperspektiv på historien. Resultaten i enkätundersökningen visar framförallt på att flickorna efterlyser en mer genusinriktad och identifieringsbar historieundervisning i skolan idag. / The purpose of this essay is to show how a gender perspective in the teaching of history can be displayed as well as in history educational materials. This study is based on a report runned by the Swedish Government, which was published in 2010. It indicates an alarming result of gender segregation in today´s edcational materials. In the most of the books it is still the men´s history and the history of the upper class society which is being told. This is the given persective, despite the modern research of today which is available in historical research which tells the women, children och and the ordinary human history. In this study I have carried out a survey in two classes to exam´ine if the pupils´ opinion of gender segregation in the books agree with the report from the Government. I held a pilotlesson about the 20th century history of women and a thematic work connected to the 20th century advertising and the history of commersialism connected to the ordinary human history. I will in this study display the various ways of teaching, which can show a gender perspective on history. The results of the survey shows above all that the girls are searching for a more gender adjusted and a more identifiable history education in schools today.

Identifying family strengths is central to early childhood practices. Moving beyond identification to exploring and explicitly applying those strengths can evolve strengths-based and family capacity-building practices. Assessment and planning processes that focus on the strategies families use to help their child learn can give agency to families in this parenting role. This exploratory study examined the perspectives of seven families who participated in an early intervention assessment-to-planning approach that sought to uncover, understand, and utilize the strategies families used to help their child learn and their appraisals of those strategies. Family responses during qualitative interviews were analyzed into three themes: (1) naturalistic observations yield naturalistic understandings, (2) practices that honor family strengths and family fit, and (3) self-discovery and self-affirmation. Implications for evolving family capacity-building approaches are discussed.