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[pt] Esta tese é o resultado de uma pesquisa de inspiração etnográfica sobre o refúgio como prática de injustiça epistêmica, analisado por meio do universo brasileiro da elegibilidade e dos processos de produção de significados sociais. A concepção de injustiça epistêmica está relacionada a duas importantes práticas epistêmicas: produzir e compartilhar o conhecimento com outros por meio do testemunho e fazer sentido das próprias experiências sociais. A tese busca, assim, examinar a produção e a transmissão do conhecimento nos processos burocráticos da elegibilidade, isto é, na determinação do status de refugiado, e as formas de representação midiática em torno da figura do refúgio e seus sujeitos. Para tanto, a análise contou com uma pluralidade metodológica composta por trabalho de campo por meio da realização de entrevistas e abordagem com corpus através do uso de softwares específicos. A partir disso, a tese analisa o espaço das práticas epistêmicas que atravessam a categoria do refugiado e podem contribuir para a produção de injustiças, afetando a vida de solicitantes de refúgio e refugiados no Brasil. / [en] This thesis is the result of a research on asylum as epistemic injustice, analyzed through the Brazilian eligibility process and the practices of media representation in the country. The concept of epistemic injustice is intimately related to two crucial epistemic practices: conveying knowledge to others and making sense of our own social experiences. Hence, the two main aims of the research are the analysis of knowledge production in the bureaucratic process of eligibility (or refugee status determination process, RSD) and the investigation on how the Brazilian mainstream media represents refugees. To this end, the pluralistic research methods used consist of interview-based fieldwork and corpus linguistics with the help of specific software. The thesis therefore analyzes the space of epistemic practices that have an impact on the refugee category and may contribute to the production of injustices, affecting the lives of asylum seekers and refugees in Brazil.

Arising from the complications of an underprivileged and impoverished background this thesis focuses on exposing the grotesque consequences of conflicting ideologies through personal and societal suffering while in search of universal connections to showcase the need for compassion and understanding. My artistic practice is utilized as an entry point to have difficult discussions, a tool for teaching themes of injustice, inequality, and mistreatment. The traumatizing experience of poverty or corruption has the potential to be transmuted into something beneficial. I utilize discarded, low valued, unwanted, and damaged materials in my artmaking to symbolize transfiguration, an advanced state of former self. What seems hideous has its own beauty. What seems rotten and ugly has the potential to be adapted into something beneficial, any suffering we have experienced should not and has not gone to waste. The wisdom and resilience that arose from the experience will serve you in the future. This attempt at an honest, unflinching exploration of self and society is to shift perspectives away from apathy, towards thoughtfulness for other's struggles.

Com a ascensão do nacional-socialismo em 1933, iniciou-se uma série de medidas como promulgações de leis e criação de tribunais especiais para garantir a manutenção e expansão do poder do regime. Como exemplo da instrumentalização do sistema judicial nacional-socialista e suas consequências no Pós-guerra, destacamos na presente pesquisa os depoimentos de duas vítimas políticas do Tribunal do Povo, Hans Hirzel e Franz J. Müller. Ambos foram integrantes do grupo de resistência estudantil conhecido como Rosa Branca, cuja história contribuiu para o processo de contestação da validade de sentenças penais proferidas neste período. Desenvolvemos um estudo na interface entre as áreas da História (HUDEMANN, 2014; BENZ, 2008; STEINBACH; TUCHEL, 2004; ARENDT, 1989, entre outros) e do Direito (SILVA, 2011; ALEXY 1997; STOLLEIS, 1994; HART, 1958; RADBRUCH, 1946; entre outros), tendo como cerne o conceito de Unrecht (Injustiça extrema). Com base no modelo de análise textual de Christiane Nord (2010, 2009), dos Estudos da Tradução, destacamos a relevância de uma análise multidisciplinar da situação comunicativa e da temática dos textos-fontes para a tradução. Apresentamos uma edição bilíngue de três documentos pertinentes para abordar o conceito estudado nesta pesquisa. Nosso corpus é composto por um ofício enviado em 1983 pela Secretaria de Justiça do Estado Federado de Baden-Württemberg a Franz Müller; seu depoimento ao lado de Hans Hirzel no Parlamento Alemão em 1984, cuja temática central gira em torno da questão da validade do direito e das práticas jurídicas no período do nacional-socialismo, e a Lei de anulação das sentenças da injustiça extrema nacionalsocialista na administração da justiça penal de 1998, medida que anulou retroativamente sentenças penais proferidas por tribunais nacional-socialistas. Trata-se de documentos que registram parte do percurso histórico e jurídico de correção da injustiça nacional-socialista no período do Pós-guerra. Com esta pesquisa, pretendemos viabilizar o acesso a pesquisadores de diferentes áreas do conhecimento a este material inédito em português acerca da validade do direito legalmente produzido em períodos totalitários. / With the ascension of national-socialism in 1933, a series of measures such as promulgation of laws and the creation of special courts were introduced in order to guarantee the maintenance and expansion of the regimes power. As an example of the use of nationalsocialism court system as a power tool and its consequences in the post-war period, in this research we highlight the testimony of two political victims of the People\'s Court, Hans Hirzel and Franz J. Müller. Both were part of the student resistance group known as The White Rose, which has contributed for the contestation of the validity of the criminal judgments issued in this period. We developed a study at the interface between the fields of History (HUDEMANN, 2014; BENZ, 2008; STEINBACH; TUCHEL, 2004; ARENDT, 1989, among others) and Law (SILVA, 2011; ALEXY 1997; STOLLEIS, 1994; HART, 1958; RADBRUCH, 1946; among others) having the Unrecht concept (Extreme Injustice) as the core concept. Based on the model of text analysis of Christiane Nord (2010, 2009), on Translation Studies, we highlight the relevance of interdisciplinary analysis of the communicative situation and the topic of the source texts for translation. We produce a bilingual edition of three documents that are relevant to approach the concept studied in this research. Our corpus consists of an official document sent in 1983 by the Justice Administration of the state Baden-Württemberg to Franz Müller; his testimony beside Hans Hirzel at the German parliament in 1984, which central topic is based on the validity of the law and the legal practices in the period of national socialism, and the Law of annulation of extreme national socialist injustice in the implementation of criminal law, from 1998, measure that cancelled retroactively criminal judgements issued by national socialist courts. These are documents that register part of the historical and legal path of correction of national socialist injustice in the post-war period. With this research, we intend to facilitate the access to researches from different areas of knowledge to this unreleased material in Portuguese about the validity of the Law legally produced in totalitarian periods.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T17:16:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 27 / Nenhuma / O presente trabalho busca investigar a relação entre direito e moral proposta por Robert Alexy, bem como criticar, com base no paradigma hermenêutico, o uso de uma moral corretiva nos termos por ele defendidos. Para tanto, a partir dos casos das mortes de fugitivos ocorridas na fronteira da extinta RDA – denominado o caso dos atiradores do muro – e julgados pelo Tribunal Constitucional Federal alemão, que ilustram a posição do autor sobre a relação entre direito e moral, se expõe os principais elementos da teoria alexyana – especialmente a pretensão de correção – que permitem identificar a relação, por ele proposta, entre direito e uma moral que o corrige. Por fim, procura-se desenvolver a crítica a este entendimento com base no paradigma hermenêutico, apontando para uma compreensão mais adequada do papel da moral e de sua relação com o direito, no contexto do Estado Democrático de Direito / The present paper seeks to investigate the relation between law and morality as proposed by Robert Alexy, as well as criticize, based on the hermeneutical paradigm, the use of a corrective morality in the terms defended by the author. Using as starting point the death cases of fugitives in the extinct RDA’s border – named the wall shooter’s case – trialed by the german Constitutional Federal Court, that illustrate the author’s opinion about the relation between law and morality, its presented the main elements of Alexy’s theory – especially the claim to correctness – which allows to identify the relation, by him proposed, between law and a morality that corrects it. At the end, the dissertation seeks to criticize this understanding, based on the hermeneutical paradigm, pointing in to the direction of an comprehension more suitable to the roll that morality and its relation with law should play in the context of a Constitutional Democracy

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:30:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Renato Ferreira de Souza.pdf: 1219974 bytes, checksum: 141634a67c514fc7ad405b2f0a5104f5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-24 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This Doctoral Thesis in Social Psychology debates the imbricated and contradictory correlation between Psychology and Public Policy social assistance in Brazil. To achieve this goal, we highlight the enter into the history of the psychological area and the formation and establishment of Modern Science, noting that both almost always have been or are in the service of elites, working in favor of an instrumentalist and economistic logic that overrides the market to the humanities. We seek to indicate how the submission of psychology to this logic, at times, becomes it in the responsible technical that supports scientifically the pre-established screenplay of life in capitalism and the forms of perverse recognition. To understand and assess the implications and consequences of practice developed by the Psychology in the field of public policies of assistance (social emancipation or administration by the people?), we developed a psychosocial analysis that considered issues such as inequality, injustice, recognition, etc., as central concepts. With views to the relationship between theoretical research and empirical reality, we also made interviews with professionals and citizens involved in the Reference Center for Social Assistance (CRAS, in Portuguese) and investigated their identities from the perspective developed by Antonio da Costa Ciampa, that reveal themselves in a way emblematic, because they represent the linkage between the universal (capitalist system of production) and the private (conformation of psychosocial identities and their subjectivities). The relationship between the theoretical and empirical material has demonstrated that the daily experiences of individuals who relate directly with the public policies of assistance are crossed by several factors such as: power, money, bureaucracy, laws, professional guidelines (in the case of social workers) and social injustice, poverty, unequal income distribution, education, health, basic rights, lack of social recognition, moral, emotional and ethical, among others. This allowed us to present a conceptual reflection coming from a theoretical conception of assumptions of critical social psychology that can be used by psychologists included in public policies, especially for the development of a critical and transformative practice in their daily professional activities / A presente Tese de Doutorado em Psicologia Social debate a imbricada e contraditória correlação existente entre a Psicologia e as Políticas Públicas sócio-assistenciais brasileiras. Para a consecução deste objetivo, destacamos o enveredamento pela História da área psicológica e pela conformação e constituição da Ciência Moderna, destacando que ambas, quase sempre, estiveram ou estão a serviço das elites, operando a favor de uma lógica instrumentalista e economicista que sobrepõe o mercado às humanidades. Procuramos assinalar como a submissão da Psicologia a essa lógica, por vezes, transforma-a na responsável técnica que respalda cientificamente o roteiro pré-estabelecido de vida no capitalismo e as formas de reconhecimento perverso. Para compreender e apurar as implicações e consequências da práxis desenvolvida pela Psicologia no campo das políticas públicas de assistência (emancipação social ou administração do povo?), desenvolvemos uma análise psicossocial que considerou questões como desigualdade, injustiça, reconhecimento, etc., como conceitos centrais. Com vistas à articulação entre a pesquisa teórica e a realidade empírica, realizamos também entrevistas com profissionais e cidadãos envolvidos com o Centro de Referência de Assistência Social (CRAS) e investigamos suas identidades na perspectiva desenvolvida por Antonio da Costa Ciampa, que se desvelaram de forma emblemática, pois são representativas do atrelamento existente entre o universal (sistema capitalista de produção) e o particular (conformação das identidades psicossociais e suas subjetividades). A articulação entre o material teórico e empírico permitiu demonstrar que as vivências cotidianas dos indivíduos que se relacionam diretamente com as políticas públicas de assistência estão atravessadas por múltiplos fatores, tais como: poder, dinheiro, burocracias, estatutos, diretrizes profissionais (no caso dos trabalhadores sociais) e injustiça social, pobreza, má distribuição de renda, de educação, de saúde, de direitos básicos, falta de reconhecimento social, moral, afetivo e ético, dentre outros. Isso permitiu que apresentássemos uma reflexão conceitual advinda de uma composição teórica de pressupostos da psicologia social crítica que pode ser utilizada pelos psicólogos inseridos nas políticas públicas, sobretudo para o desenvolvimento de uma práxis crítica e transformadora no cotidiano de suas atividades profissionais

Police-community relations are a frequently discussed topic in both academe and the media. Many factors are believed to influence individuals’ perceptions and views of law enforcement, including demographic variables (race and socioeconomic status), experiences with law enforcement, and media consumption. With an emphasis in the news and on social media regarding police misconduct or police brutality, this research seeks to inquire about college students' perceptions of law enforcement and racial injustice within the criminal justice system. While controlling for key demographic variables, this project specifically examines how individuals’ personal experiences with law enforcement and their exposure to news media and social media impact their perceptions and attitudes of police or racial injustice in the criminal justice system. Other variables, such as ideological views, obligation to authority, and delinquent behaviors were also analyzed to provide more specific insight into what factors influence student perceptions. Using ordinal logistic regression, researchers analyzed student perceptions of racial injustice in the criminal justice system and police legitimacy. Findings for this study indicate that variables other than standard demographics, contact with law enforcement, and media consumption had a significant impact on student perceptions of police.

This dissertation looks at the representation and impact of gendered violence in the novel Pasos bajo el agua (1986) and in the short stories in Ofrenda de propia piel (2004) by Argentine author and former political prisoner Alicia Kozameh (b. 1953), as well as in Jamás el fuego nunca (2007) and Impuesto a la carne (2010), two novels by Chilean writer Diamela Eltit (b. 1949). By examining the particular expressions of physical and psychological pain in the aforementioned texts, I demonstrate that Kozameh and Eltit write the female body to simultaneously represent a corporeality that, until recently, has rarely been expressed in literature, and reconstruct a body that has been traumatized by state-sponsored violence and by what could be considered economic violence. Both of them denounce violence, torture, disappearances, exile, and indifference to justice as painful events that not only damage the spirits of the victims, but that are also inscribed upon the physical body. I also show how each author addresses the overlapping of individual and collective traumatic memories and how these are felt in the body as well. Finally, I argue that writing the materiality of the lived body, from its vulnerability to its resilience, provides for Kozameh and Eltit valuable insight into the ways in which female bodies are able to resist and reassess the meaning imposed on them by legally-endorsed and non-official systems of oppression. Their work thus has direct viii social relevance that goes beyond feminism's countering of male dominance and women's rights. Yet, I also show that they manifest their feminist commitment by using the voice and body of female subjects to incorporate marginalized Chilean and Argentine bodies into the linguistic realm in order to provide a fuller understanding of female corporeality in Latin America. / text

Le traitement des inégalités environnementales globales doit se faire en tenant compte de la différence d’impact des pays dans l’avènement de la crise environnementale. Ces inégalités n'impliquent pas seulement des injustices de redistribution liées au partage du fardeau environnemental ou des injustices historiques liées aux passifs écologiques coloniaux et aux émissions historiques de gaz à effet de serre du Nord. Elles impliquent également des injustices de participation et de reconnaissance. L’approche distributive et l’approche corrective des injustices environnementales ne permettent pas de réparer l’ensemble de ces injustices. Pour surmonter leurs limites et leurs défauts, nous proposons de recourir au paradigme de la justice restauratrice. L'approche restauratrice comporte deux avantages principaux. Le premier est qu’elle permet de prendre en compte la nature multidimensionnelle des injustices environnementales et de se recentrer sur un large éventail de besoins de justice des victimes étatiques et non étatiques : besoin de réparation des injustices historiques, besoin de reconnaissance, besoin de participation, besoin de redistribution et besoin d'assistance. Le second est qu’elle inscrit le processus de justice dans une logique transformatrice qui permet de prévenir les injustices futures. Dans cette optique, nous proposons l'institutionnalisation d'une « démocratie écologique mondiale » par le biais de la transformation du Programme des Nations Unies pour l'environnement (PNUE) en une institution écologique, démocratique, et dotée d'une souveraineté supranationale. / The treatment of global environmental inequalities must take into account the difference in the impact of countries in the advent of the environmental crisis. These inequalities do not emphasize only redistribution injustices related to the sharing of environmental burdens or historical injustices related to colonial ecological liabilities and historic greenhouse gas emissions from the Northern countries They also imply injustices of participation and recognition. The distributive approach and the corrective approach to environmental injustices do not make it possible to repair all these injustices. The use of the paradigm of restorative justice could allow to overcome their limitations and defects. The restorative approach has two main benefits. The first one is to consider the multidimensional nature of environmental injustices and to refocus on a wide range of justice needs of state and non-state victims : need for redressing historical injustices, need for recognition, need for participation, need for redistribution and need for assistance. The second advantage is the consideration of the process of justice into a transformative logic for the prevention of environmental injustices. With this aim in mind, we propose the institutionalization of a "global ecological democracy » through the transformation of the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) into an ecological and democratic institution with supranational sovereignty.

This thesis is concerned with philosophical perspectives on the stigma of mental illness, with each chapter exploring different philosophical issues. Chapter one delineates the central concept around which the rest of the work revolves: the stigma of mental illness. It provides an outline of the stigma mechanism, how it applies to mental illness, why it is such a large public health concern and what has been done so far to combat it. Chapter two is concerned with the application of recent literature in the philosophy of implicit bias to the topic of mental illness. It suggests that we have hitherto been preoccupied with explicit formulations of the stigma mechanism, but argues that there are distinctive issues involved in combatting forms of discrimination in which the participants are not cognisant of their attitudes or actions, and that anti-stigma initiatives for mental illness should take note. Chapter three applies the philosophical literature concerning the ethics of our epistemic practices to the stigma of mental illness. It contains an analysis of how epistemic injustice- primarily in the forms of testimonial injustice and stereotype threat- affects those with mental illnesses. The fourth chapter brings in issues in the philosophy of science (particularly the philosophy of psychiatry) to explore the possibility of intervening on the stigma process to halt the stigma of mental illness. The first candidate (preventing labelling) is discounted, and the second (combatting stereotype) is tentatively endorsed. The fifth chapter is concerned with how language facilitates the stigma of mental illness. It suggests that using generics to talk about mental illness (whether the knowledge structure conveyed is inaccurate or accurate) is deeply problematic. In the former, it conveys insidious forms of social stereotyping. In the latter, it propagates misinformation by presenting the category as a quintessential one.