I den här studien beskrivs hur skolkuratorer arbetar förebyggande mot kränkande behandling för att främja elevers välmående och utveckling. Studien syftar till att undersöka skolkuratorers arbetssätt gällande förebyggande arbete mot kränkande behandling på grundskolan. Frågeställningar för att uppfylla studiens syfte är: Hur arbetar skolkuratorer förebyggande mot kränkande behandling? Hur är handlingsutrymmet i det förebyggande arbetet mot kränkande behandling utifrån skolkuratorers perspektiv? Hur ser samverkan ut med andra professioner i det förebyggande arbetet mot kränkande behandling? För att uppfylla studiens syfte och behandla frågeställningarna valdes en kvalitativ metod i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer. Datainsamlingen transkriberades och analyserades genom tematisk analys och jämfördes sedan med relevant tidigare forskning inom det aktuella ämnet. Resultatet som presenteras innebär att det förebyggande arbetet mot kränkande behandling utförs på olika sätt, på olika nivåer. Andra betydande delar i studien påvisar handlingsutrymmet och samverkan med andra yrkesprofessioner på skolan. Resultatet har diskuterats och analyserats med en grund i den systemteoretiska utvecklingsekologiska teorin, vilket har varit studiens teoretiska utgångspunkt. Ytterligare fynd, som studien redovisar, är: förebyggande arbetssätt i form av vuxennärvaro, värdegrundsarbete och förebyggande i kombination med åtgärdande arbete. / This study describes how school counsellors work to prevent bullying in order to ensure pupils' well-being and development. The aim of the study is to investigate school counsellors' approaches to preventing bullying in primary schools.  The questions posed to fulfill the purpose of the study are: How do school counsellors work to prevent bullying? From the perspective of school counsellors, how is the professional discretion in the prevention of bullying? How is the collaboration with other professions present in the prevention work preventing bullying? In order to fulfill the study's purpose and answer the research questions, a qualitative method was chosen using semi-structured interviews. The data collection was transcribed and analyzed through thematic analysis and then compared with relevant previous research on the topic of bullying. The result of the study shows that the prevention work against bullying is carried out in different ways at different levels. Other significant elements of the study are the scope of action and the interaction with other groups of professionals present and active at a school. The presented result is discussed and analyzed with the basis in the system theoretical developmental ecological theory, which has been the theoretical starting point of the study. Other findings in the study are: preventive approaches in the form of adult presence, value-based work and prevention combined with remedial work.

This study aims to explore the perspective of school counsellors on sibling violence, focusing on their understanding of the phenomenon through their professional experiences and their perceptions of their own abilities in addressing it. The study was conducted through a qualitative approach, where six school counsellors working with teenagers aged thirteen years and up were interviewed using a semi-structured interview method. The findings of this study suggest that school counsellors play an important role in identifying, responding, and promoting change in cases of sibling violence within the school system. Furthermore, their observations indicate that the family environment can be significant to the occurrence of sibling violence through the normalisation and perpetuation of the violence, be it directly or through a general culture of violence in the family. Additionally, the occurrence of sibling violence has also been observed to have some potential consequences for persons experiencing it, such as anxiety, low self-esteem, and mistrust of others.

The aim of this essay is to study how school counselors describe and cope with the challenges of carrying the psychosocial assignment within school and what they need in order to be able to carry out their assignment. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews with school counselors and analyzed using thematic analysis and coping theory. Based on the school counselors' perspectives, the results demonstrate that the psychosocial assignment needs to include a holistic view of the pupil and that the core of the assignment is to work preventatively. The study identified challenges that school counselors face including high workload, lack of resources and a perspective which clashes with the pedagogical perspective, thus leaving the school counselors lonely in carrying their role. To deal with these challenges, school counselors use different coping strategies such as seeking support from colleagues and through external mentoring. To facilitate for the school counselors to carry out their assignment adequately, the study emphasizes the need for trust, legitimacy and discretion.

Syftet med den här studien har varit att bidra med ökad kunskap om hur skolkuratorer uppfattar möjligheter och hinder att uppmärksamma unga utsatta för våld i en parrelation och hur skolkuratorer beskriver de egna möjligheterna att stödja unga som är eller har varit utsatta för våld i en parrelation. Syftet har även varit att ge ökad kunskap om hur skolkuratorer samverkar med andra professionella kring våld i ungas parrelationer. För att kunna uppfylla studiens syfte har sex kvalitativa intervjuer med skolkuratorer som arbetar inom grundskolan och gymnasiet genomförts. Intervjuerna har analyserats med hjälp av tidigare forskning inom området och de teoretiska begreppen handlingsutrymme och samverkan. Studiens resultat visar att synlighet och tillgänglighet uppfattas vara viktiga faktorer för att kunna uppmärksamma unga utsatta för våld i en parrelation. Tidsutrymmet till aktiviteter där skolkuratorn är synlig och tillgänglig för elever uppfattas som en begränsande faktor för att uppmärksamma unga utsatta för partnervåld. Vidare visar studiens resultat att utformningen av stödjande handlingar till unga som är eller har varit utsatta för våld i en parrelation kan knytas till hur ramarna för det skolkurativa uppdraget uppfattas. Samverkan med andra professionella kring våld i ungas parrelationer framstår vara kontextbunden till skolan som skolkuratorn arbetar på och samverkan med socialtjänsten betraktas som möjlig i olika hög grad av olika skolkuratorer. / The purpose of this study has been to contribute to increased knowledge of how school counselors perceive possibilities and barriers to identify young people who have been subjected to intimate partner violence. The purpose has also been to provide increased knowledge on how school counselors collaborate with other professionals regarding youth intimate partner violence. In order to fulfill the purpose of the study, six qualitative interviews with school counselors have been conducted. The interviews have been analyzed with the help of previous research in the field and the theoretical concepts of discretion and collaboration. The study's results show that as a school counselor, being visible and accessible to students is understood to increase the possibilities to identify young people subjected to intimate partner violence. The time available for activities where the school counselor is visible and accessible to students is perceived as a barrier to identifying young people subjected to intimate partner violence. Further, the study's results show that the design of supportive actions for young people who are or have been subjected to intimate partner violence. can be linked to what is within the framework of the school health mission. Collaboration with other professionals regarding youth intimate partner violence appears be context-bound to the school where the school counselor works, and collaboration with social services is considered possible to varying degrees by different school counselors.

Studien undersökte skolkuratorers uppfattningar om det suicidpreventiva arbetet i högstadieskolor. Syftet var att identifiera verkningsfulla metoder och utmaningar. Genom kvalitativa intervjuer med sex skolkuratorer framkom att relationsskapande, samverkan och kunskap är centrala för effektiv suicidprevention. Informanterna betonade vikten av starka relationer med elever och samarbete med skolpersonal för tidiga insatser. De största utmaningarna var resursbrist, bristande kunskap och föräldrainvolvering.  Känsla av Sammanhang användes som teoretiskt ramverk för att analysera hur skolkuratorer hanterar sitt arbete. Resultaten visade att en hög grad av begriplighet, hanterbarhet och meningsfullhet hos skolkuratorerna främjar deras suicidpreventiva insatser. Studien avslutades med förslag på hur skolor kan förbättra sina insatser genom att stärka personalens kompetens och öka resurserna för elevhälsan. / The study explored school counselors' perceptions of suicide prevention work in secondary schools. The aim was to identify effective methods and challenges. Through qualitative interviews with six school counselors, it was found that relationship building, collaboration, and knowledge are crucial for effective suicide prevention. The respondents emphasized the importance of strong relationships with students and cooperation with school staff for early interventions. The biggest challenges were resource shortages, lack of knowledge, and parental involvement. Sense of Coherence was used as the theoretical framework to analyze how school counselors manage their work. The results showed that a high degree of comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness among the school counselors enhances their suicide prevention efforts. The study concluded with suggestions on how schools can improve their efforts by strengthening staff competence and increasing resources for student health services.

The main purpose for this study was to examine how boys with destructive and self-harming behaviour are perceived and comprehended by school counsellors and literature. The study assessed how boys who harm themselves are defined both in practice and in theory by using a social constructivist point of view and a gender perspective. The study was divided in two parts concerning gathering knowledge of the matter. The authors, using a method called qualitative semi-structured interviews, interviewed nine school counsellors. To acquire scientific knowledge, the authors implemented a literature review and researched books and journal articles regarding boys who self-harm. An essential discovery is that boys, who self-harm, have a tendency to be overlooked and excluded from the issue. This is mainly depending on how these boys often express their feelings by acting out their emotions in a physical manner. It is socially acceptable for boys to be extroverted, to be louder and use bigger gestures while girls are introvert and emotional human beings. This is depending on social expectations on each gender and the qualities and behaviour that are associated with being either male or female.

The aim of this study was to examine the definition and meaning of a relationship-based social work, and what conditions are required for the professional to manage such. Based on seven qualitative interviews with professional social workers who work with children and adolescents, a thematic analysis was conducted based on the theoretical frameworks of Symbolic Interactionism and the organisational theories of Human Service Organisations and Street-Level Bureaucracy. The main results confirm the importance of the relationship between the client and the professional according to the respondents. Role clarity and empathy through self-awareness were seen as important qualities of the professional to maintain a good relationship with the child, for whom this might lead to a sense of security through the relationship continuity. Mentioned conditions that facilitated the possibility of relationship based client work were mostly organisational variables such as time and discretion. These were variables that varied depending on the organisation that the professionals worked within, leading to a comparative discussion between the organisational conditions of social services and schools. Another theme identified was experience which seemed to matter as a personal skill. These conditions affect the professional’s ability to create and maintain relationships with the children.

The aim of this study was to examine the definition and meaning of a relationship-based social work, and what conditions are required for the professional to manage such. Based on seven qualitative interviews with professional social workers who work with children and adolescents, a thematic analysis was conducted based on the theoretical frameworks of Symbolic Interactionism and the organisational theories of Human Service Organisations and Street-Level Bureaucracy. The main results confirm the importance of the relationship between the client and the professional according to the respondents. Role clarity and empathy through self-awareness were seen as important qualities of the professional to maintain a good relationship with the child, for whom this might lead to a sense of security through the relationship continuity. Mentioned conditions that facilitated the possibility of relationship based client work were mostly organisational variables such as time and discretion. These were variables that varied depending on the organisation that the professionals worked within, leading to a comparative discussion between the organisational conditions of social services and schools. Another theme identified was experience which seemed to matter as a personal skill. These conditions affect the professional’s ability to create and maintain relationships with the children.

The aim of this essay was to describe how school social workers can help and support students with parents who abuse alcohol or other drugs. We wanted to see how school social workers room for action is presented and how it affects their work with students living with parents who are abusing. We used a qualitative method to elucidate how school social workers handle this issue in a more profound way. By conducting semistructured interviews with six school social workers in one province in southern Sweden we gained exhaustive and detailed answers. In the analysis we used street level bureaucracy and theory of recognition. The result showed that the school social workers regard their overarching room of action as very wide inside school but limited outside. At school the school social worker can support the students with supportive counseling and adapted school attendance. One important task of the school social worker is to help the student to get in contact with other organizations for example, support groups for children. We also found that cooperation is an important part as the school social workers describe themselves as “the spider in the web” with the task of connecting and sharing knowledge with other personnel and organizations. The relation with the student is important to be able to support the students or guide them further. School social workers also regard school as a good place to detect and identify these students, but that it can be difficult to know who these students are. If a specific plan for working with students whose parents abuse alcohol or drugs would affect the school social workers work is difficult to say since none that we interviewed in this study had experience of one.

En del socionomer kan uppleva obehag att samtala med människor som är i kris eller mår dåligt. Skolkuratorer är en av de som kan uppleva en osäkerhet huruvida de ska samtala med barn och ungdomar. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka vilka metoder skolkuratorer från Malmös grundskolor använder i sina samtal med elever, men även hur skolkuratorerna beskriver sina kompetenser i samtalsmetodik. Vi har utgått ifrån en kvalitativ metod där vi har intervjuat sex skolkuratorer med olika långa anställningar inom skolkuratorsyrket. Studiens resultat visar att skolkuratorer inte följer någon metod på hur de ska förhålla sig i samtal med elever. Det finns ingen mall på hur skolkuratorer ska utföra sitt arbete vilket innebär att de arbetar väldigt olika och utvecklar olika sätt att utföra samtalen som de själva anser ger bäst resultat. Istället för en metod så blir det en “plock” av alla möjliga metoder för att anpassa elevernas behov. Däremot såg vi flera likheter i modeller som de nämnde att de utgår ifrån, såsom motiverande samtal och empatiskt förhållningssätt där olika faktorer spelar en väsentlig roll för samtalets utveckling såsom ett gott bemötande. I enlighet med learning by doing visar resultatet på studien att skolkuratorerna får mer kunskap på hur man samtalar desto fler samtal de genomför. För att få bättre kompetenser i samtalsmetodik önskar skolkuratorer mer praktik och djupare kurser i samtalsmetodik från socionomutbildningen. / Some social workers can experience discomfort when speaking with people in a state of crisis or who are mentally unwell. School counselors are among those who can experience insecurity on how they should talk with children and teenagers. The purpose of this study is to examine what models school counselors from Malmö’s elementary schools use in their conversations with students and how the school counselors describe their speech methodic competences. We used a qualitative method where we interviewed six school counselors with varying lengths of employments within the profession. The result of the study shows that school counselors do not follow any model on how to act in conversations with students. There is no template on how school counselors should conduct their work which means that they work very differently and develop different ways to conduct conversations according to what they themselves believe give the best results. Instead of one method it becomes a pick of all sorts of different methods to adapt to the student’s needs. We did, however, see many similarities in models that they mentioned they use as a foundation, such as motivating talks and an empathic approach, where different factors play an essential part for the development of the conversations, such as a good reception. Furthermore, the result shows that school counselors learn to converse the more conversations they have, in accordance with learning by doing. To achieve better competences in conversation methodics, school counselors wish for more internships and more in-depth courses in conversation methodics from the social worker education.