Explaining the rising support for right-wing populist parties in Europe during the last decade is an issue that interests both economists, sociologists and political scientists. A number of theories suggest that the rising inflow of migrants to Europe has had an important causal effect on right-wing populist support. However, as migration patterns generally are not exogenous to right-wing populist support, it is difficult to interpret the estimates of a correlation study causally.  In this paper, I exploit a Swedish refugee dispersal program as a natural experiment to estimate the effect of refugee inflow on the support for the right-wing populist party the Sweden Democrats using an instrumental variable strategy. Despite detailed institutional knowledge, I am not able to find support for any short-term effects of refugee inflow on the self-reported preferences for the Sweden Democrats. This goes against the findings of most previous studies.  However, the multicollinearity of some of my covariates are high. In addition, as the program was introduced in 2016, there are few years available for identification. Thus, the precision of the estimates is relatively low and the study would benefit from adding more years to the panel data set.

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Qu’est ce qui explique la faiblesse d’un Etat qui s’est engagé depuis plus de vingt ans à rompre avec les pratiques de l’autoritarisme et du néo-patrimonialisme ? Pourquoi les promesses d’une démocratisation réussie, malgré le soutien massif des acteurs de la « société internationale » ont paradoxalement débouché sur la déstabilisation de l’Etat dans un contexte de crises récurrentes ? Ce sont les interrogations principales qui orientent cette recherche qui se donne pour ambition d’étudier les processus par lesquels les élites et les masses haïtiennes s’approprient la démocratie. De ce point de vue, la démocratisation s’analyse comme une ressource politique et institutionnelle revendiquée par ces dernières comme élément probant de leur adhésion à la grammaire démocratique. Dès lors, il s’agit de scruter les routes sinueuses et chaotiques empruntées par la démocratisation en Haïti, en interrogeant les diverses séquences marquantes de l’histoire politique haïtienne. L’accent est mis sur l’importation des technologies institutionnelles d’origine occidentale, notamment durant la période ouverte en 1994 avec la réinstallation de Jean-Bertrand Aristide dans ses fonctions de président et celle qui commence en 2004 avec son départ forcé du pouvoir. Ces deux séquences historiques, sous-tendues par des plans de reconstruction de l’Etat, sont marquées par la mobilisation de ressources diverses, en vue de jeter les bases d’une nouvelle gouvernance politique et économique. Elles circonscrivent également un champ de représentations conflictuelles, caractérisé par la compétition entre les Etats occidentaux et la lutte pour la répartition des enjeux de puissance entre les organisations internationales et les élites locales. L’analyse du processus de démocratisation conduit à des observations paradoxales : l’exacerbation de la violence, l’actualisation de l’autoritarisme, la multiplication des situations déviantes découlant des stratégies des acteurs locaux. Ces derniers tentent d’échapper aux contraintes imposées par des acteurs externes qui interviennent afin de sanctionner, d’arbitrer et d’imposer des décisions aux factions en luttes pour le pouvoir. Ainsi, la démocratisation passe par des crises d’adaptation, des phases contradictoires de recomposition, d’hybridation des institutions importées et parfois de contournement des normes et procédures. Entre les acteurs internes et externes s’établit et s’organise une dynamique interactive qui influence l’Etat dont la configuration finale est loin de correspondre aux objectifs affichés à travers les réformes engagées. Afin de mieux mettre en évidence les traits distinctifs de cet Etat forgé dans l’incertitude et l’imprécision, la thèse propose de restituer les dynamiques et l’historicité propres à la société haïtienne, en privilégiant l’hypothèse de la réinvention de l’Etat. Paradoxalement, l’État peut être le produit de processus de violence et la part chaotique que comporte la situation en Haïti peut recéler les prémices de sa construction. / What does explain the weakness of a State which has committed more than 20 years to break with the practices of authoritarianism and neo-patrimonialism? Why the promises of a successful democratization, despite the massive support of the actors of the “international society” paradoxically led to the destabilization of the State in the context of recurrent crises? These are the key questions guiding this research, whose ambition is to study the processes by which elites and the Haitian masses appropriate democracy. From this point of view, democratization is analyzed as a political and institutional resource claimed by them as convincing evidence of their adherence to democratic grammar. Therefore, it is scrutinizing the winding roads and chaotic way borrowed by democratization in Haiti, by querying various striking sequences of Haitian political history. Emphasis is placed on the importation of institutional technologies of Western origin, particularly during the period opened in 1994 with the resettlement of Jean-Bertrand Aristide in his duties as president and on the period which starts in 2004 with his forced departure from power. These two historical sequences, underpinned by plans for the reconstruction of the State, are marked by the mobilization of various resources, with a view to laying the foundations for new political and economic governance. They also define a field of conflicting representations, characterized by competition between Western States and the struggle for the distribution of power between the international organizations and local elites issues.The analysis of the process of democratization leads to paradoxical representations: the exacerbation of violence, the updating of authoritarianism, the multiplication of deviant situations arising from the strategies of local actors. The latter are trying to escape from the constraints imposed by external actors involved in order to punish, to arbitrate and to impose decisions on the factions struggling for power. Thus, democratization goes hand in hand with crises of adaptation, contradictory phases of re-composition, hybridization of the imported institutions and, sometimes with circumvention of the standards and procedures. Between internal and external actors are settled and organized interactive dynamics that influence the State of which the final configuration is far short of the objectives set out through the aimed reforms. In order to better highlight the distinguishing features of this State forged in uncertainty and vagueness, the thesis proposes to analyze the dynamics and historicity of Haitian society, privileging, the hypothesis of the reinvention of the State. Paradoxically, the State may be the product of process of violence and the chaotic part that includes the situation in Haiti can conceal the beginning of its construction.

Das erste empirischen Kapitel analysiert die ,Parteieninteraktion’ im Wettbewerb. Parteien sind empfänglich für die Agenda ihrer Mitbewerber. Allerdings sind nicht alle Parteien in gleichem Maße empfänglich. Erfahrung in Koalitionen sollte etablierte Regierungsparteien empfänglicher für Signale der wettbewerblichen Umgebung machen, wohingegen herausfordernde Parteien ihre eigene Agenda antreiben und Veränderungen in der system-internen Salienz von Themenbereichen ignorieren. Weiterhin nehmen die Parteiführungen eine größere Notwendigkeit wahr, auf Konkurrenten zu reagieren und auf der Welle der Themen des Parteisystems mitzuschwimmen. Aktivisten sind stattdessen eher von policy-seeking-Motivationen angetrieben und bevorzugen eher, dass die Partei thematisch einen traditionellen Fokus beibehält. Das zweite empirische Kapitel behandelt die Reichweite von parteilichen Themenkatalogen. Das Argument ist dabei, dass herausfordernde Parteien den Status quo zu ändern suchen, indem sie sich auf wenige Themen fokussieren. Etablierte Parteien verteilen ihre Aufmerksamkeit auf eine Vielzahl von Themen. Weiterhin ändern etablierte Parteien die Reichweite ihrer Agenda, wenn sie mit elektoralen Verlusten konfrontiert, oder von Regierungen ausgeschlossen sind. Parteiführungen versuchen breitgefächert anzusprechen, wohingegen Aktivisten wollen, dass zur Parteibasis gesprochen wird. Der dritte empirische Teil behandelt Innovationen auf dem Markt der politischen Themen. Das Kapitel untersucht der Einfluss von Wählerunterstüzung für grüne, rechtsaußen- und euroskeptische Parteien auf thematische Agenden. Neben Unterstützung für grüne und rechtsaußen Parteien, provoziert auch der Erfolg von euroskeptischen Parteien andere Parteien dazu, ihre thematischen Berücksichtigungsstrategien anzupassen. Dieser Effekt ist konditional und hängt von der Salienz ab, die die herausfordernde Partei dem Thema zumisst. / The first empirical chapter analyses `party interaction' in issue competition. It shows that parties are responsive to the agendas of their competitors. Not all parties are equally responsive. Experience in government coalitions makes mainstream parties more `sensitive' towards their competitive environment whereas challengers push forward their own agendas and ignore systemic salience shifts. Furthermore, party leaders perceive the need for their party to respond to competitors more strongly than do activists. Activists are driven by policy-seeking motivations and would like to see the party focus on its traditional agenda. The second empirical chapter deals with the scope of parties' issue agendas. Why do parties sometimes offer a broad agenda to voters, whereas at other times they confine their policy appeals? Challenger parties seek to change the political status quo by focusing on a few issues only. Mainstream parties distribute their attention across a wide range of issues. Moreover, mainstream parties change the scope of their agenda when after electoral losses or when excluded from office. This depends on intra-party politics. Leaders seek to satisfy vote- and office-seeking motivations and `appeal broadly', activist want the party to `speak to the base'. The third empirical chapter deals with innovations in political issue-markets. It examines how parties respond to the pressure to address new issues. This chapter examines the impact of electoral support for green, far right and Eurosceptic parties on the issue agendas of other parties. In addition to green and far right support, Eurosceptic party success also provokes other parties to adjust their salience strategies. This effect is conditional: if Eurosceptic parties regard European integration issues as particularly important, other parties adapt and shift salience to this issue dimension. For green and far right parties such a conditional effect is absent.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:48:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcelo Alvares de Lima Depieri.pdf: 557114 bytes, checksum: d139de02c820cbd3821912c271d8a16c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The purpose of this paper is to analyse the realtionships between three stabilization plans and their political regimes. The first chapter presents a period of the braszilian industrialization, throughout the Importations Substition Process (ISP), concluding that, in the middle of the fifties and early in the sisties, the Brazilian economics needed some changes to its economic policy, besides it would necessary to realize institutional reforms. Moreover at the first chapter, we will analyse the main properties of the democratic populist regime. The populism was the background of two stabilization plans the Monetary Stabilization Plan (MSP) and the Triennial Plan wich were not implemented. The second chapter will examine the difficulties to apply economic policies of stabilization, at Juscelino Kubistchek s government (with MSP) and also at João Goulart s government with Triennial Plan. The idea is to pay attention to the politic matter, emphasizing the pressures above the governments done by the workers and by the bourgeoisie, not to accomplish the stabilization plans. At last, the third chapter will discuss the relation between the regime of exception settled in Brazil since 1964 and the accomplishment of the economic policies at that time, interlacing Castelo Branco s government authoritarian regime with the plan of economic satabilization by Campos and Bulhões the government Economic Action Program / Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as relações entre três planos de estabilização e seus regimes políticos. No primeiro capítulo apresentar-se-á um período da industrialização brasileira, via Processo de Substituição de Importações (PSI), concluindo que em meados dos anos 50 e início dos anos 60 a economia brasileira necessitava de algumas mudanças na política econômica e que seria necessário realizar reformas institucionais. Ainda no primeiro capítulo analisaremos as principais características do regime democrático populista. O populismo foi pano de fundo para dois planos de estabilização, o Plano de Estabilização Monetária (PEM) e o Plano Trienal, os quais não foram implementados. O segundo capítulo examinará as dificuldades para a aplicação de políticas econômicas de estabilização nos governos de Juscelino Kubistchek com o PEM e de João Goulart com o Plano Trienal. A idéia é chamar atenção para o fator político ressaltando as pressões da classe trabalhadora e da burguesia nos governos para a não efetivação dos planos de estabilização. Por fim, no terceiro capítulo, discutir-se-á a relação entre o regime de exceção instalado no Brasil a partir de 1964 e a execução das políticas econômicas da época, entrelaçando o regime autoritário do Governo Castelo Branco com o plano de estabilização econômica de Campos e Bulhões, o Programa de Ação Econômica do Governo (PAEG)

Topic of the thesis is the image of Czech far-right parties in Czech media prior to Elections to Chamber of Deputies in 2017. Aim of the thesis is to investigate how media displays far-right parties prior to the Elections in 2017, what the topics of media coverage are in regards of far- right and how the topics changed in the Elections in 2017 comparing with Elections in 2013. Using quantitative content analysis the thesis monitors texts with far-right topics in national daily newspapers Mladá fronta DNES, Lidové noviny, Právo and Hospodářské noviny in the periods prior to the Elections to Chamber of Deputies in 2017 and 2013. Author also uses qualitative analysis of specific texts. The parties followed in thesis are chosen based on definition of far-right by Cas Mudde and definition of right wing populism by Hans-Georg Betz. In the period prior to the Elections in 2017 the followed parties are: Dělnická strana sociální spravedlnosti; ROZUMNÍ - stop migraci a diktátu EU - peníze našim občanům, důchodcům, dětem, zdravotně postiženým; Svoboda a přímá demokracie - Tomio Okamura; Blok proti islamizaci - Obrana domova; Sdružení pro republiku - Republikánská strana Československa Miroslava Sládka and Řád národa - Vlastenecká unie. In the period prior to the Elections in 2013 the focus is on parties Úsvit...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:18:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marta Reyes Gil Passos.pdf: 73710210 bytes, checksum: 87936d518a0a70a86bd54c3771ed16c5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-26 / This research examines the figurative and thematic project of Última Hora newspaper in the early 1950s, circumscribed to the construction of the people s, crowds and multitudes visibility within the visual/verbal spaciality and to the operation of the communication contract between enunciator and enunciatee. In this newspaper, we examined editions containing facts that gathered multitudes, such as the 300 thousand strike in São Paulo, the section called Tendinha de Reclamações (Stand for complaints) and the editions after Getulio Vargas suicide with a view to understanding the communication contract in the context of a populist government. The analytical methodology involves discoursive analysis of visual and written texts. Última Hora newspaper became a landmark in the Brazilian press history; other newspapers analysed for comparison, such as the ones that belong to the Folhas corporation and O Estado de S. Paulo, adopted other ways to construct such themes in a communication contract which priorized an enunciatee more interested in international issues rather than Brazilian workers claims. In view of the themes examined, we stated the following problem: how and to what extent Última Hora newspaper, while constructing another visuality for the crowds, proposed new communication contracts different from the newspapers at the time? The subject is Última Hora newspaper, São Paulo branch, especially involving the covers of several sections, as well as pages or backcovers with specific topics, time-limited between 1952, the year of the branch foundation, and 1955. Such period of time was selected because, mainly from 1952 to 1954, the mass manifestations were very much present in the newspaper contents. For this research, we used the following methodological procedures: a survey on the pages of the proposed newspapers, bibliographical and internet research, detailed examination of news reports, founding the study on authors from the communication and social history areas, such as Patrick Charaudeau, Elias Canetti, Boris Fausto, Octavio Ianni, Jorge Ferreira, Maria Celina D Araujo, among others. This research seeks to understand the connecting processes between the political context, the public power and the people by means of the communication on media vehicles / Esta pesquisa examina o projeto figurativo e temático do jornal Última Hora no início da década de 1950, circunscrito à construção da visibilidade do povo, das massas e das multidões na espacialidade visual/verbal e ao funcionamento do contrato de comunicação entre enunciador e enunciatário. No periódico foram examinadas edições contendo fatos que reuniram multidões, como a greve dos 300 mil em São Paulo, a seção Tendinha de Reclamações e as edições dos dias posteriores ao suicídio de Getúlio Vargas, com a finalidade de entender o contrato de comunicação no ambiente do governo populista. A metodologia analítica envolve análise discursiva de textos. O jornal Última Hora constituiu um marco na história da imprensa brasileira; outros jornais analisados a título de comparação, como os do grupo Folhas e O Estado de S. Paulo, adotavam outros modos de construção destes temas em um contrato de comunicação que privilegiava um enunciatário mais interessado nas questões internacionais e menos nas reivindicações operárias nacionais. Formulamos, em decorrência dos temas examinados, a seguinte problemática: como e em que grau o jornal Última Hora, ao construir outra visualidade das massas, propôs novos contratos de comunicação diferenciados dos jornais da época? O corpus é constituído pelo jornal Última Hora, sucursal de São Paulo, envolvendo especialmente as capas das diversas seções e páginas ou contra-capas com temáticas específicas, recortadas temporalmente entre 1952, ano de fundação da sucursal, e 1955. Foi selecionado este percurso temporal porque, especialmente de 1952 a 1954, as mobilizações populares estiveram bastante presentes no jornal. Para esta pesquisa, tomamos os seguintes procedimentos metodológicos: levantamento de amostragens de páginas dos jornais propostos, pesquisa bibliográfica e eletrônica, exame das reportagens, fundamentando o estudo em autores da comunicação e da historiografia sociológica, como Patrick Charaudeau, Elias Canetti, Boris Fausto, Octavio Ianni, Jorge Ferreira, Maria Celina D Araujo, entre outros. Esta pesquisa busca compreender os processos de conexão entre ambiência política, o poder público e o povo através da comunicação em veículos midiáticos

[pt] Criados para ampliar o apoio popular em relação a determinadas lideranças, os jornais Última Hora, O Dia e Luta Democrática tiveram atuação importante durante o segundo governo Vargas como intermediários entre o público e os líderes políticos aos quais estavam ligados (respectivamente, Getúlio Vargas, Ademar de Barros/Chagas Freitas e Tenório Cavalcanti). Neste sentido, a linguagem sensacionalista presente nestes jornais foi elemento fundamental no exercício do papel de defensores do povo encarnado pelos três veículos. Através do sensacionalismo, estes jornais forjaram sua identificação com as classes populares e disseminaram a retórica populista. A presente análise tem como objetivo revelar a especificidade da interseção entre linguagem sensacionalista e linguagem política presente nestes periódicos. / [en] Newspapers Última Hora, O Dia and Luta Democrática were founded with the purpose of expanding popular support for certain leaderships and played an important role as intermediaries between the public and the political leaders to whom they were connected during Vargas` second term (Getúlio Vargas, Ademar de Barros/Chagas Freitas and Tenório Cavalcanti, respectively). In this sense, the sensationalistic language used by these newspapers was an essential element in the forging of their roles as defenders of the people. It was through sensationalism that these papers fabricated their identification with the popular classes and disseminated their populistic rhetoric. The present analysis proposes to show the specificity of the intersection between sensationalistic language and political language presented by these newspapers.

The Nordic countries are geographically, culturally and politically close, and have all witnessed an upsurge in support for radical right-wing parties over the past decades. Although the five parties: the Danish People’s Party, the Finns Party, the Icelandic Progressive Party, the Norwegian Progress Party, and the Sweden Democrats, are different when it comes to party history and how accepted they have been by other parties, they are today similar in their anti-immigration rhetoric, their critique of the established elites and to some extent their welfare chauvinism. According to theories on radical right-wing parties and environmental attitudes, caring for nature and the environment would make a person less probable to vote for a radical right-wing party. Using data from the European Social Survey, the relationship between environmental attitudes and radical right-wing support is examined. The initial results support this thesis, but when adding control variables the relationship is no longer significant. However, when looking at the countries separately, it shows that the relationship between environmental values and radical right-wing voting varies across the Nordic countries. Here, Norway stands out as the country with the strongest negative relationship between environmental values and support for radical right-wing parties.

A proposta geral deste trabalho é realizar uma leitura das articulações com a psicanálise que permeiam a conceitualização do populismo de Ernesto Laclau. Em particular, detém-se na análise das dimensões teóricas centrais da concepção da representação da teoria da hegemonia que nos permitem pensar a identidade política popular como uma configuração discursiva que supõe uma transformação subjetiva específica, na qual se passa da demanda social à construção de uma vontade coletiva. Neste sentido, iremos analisar as dimensões da nominação e do afeto da teoria da hegemonia à luz de certas conceptualizações freudianas e lacanianas, como o conceito de sobredeterminação, objeto de desejo, point de capiton ou significante amo e gozo. / This work aims to analyze how the conceptualization of populism of Ernesto Laclau is related to psychoanalysis. Particularly, we focus on the main theoretical dimensions of the conceptualization of representation in the theory of hegemony, which allows us to interpret the popular political identity as a discursive setting that assumes a particular subjective change, departing from social demand to the building of a new collective will. Thus we will tackle aspects of nomination and affect in the theory of hegemony in light of some Freudian and Lacanian conceptualizations, such as overdetermination, object of desire, anchoring point (point de capiton), master signifier and joy.