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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
241

Path Choice Estimation in Urban Rails : Asimulation based optimisation for frequency-based assignment model / Vägvalsestimering i Kollektivtrafiken : En simuleringsbaserad optimering för frekvensbaserade transportmodell

Adolfsson, Alexander January 2022 (has links)
Transit system have a large importance in modern urban cities, with urban rail often acting as the central system with it efficient travel time and great capacity. As cities grow in population, so to does the usage of urban rail resulting in increased crowding on the platform and in the trains. Since crowding level is directly correlated to the experience of travel as well as a safety issue, much research has been done to improve it. Currently its common to utilise transit assignment models (TAM) to evaluate and research transit system but for them to work optimally requires weight parameters connected to perceived time spent on the journey. To get the weight parameters for a system requires surveys to be preformed which is costly and not always possible. Therefor its attractive to find these weights through optimisation using available data. Most transit system uses automated fare collection (AFC), which can be used to create origin-destination (OD) data, and automated vehicle location (AVL) together with link-load data. This project aims to develop a simulation-based optimisation (SBO) that automatically finds the weights for a frequency-based assignment model using OD and link-load as input arguments. The SBO will evaluate five different algorithm, genetic algorithm (GA), simulated annealing (SA), Nelder-Mead method (NM), simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation (SPSA), and Bayesian optimisation (BO), using a fitness model based on KolmogorovSmirnov test. Synthetic data was implemented to evaluate the algorithms where result needed to be within a margin of error of the set weight. No algorithm was however able to converge during the simulation, therefor not optimising the weights to within the margin of error. A longer simulation was evaluated to see if the length needed to reach convergence was to short but achieved the same results. While the cause was not found, the standard deviation of the TAM could be the problem since the deviation was larger than the change of weight parameters achieved. Even if this project could not achieve its objective of developing a SBO method, it can be used for future research and work as a guide on further development on TAM research. / Transportsystem har en stor påverkan i moderna städer, specifikt tunnelbanan som ofta agerar som det centrala systemet med dess snabba transport samt stora kapacitet. Alltmedan städer växer i befolkning så ökar användandet av tunnelbanan vilket resulterar till trängsel både på plattformen och på tåget. Trängsel är väl studerat inom forskningen då den direkt påverkar den upplevda trivseln samt säkerheten på plattformen. Nuförtiden är det vanligt att använda sig av transport modeller för att undersöka och forska om transportsystemet men modellerna kräver viktparametrar kopplade till den uppfattade tiden man har för att fungera. Vanligtvis behöver man utföra undersökningar för att ta reda på vad viktparametrarna är men det är både dyrt och komplicerat. Därför vill man kunna få fram dessa vikter genom att optimera kända data. De flesta transportsystem använder sig av automatiska biljettsystem (AFC), vilket kan användas för att skapa start-stop (OD) data, och automatisk fordonslokalisering (AVL) tillsammans med länk-belastningsdata. Detta projekts syfte är att utveckla en simuleringsbaserad optimering (SBO) som automatiskt hittar vikterna för en frekvensbaserad transportmodell genom att använda OD- och länk-belastningsdata som argument. SBO kommer att undersöka fem olika algoritmer, genetic algorithm (GA), simulated annealing (SA), Nelder-Mead method (NM), simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation (SPSA), and Bayesian optimisation (BO), tillsammans med en objektfunktion baserad på Kolmogorov-Smirnov testet. Syntetiskt data användes för att utvärdera algoritmerna, där resultatet behövde vara inom en viss marginal av de satta vikterna. Inga algoritmer konvergerade vilket resulterade att deras resultat inte var inom marginalen. Ett längre test var utfört då konvergensen kunde ha skett senare men det blev samma resultat som tidigare. Anledningen kunde inte finnas men sannolikt var det TAM standardavvikelse som var del av felet då den var större än en förändring av viktparametrarna skapade. Även om detta projekt inte kunde uppnå sitt mål kan den användas för fortsatt arbete inom området och vara som guide för framtida utvecklingar.
242

Development and Evaluation of an Integrated Approach to Study In-Bus Exposure Using Data Mining and Artificial Intelligence Methods

Kadiyala, Akhil 24 September 2012 (has links)
No description available.
243

Den upplevda tryggheten på Uppsala Centralstation / The Perceived Safety at Uppsala Central Station

Kaya, Lori January 2024 (has links)
Denna uppsats undersöker den upplevda tryggheten på Uppsala Centralstation med utgångspunkt i besökarnas personliga upplevelser. Syftet med studien är att förstå hur besökare upplever tryggheten på Uppsala Centralstation och att identifiera de faktorer som påverkar dessa upplevelser. Studien syftar till att besvara huvudfrågan: Hur upplever besökare tryggheten på Uppsala Centralstation? Forskningsmetodiken innefattade en enkät som delades ut till besökare under en specificerad tidsperiod. Enkäten samlade in demografisk information, besöksmönster och subjektiva bedömningar av tryggheten i olika delar av stationen vid olika tider på dygnet. Resultaten visar att den generella upplevelsen av trygghet på Uppsala Centralstation är neutral, men det finns betydande variationer beroende på tid på dygnet och specifika områden. Centralpassagen, Frodeparken och parkeringsgaraget identifierades som områden där besökare känner sig minst trygga, främst med anledning av bristande belysning och närvaron av störande individer. Studien lyfter fram att de mest betydande faktorerna som påverkar den upplevda tryggheten inkluderar närvaron av störande personer, tillgängligheten av säkerhetspersonal och belysningsförhållandena. För att förbättra tryggheten föreslås åtgärder som att öka antalet patrullerande poliser eller väktare, förbättra belysningen och installera fler övervakningskameror. Uppsatsen konkluderar att även om objektiva säkerhetsåtgärder som förbättrad belysning och ökad säkerhetsnärvaro är viktiga, är det avgörande att adressera både fysiska och sociala faktorer för att förbättra den övergripande upplevelsen av trygghet på Uppsala Centralstation. Framtida forskning bör överväga att inkludera brottsstatistik och jämföra Uppsala Centralstation med andra liknande stationer för att identifiera gemensamma problem och effektiva lösningar. / This report examines the perceived safety at Uppsala Central Station, focusing on visitors’ personal experiences of the station area. The purpose of the study is to understand how visitors perceive safety at the station and to identify the factors influencing these perceptions. The study aims to answer the primary research question: how do visitors perceive safety at Uppsala Central Station? The research methodology involved a survey distributed to visitors during a specified period. The survey gathered demographic information, visiting patterns, and subjective assessments of safety across different areas of the station at various times of the day. The findings indicate that while the general perception of safety at Uppsala Central Station is neutral, there are significant temporal and spatial variations. The Central Passage, Frodeparken, and the parking garage were identified as areas where visitors feel most unsafe, primarily due to inadequate lighting and the presence of disruptive individuals. The study highlights that key factors influencing perceived safety include the presence of disruptive individuals, the availability of security personnel, and lighting conditions. Recommendations for enhancing safety include increasing the number of patrolling police officers or security guards, improving lighting, and installing additional surveillance cameras.  The report concludes that while objective safety measures such as improved lighting and increased security presence are essential, addressing both physical and social factors is crucial for enhancing the overall perception of safety at Uppsala Central Station. Future research should consider incorporating crime statistics and comparing Uppsala Central Station with other similar stations to identify common issues and effective solutions.
244

Exploring Battery-Electric Propulsion in Stockholm's Public Maritime Transport : A Case Study of the Conceptual Passenger Vessel Dagsmeja / Analys av batterielektrisk framdrivning för Stockholms offentliga sjötransporter : En fallstudie av det konceptuella passagerarfartyget Dagsmeja

Lenstrup, Anton, Pending, Robert January 2024 (has links)
Decarbonizing Sweden’s transport sector is crucial to achieving Sweden’s greenhouse gas reduction goals until 2030 and 2045 as it accounts for one-third of Sweden’s total domestic greenhouse gas emissions. Among the transport sector, maritime vessels are an example that needs to be decarbonized and, as a response, electric solutions have risen as one solution due to the potential benefits, such as greenhouse gas reductions and improved air quality. Thus, investigating how battery-electric propulsion can assist in the transition toward a sustainable maritime sector is of significance. Considering this, the thesis investigates the opportunities and trade-offs between diesel and battery-electric propulsion for a conceptual passenger vessel in the Stockholm archipelago. More specifically, the thesis evaluates technical, environmental, and economic aspects of distinct battery-electric and diesel propulsion alternatives through a life cycle assessment study and life cycle costing analysis. The conducted thesis demonstrates the potential viability of battery-electric propulsion for Stockholm’s public transport. Implementing battery-electric vessels reduces carbon dioxide emissions and pollutants, but results in higher environmental contribution in other areas such as ecotoxicity and land use. Economically, considering the distinct differences between the configurations and without taking into account infrastructure expenses, the battery-electric configurations offer lower long-term costs despite higher initial investments. In addition, the thesis discusses maritime electrification in a broader context, highlighting aspects outside of the study’s scope such as charging infrastructure, social issues related to battery metal extractions, and geopolitical concerns. Therefore, by addressing technical, environmental, economic, as well as other impacts, this thesis provides essential insight from a holistic perspective, guiding policymakers and stakeholders toward a greener future. / Att minska koldioxidutsläppen i Sveriges transportsektor är avgörande för att uppnå Sveriges miljömål med fokus på växthusgaser till 2030 och 2045 eftersom den står för en tredjedel av Sveriges totala inhemska utsläpp av växthusgaser. Inom transportsektorn är fartyg ett exempel som behöver minska sina koldioxidutsläpp och som en respons har batterielektrisk drift kommit upp som en lösning med tanke på de potentiella fördelarna som det kan ge upphov till såsom minskning av växthusgaser och förbättrad luftkvalitet. Med hänsyn till detta undersöker denna avhandling möjligheterna och avvägningarna mellan diesel och batterielektrisk framdrivning för ett konceptuellt passagerarfartyg i Stockholms skärgård. Mer specifikt utvärderar avhandlingen tekniska, miljömässiga och ekonomiska aspekter av distinkta batterielektriska- och dieselframdrivningsalternativ genom en livscykelanalys och livscykelkostnadsanalys. Det genomförda examensarbetet visar den potentiella betydelsen av batteridriven framdrivning för Stockholms maritima kollektivtrafik. Att implementera batterielektriska fartyg minskar exempelvis koldioxidutsläpp och luftföroreningar, men ger upphov till en högre miljömässig påverkan inom andra områden såsom ekotoxicitet och markanvändning. Ur ett ekonomiskt perspektiv och med ett fokus på distinkta skillnader mellan konfigurationerna samt utan att ta hänsyn till kostnader inom infrastruktur erbjuder de batterielektriska konfigurationerna lägre långsiktiga kostnader trots högre initiala investeringar. Dessutom diskuterar avhandlingen marin elektrifiering i ett bredare sammanhang och lyfter fram aspekter utanför studiens avgränsningar såsom laddningsinfrastruktur, sociala frågor relaterat till batterimetallutvinning och geopolitiska problem. Med det sagt, genom att ta upp tekniska, miljömässiga, ekonomiska och andra relevanta effekter ger denna avhandling insikter ur ett holistiskt perspektiv som kan vägleda beslutsfattare och intressenter mot en grönare framtid.
245

Der ÖPNV überwindet Grenzen!

Molter, Uli 26 March 2012 (has links) (PDF)
Problemstellung Kooperationsstrukturen grenzüberschreitender Nahverkehrsangebote sind bislang nur zu Einzelvorhaben untersucht und beschrieben worden. Es fehlte bislang eine vergleichende, typologisierende und systematisierende Untersuchung. Die besondere Herausforderung grenzüberschreitender Nahverkehrsplanung und -organisation liegt in der starken Verankerung des ÖPNV in nationalen Strukturen und Hierarchien. Besonders der fortwährende Annäherungsprozess an der deutsch-tschechischen Grenze stellt die Akteure vor große Herausforderungen. Forschungsfrage: Wer sind in unterschiedlichen Regionen die Akteure grenzüberschreitender Planungs- und Organisationsprozesse im öffentlichen Nahverkehr, wie und aus welchen Gründen gestalten sie die notwendigen Interaktionsprozesse vor dem Hintergrund ihrer Motive und Ressourcen? Vorgehensweise Ausgehend von eine theoretischen Fundierung in den Bereichen ÖPNV-Planung, Netzwerken und grenzüberschreitenden Kooperationen sind anhand eines Leitfadens insgesamt 43 Experteninterviews in deutscher und tschechischer Sprache in Salzburg, dem Berchtesgadener Land, Nordböhmen (Liberecký kraj, Ústecký kraj und Karlovarský kraj) sowie Südsachsen durchgeführt worden. Im Sinne einer qualitativen Netzwerkanalyse konnten insgesamt 23 Projekte und Vorhaben (davon 14 im sächsisch-tschechischen Raum) analysiert werden. Ergebnisse Ausgehend vom aktuellen ÖPNV-Angebot auf den grenzüberschreitenden Linien konnten unterschiedliche Angebotsstrukturen in themenbezogener Weise typologisiert werden. Zu unterscheiden sind partielle und verbundähnliche Kooperationen. Eine Erweiterung dieser Typisierung durch eine zielbezogene Strukturierung und Einbeziehung der Akteurs- und Interaktionsmodi liefert drei grundlegende Kooperationsstrukturen: Die problemlösungsorientierte, innersphärische Kooperation, die projektbezogene Kooperation (zielbezogene Umsetzung) und die entwicklungsorientierte, integrierte Kooperation. Querschnittsorientierte Ergebnisse Im Zuge der Interviewauswertung konnte eine Vielzahl an querschnittsorientierten Erkenntnissen gewonnen werden, die für die zukünftige Gestaltung grenzüberschreitender ÖPNV-Vorhaben handlungsleitend sein können. Die Erkenntnisse richten sich u.a. auf die Relevanz von Vertrauen, die Problematik fehlender Kongruenzen, zeitliche Aspekte sowie Unsicherheiten bzgl. Traditionen, Eigenarten und Hierarchien. Wissenschaftlich-methodische Ergebnisse Die Werkzeuge und Methoden der qualitativen Netzwerkanalyse konnten gewinnbringend im grenzüberschreitenden Kontext angewendet werden, wodurch ebenfalls ein Beitrag zur Überwindung des methodologischen Nationalismus geleistet wurde. Die qualitative Analyse von Einzelbeispielen liefert wichtige Hinweise für eine eher quantitativ-standardisierte Erhebungen einer größeren Anzahl von grenzüberschreitenden ÖPNV-Vorhaben. Nationale Organisationsmodelle des ÖPNV wurden diskutiert und um eine grenzüberschreitenden Komponente erweitert. Dadurch steht nun eine Darstellungsmethode für vergleichende Analysen zur Verfügung und grenzüberschreitende Organisationsstrukturen des ÖPNV zwischen nationalen Kontexten können systematisch verstanden und erklärt werden. Inhaltlich-anwendungsbezogene Ergebnisse Erstmals steht eine vergleichende Darstellung unterschiedlichster grenzüberschreitender Linien und Vorhaben in Bezug auf ihre Genese und Geschichte, ihrer regionalen Einbettung und ihrer ÖPNV-bezogenen Funktion zur Verfügung. Die den oft rudimentären grenzüberschreitenden ÖPNV-Angeboten und ihrer Einbindung in nationale Systeme zugrunde liegenden Problemstrukturen können besser verstanden werden. Die Blackbox der Gestaltung ÖPNV-bezogener Kooperationsstrukturen wird aufgebrochen. Die genaue Analyse der Netzwerkbeziehungen mit der qualitativen Ergänzung führt zu einem besseren Verständnis grenzüberschreitender ÖPNV-Strukturen durch verantwortliche Akteure in Politik und Verwaltung und erleichtert damit die politische und verwaltungsbezogene Unterstützung grenzüberschreitender Vorhaben vor Ort. Ergänzend wird der Handlungsbedarf auf regionaler, nationaler und europäischer Ebene hinsichtlich notwendiger rechtlich-organisatorischer Rahmenbedingungen für eine Vereinfachung grenzüberschreitender ÖPNV-Vorhaben skizziert. Fazit Die Arbeit liefert eine vergleichende ÖPNV-bezogene Darstellung zweier sehr unterschiedlicher Regionen im Mitteleuropa. Akteure im ÖPNV finden darin systematische Darstellungen der rechtlich-organisatorischen Rahmenbedingungen in den untersuchten Räumen und können den Umgang der Akteure vor Ort mit diesem institutionellen Kontext verstehen. Flexible, unkonventionelle und strategisch bedeutsame Lösungsansätze können nachgeschlagen und aufgrund der Modellbildung hinsichtlich ihrer Anwendbarkeit und Übertragbarkeit überprüft werden. Gerade für den sich weiter im Transformationsprozess befindlichen sächsisch-tschechischen Grenzraum liefert die Arbeit im Sinne des europäischen Kohäsionsprozesses umfangreiche Grundlagen, zukünftige Kooperationen im ÖPNV erfolgreich für alle Seiten zu gestalten.
246

社会資本整備の長期的最適戦略に関する研究

奥野, 信宏 03 1900 (has links)
科学研究費補助金 研究種目:基盤研究(C) 課題番号:12630097 研究代表者:奥野 信宏 研究期間:2000-2001年度
247

Solidariedade e responsabilidade : o tratamento jurídico dos efeitos da criminalidade violenta no transporte público de pessoas no Brasil

Corrêa, André Rodrigues January 2008 (has links)
Ce travail essaie d’analyser l’affirmation courante dans la dogmatique brésilienne de ce que les règles de la responsabilité civile objective sont destinées à concrétiser la valeur de la solidarité sociale inscrite dans la Constitution Fédérale du Brésil (article 3, III, in fine) et la directrice de la socialité présente dans le Code Civil de 2002. L’étude commence par la description d’un risque social – la criminalité urbaine violente – et par la présentation de la relation entre une certaine forme historique de manifestation de ce risque et de l’augmentation des cas judiciaires concernant la responsabilité des entreprises de transport urbain pour dommages subis par leurs passagers à cause d’actes violents pratiqués par des tiers lors du trajet. Dans la deuxième partie, on présente les origines du discours de solidarisme juridique et les influences de celui-là sur certaines constructions dogmatiques concernant le phénomène de la responsabilité civile. Finalement, ayant pour base des recherches menées à propos de la jurisprudence de deux tribunaux supérieurs brésiliens (le Supremo Tribunal Federal et le Superior Tribunal de Justiça) on analyse le fond de ces décisions, essayant d’identifier à quel point le discours théorique de la dogmatique est effectivement incorporé au moment de l’application des concepts juridiques implicite dans certains problèmes concrets. / O presente trabalho pretende analisar a afirmação corrente, na dogmática civilística brasileira, de que as regras da responsabilidade civil objetiva se destinam a concretizar o valor da solidariedade social inscrito na Constituição Federal (art. 3º, III, in fine) e a diretriz da socialidade presente no Código Civil de 2002. O estudo é feito, inicialmente, por meio da descrição de um risco social – criminalidade urbana violenta – e da apresentação da relação entre uma determinada forma histórica de manifestação desse risco e o aumento dos casos judiciais envolvendo a responsabilidade das empresas de transporte urbano em face de danos sofridos por seus passageiros em razão de atos violentos praticados por terceiros durante o trajeto. Em um segundo momento, são apresentadas as origens do discurso do solidarismo jurídico e as influências desse sobre certas construções dogmáticas relativas ao fenômeno da responsabilidade civil. Por fim, com base em pesquisa realizada sobre a jurisprudência dos dois tribunais superiores brasileiros (Supremo Tribunal Federal e Superior Tribunal de Justiça), realizou-se a análise de conteúdo das decisões, buscando identificar em que medida o discurso teórico da dogmática é efetivamente incorporado no momento da aplicação dos conceitos jurídicos implicados no tratamento de determinados problemas concretos. / This text aims at analyzing the current belief held by the authors of the Brazilian dogmatic of civil law, that rules concerning objective civil responsibility must realize the value of social solidarity described by the Federal Constitution (Article 3, III, in fine) and the principle of sociality presented by the Civil Code of 2002. The study is done initially through the description of a social risk – violent urban criminality – and the presentation of a relationship between a certain historical form this risk takes and the increase in legal cases involving the responsibility of public transportation companies for damage incurred upon their passengers due to violent acts practiced by third parties on the itinerary. In the second part, we present the origins of the discourse of legal solidarism, and its influence upon certain dogmatic constructions concerning the phenomenon of civil responsibility. Finally, based on research done about the jurisprudence of two Brazilian superior tribunals (the Supremo Tribunal Federal and the Superior Tribunal de Justiça), we analyze the contents of those decisions, aiming at identifying to what extent the theoretical discourse of dogmatic is actually incorporated into the moment of applying the legal concepts implicit in the treatment of certain concrete problems.
248

AVALIAÇÃO DO GRAU DE SATISFAÇÃO DO USUÁRIO DE SERVIÇOS PÚBLICOS NA REGIÃO DO GRANDE ABCD

Pouget, Natacha Irene Renée 28 February 2013 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-02T21:42:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Natacha Irene Renee Pouget.pdf: 540043 bytes, checksum: 7d933947a120e712ae267b7ee71b2c78 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-28 / The research in business and public administration has been intensified in Brazil, seeking to review the old patrimonial, bureaucratic and managerial models. It shows a new trend towards participatory management and the relationship of this model with the satisfaction that users attribute to the State. Knowing the degree of user satisfaction is important to guide the development and implementation of further public policies. In this context, this paper aims to assess the degree of satisfaction of users of some public services in the Greater ABCD Region. The research is limited to inhabitants of the cities of Santo André, São Bernardo do Campo, São Caetano do Sul and Diadema. It is a descriptive study where statistical tools were used to compare the degree of satisfaction among the cities studied. A questionnaire, adapted from a Federal Government survey, was employed to collect the data. The questions were developed and grouped into four categories: Transportation, Health, Education and Public Safety. According to the average figures, it was observed that the municipality of São Caetano presents higher scores of satisfaction compared to the other cities surveyed. It was also noted that some of these municipalities have, on average, similar results in some components........................................................... / No Brasil pesquisadores vêm intensificando suas pesquisas na área da administração e administração pública, procurando rever os modelos antigos (patrimonialista, gerencialista e burocrático), evidenciando uma nova tendência de gestão participativa e a relação destes modelos com o grau de satisfação que os usuários de serviços públicos atribuem ao Estado. Conhecer esse grau de satisfação é um fator relevante na elaboração e implementação das políticas públicas. Neste contexto, este trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar o grau de satisfação do usuário de alguns serviços públicos na região do Grande ABCD. O universo da pesquisa limitase aos moradores dos municípios de Santo André, São Bernardo do Campo, São Caetano e Diadema. A pesquisa, de caráter descritivo, utilizou ferramentas estatísticas para comparar o grau de satisfação entre os municípios estudados. Para a coleta de dados foi aplicado um questionário adaptado de um instrumento de pesquisa utilizado pelo Governo Federal e composto por questões que foram desenvolvidas e agrupadas em quatro dimensões: Transporte, Saúde, Educação e Segurança Pública. Trabalhando com as médias foi possível observar que o município de São Caetano do Sul apresenta algumas diferenças (escores superiores no grau de satisfação) em relação aos demais municípios pesquisados, e também, que alguns desses municípios demonstram, em média, resultados próximos em algumas dimensões.
249

Solidariedade e responsabilidade : o tratamento jurídico dos efeitos da criminalidade violenta no transporte público de pessoas no Brasil

Corrêa, André Rodrigues January 2008 (has links)
Ce travail essaie d’analyser l’affirmation courante dans la dogmatique brésilienne de ce que les règles de la responsabilité civile objective sont destinées à concrétiser la valeur de la solidarité sociale inscrite dans la Constitution Fédérale du Brésil (article 3, III, in fine) et la directrice de la socialité présente dans le Code Civil de 2002. L’étude commence par la description d’un risque social – la criminalité urbaine violente – et par la présentation de la relation entre une certaine forme historique de manifestation de ce risque et de l’augmentation des cas judiciaires concernant la responsabilité des entreprises de transport urbain pour dommages subis par leurs passagers à cause d’actes violents pratiqués par des tiers lors du trajet. Dans la deuxième partie, on présente les origines du discours de solidarisme juridique et les influences de celui-là sur certaines constructions dogmatiques concernant le phénomène de la responsabilité civile. Finalement, ayant pour base des recherches menées à propos de la jurisprudence de deux tribunaux supérieurs brésiliens (le Supremo Tribunal Federal et le Superior Tribunal de Justiça) on analyse le fond de ces décisions, essayant d’identifier à quel point le discours théorique de la dogmatique est effectivement incorporé au moment de l’application des concepts juridiques implicite dans certains problèmes concrets. / O presente trabalho pretende analisar a afirmação corrente, na dogmática civilística brasileira, de que as regras da responsabilidade civil objetiva se destinam a concretizar o valor da solidariedade social inscrito na Constituição Federal (art. 3º, III, in fine) e a diretriz da socialidade presente no Código Civil de 2002. O estudo é feito, inicialmente, por meio da descrição de um risco social – criminalidade urbana violenta – e da apresentação da relação entre uma determinada forma histórica de manifestação desse risco e o aumento dos casos judiciais envolvendo a responsabilidade das empresas de transporte urbano em face de danos sofridos por seus passageiros em razão de atos violentos praticados por terceiros durante o trajeto. Em um segundo momento, são apresentadas as origens do discurso do solidarismo jurídico e as influências desse sobre certas construções dogmáticas relativas ao fenômeno da responsabilidade civil. Por fim, com base em pesquisa realizada sobre a jurisprudência dos dois tribunais superiores brasileiros (Supremo Tribunal Federal e Superior Tribunal de Justiça), realizou-se a análise de conteúdo das decisões, buscando identificar em que medida o discurso teórico da dogmática é efetivamente incorporado no momento da aplicação dos conceitos jurídicos implicados no tratamento de determinados problemas concretos. / This text aims at analyzing the current belief held by the authors of the Brazilian dogmatic of civil law, that rules concerning objective civil responsibility must realize the value of social solidarity described by the Federal Constitution (Article 3, III, in fine) and the principle of sociality presented by the Civil Code of 2002. The study is done initially through the description of a social risk – violent urban criminality – and the presentation of a relationship between a certain historical form this risk takes and the increase in legal cases involving the responsibility of public transportation companies for damage incurred upon their passengers due to violent acts practiced by third parties on the itinerary. In the second part, we present the origins of the discourse of legal solidarism, and its influence upon certain dogmatic constructions concerning the phenomenon of civil responsibility. Finally, based on research done about the jurisprudence of two Brazilian superior tribunals (the Supremo Tribunal Federal and the Superior Tribunal de Justiça), we analyze the contents of those decisions, aiming at identifying to what extent the theoretical discourse of dogmatic is actually incorporated into the moment of applying the legal concepts implicit in the treatment of certain concrete problems.
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Solidariedade e responsabilidade : o tratamento jurídico dos efeitos da criminalidade violenta no transporte público de pessoas no Brasil

Corrêa, André Rodrigues January 2008 (has links)
Ce travail essaie d’analyser l’affirmation courante dans la dogmatique brésilienne de ce que les règles de la responsabilité civile objective sont destinées à concrétiser la valeur de la solidarité sociale inscrite dans la Constitution Fédérale du Brésil (article 3, III, in fine) et la directrice de la socialité présente dans le Code Civil de 2002. L’étude commence par la description d’un risque social – la criminalité urbaine violente – et par la présentation de la relation entre une certaine forme historique de manifestation de ce risque et de l’augmentation des cas judiciaires concernant la responsabilité des entreprises de transport urbain pour dommages subis par leurs passagers à cause d’actes violents pratiqués par des tiers lors du trajet. Dans la deuxième partie, on présente les origines du discours de solidarisme juridique et les influences de celui-là sur certaines constructions dogmatiques concernant le phénomène de la responsabilité civile. Finalement, ayant pour base des recherches menées à propos de la jurisprudence de deux tribunaux supérieurs brésiliens (le Supremo Tribunal Federal et le Superior Tribunal de Justiça) on analyse le fond de ces décisions, essayant d’identifier à quel point le discours théorique de la dogmatique est effectivement incorporé au moment de l’application des concepts juridiques implicite dans certains problèmes concrets. / O presente trabalho pretende analisar a afirmação corrente, na dogmática civilística brasileira, de que as regras da responsabilidade civil objetiva se destinam a concretizar o valor da solidariedade social inscrito na Constituição Federal (art. 3º, III, in fine) e a diretriz da socialidade presente no Código Civil de 2002. O estudo é feito, inicialmente, por meio da descrição de um risco social – criminalidade urbana violenta – e da apresentação da relação entre uma determinada forma histórica de manifestação desse risco e o aumento dos casos judiciais envolvendo a responsabilidade das empresas de transporte urbano em face de danos sofridos por seus passageiros em razão de atos violentos praticados por terceiros durante o trajeto. Em um segundo momento, são apresentadas as origens do discurso do solidarismo jurídico e as influências desse sobre certas construções dogmáticas relativas ao fenômeno da responsabilidade civil. Por fim, com base em pesquisa realizada sobre a jurisprudência dos dois tribunais superiores brasileiros (Supremo Tribunal Federal e Superior Tribunal de Justiça), realizou-se a análise de conteúdo das decisões, buscando identificar em que medida o discurso teórico da dogmática é efetivamente incorporado no momento da aplicação dos conceitos jurídicos implicados no tratamento de determinados problemas concretos. / This text aims at analyzing the current belief held by the authors of the Brazilian dogmatic of civil law, that rules concerning objective civil responsibility must realize the value of social solidarity described by the Federal Constitution (Article 3, III, in fine) and the principle of sociality presented by the Civil Code of 2002. The study is done initially through the description of a social risk – violent urban criminality – and the presentation of a relationship between a certain historical form this risk takes and the increase in legal cases involving the responsibility of public transportation companies for damage incurred upon their passengers due to violent acts practiced by third parties on the itinerary. In the second part, we present the origins of the discourse of legal solidarism, and its influence upon certain dogmatic constructions concerning the phenomenon of civil responsibility. Finally, based on research done about the jurisprudence of two Brazilian superior tribunals (the Supremo Tribunal Federal and the Superior Tribunal de Justiça), we analyze the contents of those decisions, aiming at identifying to what extent the theoretical discourse of dogmatic is actually incorporated into the moment of applying the legal concepts implicit in the treatment of certain concrete problems.

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