Den vanligaste arbetsformen i matematikundervisningen är att använda sig av ett läromedel. Därav vårt syfte med denna studie, som är att analysera hur tals del-helhetsrelation behandlas i den inledande undervisningen av addition och subtraktion i de tre vanligaste förekommande läromedlen i Sverige. Utifrån delar av variationsteori har vi analyserat hur innehållet i läromedlen gör det möjligt för eleverna att se och använda sig av tals del-helhetsrelation samt vilka representationer som används i läromedlen för att synliggöra tals del-helhetsrelationer. Av resultatet framgår att det inte är givet att det läromedel som används tar upp de aspekter som forskning anser är kritiska för förståelsen av tals del-helhetsrelation samt användningen av del-helhetsrelationen i addition och subtraktion. Istället visar studien att det inte alltid är möjligt för eleverna att se och förstå del-helhetsrelationen genom de uppgifter som förekommer i läromedlen. Detta i sin tur kan leda till att eleverna istället lär sig att använda strategier som inte är generaliserbara och som också kan leda till svårigheter i matematik. Resultatet visar på att det är viktigt att lärare är medvetna om vilka aspekter som är kritiska i undervisningen, samt ser läromedlet som ett komplement till sin undervisning och inte som den viktigaste arbetsformen.

The aim of this study was to increase understanding of the extent to which the child's will is given in Swedish courts' overall assessments of the best interests of the child in disputes on custody, resident and visitation (VBU). 18 District Court judgments have been collected from the database Zeteo via court judgments from Sweden's six Courts of Appeal. Based on a qualitative research effort, a content analysis was conducted on the judgments. The content analysis resulted in the following three categories being identified: The court judges according to the expressed will of the child, The court judges against the expressed will of the child, and The will of the child was omitted in the district court's assessment. The results were mainly analyzed based on childhood sociological perspectives, Hart’s ladder of participation and family law regulations. The theoretical framework was used to illustrate how the child was presented and socially constructed, and what impact this had on the space the child's will was given in the court's assessments of the best interests of the child. This was then reflected in the prevailing laws. The results of the study showed that the child's will appeared in about half of the cases, and that the court judged according to the will of the child in less than one third of them. The study also showed that the court tended to question the authenticity of the will of the children whose wishes did not comply with what the court considered to be the best interests of the child. In the majority of the cases where the children’s will were not given any room in the judgment, the court generally gave no reasons why the will was not reported.

This study is about the artist Monica Sjoo’s (1938-2005) painting God giving birth (1968) that was accused of being blasphemous and obscene in the early 1970s. God giving birth could have had much in common with Niki de Saint-Phalle’s She – a cathedral (1966), both works suggesting a mother goddess image. The main difference however can be found in the fact that Monica Sjoo’s painting had connection to the women’s movement in the 1970s. Monica Sjoo’s artwork responded to other feminist artwork of that period. Among several feminist artists during the period about 1968-1985, an iconography was in use that focused on vulvar imagery, experience of childbirth and goddess images. In particulary the mother goddess was embraced. The female body in art was re-sacred and invested with meaning connected with women’s cycles of birth-death and rebirth and the earth as a mother goddess.

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The scope of this thesis is to show how the use of maps in political and scientific arguments functions as a mediator between ideological discourse and the physical landscape. This is done by studying three maps displaying the same geographical region but from different times and with different motifs. The maps were studied by operationalizing the French Sociologist Bruno Latour’s concept of immu-table mobiles into a methodological toolset.The thesis shows that the cartographic tradition of the Swedish state throughout the 20th century func-tioned as an immutable mobile that ideological actors could use to form political or scientific argu-ments. An almost trivial point to make. However, the problem is the great distance between state and the place, which in this case is about 1400 kilometers. Thus, the map allows a remote power relation-ship. As the state-owned immutable mobiles were extracted, they were interpreted by the politicians and scientists ideological perspectives. The ideological interpretations were then used in government propositions and reports and thus resulted in actual political decisions that affected the physical land-scape.The creation of Abisko National Park is one example of how this process can look. The park was instigated with a specific set of political goals to be achieved. The political and scientific actors used the immutable mobile that is the map and formed a proposition with it. The act of instigating and upholding the Abisko Valley as a national park is thus a manifestation of both state presence, its supremacy over territory as well as its contemporary ideological context. Moreover, it would be im-possible to instigate a park without the use of maps to define its borders. The planning and ratification of Transnational Road 98 can be seen as another example of the same thing, but with a different contemporary ideology as background.The thesis results in an explanation about what the maps role is in a stately place making process. Additionally the thesis shows what happens over time as different ideological embodiments in the landscape conflict with each other because of their different visions of how the landscape should be used and by whom. / Uppsatsens syfte är att försöka hur kartor fungerar som en länk mellan politisk diskurs och det fysiska landskapet. Detta görs genom att studera tre kartor som avbildar samma område men vid olika tidpunkter och med olika motiv. Kartorna studeras genom en operationalisering av den franske sociologen Bruno Latour’s teori om ’immutable mobiles’.Uppsatsen visar att den statliga kartografiska verksamheten under 1900-talet i Sverige producerade immutable mobiles som sedan kunde avläsas av aktörer och som i sin tur kunde använda dem för att understödja deras politiska och vetenskapliga argument. En tillsynes trivial poäng. Problemet är dock avståndet i mellan den centraliserade makten och platsen som i detta fallet är ca 1400 kilometer. Kartorna möjliggör alltså en maktrelation trots det stora avståndet. Allt eftersom de statligt ägda kartorna var hämtade, tolkades de av aktörernas ideologiska perspektiv. Dessa tolkningar låg sedan till grund för politiska beslut som sedan resulterade i faktiska ingrepp i landskapet.Formerandet av Abisko nationalpark används i uppsatsen som ett exempel på hur denna process fungerar. Parken skapades med ett specifikt set av ideologiska motiv. De politiska aktörerna använde statliga kartor för att utforma sin proposition. Formerandet av parken är således en manifestation av både statlig närvaro, statlig kontroll över landskapet och ett ideologiskt artefakt. Det vore därtill omöjligt att skapa parken utan en karta för att definiera dess gränser. Planerandet och konstruerandet av mellanriksväg 98 mellan Kiruna och Narvik har analyserats på ett liknande sätt, dock med en annan ideologisk bakgrund.Uppsatsen resulterar i en möjlig förklaring till vad kartorna har för roll i en statlig platsskapande och landskapsförändrande process. Vidare så försöker uppsatsen förklara hur olika ideologiska tolkningar av landskapet kan hamna i konflikt med varandra över tid på grund av inkompatibla ideologiska motiv.

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The purpose of this essay is to investigate how representations of bicycling women in literary works by H.G. Wells, Arthur Conan Doyle, Dorothy Richardson, Grant Allen, George F. Hall, and Alice Meynell express mental and physical freedoms that had previously been denied women due to archaic societal norms. The selected pieces of literature are from the late 19th century and early 20th century, a period during which both the bicycle boom and female emancipation contributed in significant ways to societal change. Through close readings, examples are given of how the New Woman character used the bicycle as a catalyst in the struggle for emancipation and a feminist approach is applied to explore how literary bicycling women characters oppose the stipulated gender norms, challenge the prevailing gender dichotomy and hierarchy, and attain new aspects of freedom. This essay shows that the bicycle grants women characters in the selected texts not only physical aspects of freedom but psychological ones as well. / Uppsatsens mål är att undersöka hur representationer av kvinnliga cyklister i litterära verk författade av H.G. Wells, Arthur Conan Doyle, Dorothy Richardson, Grant Allen, George F. Hall och Alice Meynell uppvisar olika aspekter av psykisk och fysisk frihet vilka tidigare förvägrats kvinnor på grund av konservativa samhällsnormer. De valda litterära verken är skrivna runt sekelskiftet 1900, under en tid då både cykelns popularisering och kvinnans frigörelse bidrog till samhällets omdaning. Genom närläsning ges exempel på hur den moderna kvinnan (the New Woman) som skönlitterär karaktär använde cykeln som en katalysator i kampen för frigörelse, och genom ett feministiskt perspektiv undersöks hur cyklande kvinnor motsatte sig de stipulerade könsnormerna, utmanade könsmaktsordningen, och uppnådde nya typer av frihet. Uppsatsen visar att cykeln ger kvinnliga karaktärer i de valda texterna såväl fysisk som psykisk frihet.

The colourful past of the late 18th century marquetry furniture has seldom been highlighted. Through ageing and environmental influences, colourful marquetry furniture has lost their original expression. The current knowledge of how Swedish cabinet-makers in the late 18th century used dyes to colour their furniture is limited. Trace of colour has been observed and the use of dyes has been mentioned, but deeper research in this filed is missing. A visual examination and studies of archive documents and previous research have been performed to investigate the colourful past of Gottlieb Iwerssons masterpiece, a secretaire in Gustavian style made for the king Gustav III. The result shows that the secretaire has a colourful past in accordance with its original drawing. A hypothetical picture has been created to illustrate the colourful original appearance.

This study investigates copies of silk-embroidered linen cloths from the 16th and 17th century, created by the Danish Handcraft Guild during the period 1928–1980. The originals are most often embroidered with stem stitches in red silk with motives generally based on contemporary graphic prints. The Danish Handcraft Guild was founded in 1928 with ambitions to bring to life national textile traditions. The aim of the study is to find out which aspects of the historical textiles that were adopted in the copies, and possible reasons for these choices. Based on this case-study, the usage of historical originals for copies in relation to general understanding and development of cultural heritage is discussed. From a theoretical viewpoint, material culture is understood as having both physical and practical properties, related to memories and identities of individuals and societies. The study consists of two parts, one explorative study and one text analysis. In the explorative study five original textiles and nine copies are documented and compared. The text analysis deals with 77 texts from the Danish Handcraft Guild journal 1934–1980. The results show that the Danish Handcraft Guild practiced two approaches to historical originals. The mayor one was to find originals suitable for adoption on present-day products, often in simplified versions. A second approach is represented by big copies of silk-embroidered linen cloths. These were made as splendor display objects, related to a fine and noble national history. The tendency in this case-study is that copies of silk-embroidered linen cloths used for exhibitions seem to be closer to the original’s motives than those made for personal use. A conclusion of the study is that copies from historical originals do have potential to gain understanding and to develop cultural heritage. Which collective memory, history and value they convey depends on the context in which they were created, and to the story they mediate.

In 2020, approximately 6900 children in Sweden were relevant for investigation of custody disputes. During the same year, 1802 court decisions were enforced regarding supervision by a contact person. Previous research has shown that children often have a lack of participation and opportunity to influence in these cases. It has also shown that parental rights and the child´s need for protection often outweigh the child´s expressed will. The aim of this study was to investigate children´s participation in the district court´s judgments regarding supervision by a contact person. What an impact the child´s will have and how factors such as age, risks and their best interest affect children´s ability to be involved. Through a qualitative content analysis, nine judgments from various district courts in Sweden during 2018-2021 have been selected. The material was then analyzed with the help of social constructivist theory and Roger Hart´s ladder of participation. The study shows that in six out of nine judgments, children are involved based on different levels and that 44% of the judgments are in accordance with the child´s expressed will. However, it has been difficult to read out how the child´s will has actually had a bearing on the verdict. The result also shows that factors such as age, risks and the best interests of the child affects the child´s ability to participate. In cases where the district court has not reported the child´s will or participation, no explanation or clarification is given as to why it is so.