No description available.

[pt] Esta tese teve como objetivo compreender, por meio de uma análise de narrativa temática interseccional, as experiências de conciliação trabalho-família das diferentes mulheres que compõem circuitos de cuidado infantil. Para atingir esse objetivo, foram realizadas entrevistas com quatro mulheres que realizam a atividade de cuidado em domicílio, de forma remunerada ou não, a crianças de 0 a 6 anos de idade e que fazem parte dos diferentes elos de um circuito de cuidado. Para análise dos depoimentos recolhidos, foi utilizado o método análise de narrativa temática reflexiva, proposto por Braun e Clarke (2022), junto a um modelo analítico de narrativa interseccional, sugerido pela autora deste estudo. Os resultados encontrados foram apresentados em três grandes temas: 1) Peculiaridades Individuais Inseridas em Conjunturas Sociais de Opressão; 2) Configurações e Estratégias em um Circuito de Cuidado; e 3) Conflito Trabalho-Família e Interseccionalidade no Trabalho de Cuidado. Diante da análise de um perfil de entrevistadas heterogêneo, inicialmente, as peculiaridades individuais de cada uma foram apresentadas, e colaboraram para dar visibilidade ao contexto social, que foi pano de fundo para a análise dos outros grandes temas. Em seguida, a análise das configurações do circuito de cuidado (Guimarães, 2020) pesquisado demonstrou o entrelaçamento das diferentes interações que constituem a estrutura de cuidado infantil - destacando quem realiza a atividade de cuidado, qual significado atribui ao trabalho, qual o tipo de relação social é estipulado para realização do trabalho (mercantil ou não mercantil) e qual o modo de retribuição (monetária ou não) está envolvida nessa relação. Foi identificado que as diferentes relações sociais que são tecidas na organização do cuidado infantil garantem que mulheres que são mães e que trabalham fora conciliem as suas demandas de cuidado e profissionais. Nesse sentido, constatou-se que dependente do trabalho de cuidado não é só a criança que é cuidada, mas também quem depende do trabalho de cuidado executado por outras pessoas para trabalhar. Além disso, este estudo ratifica que são as mulheres negras e pobres que realizam a maior parte do trabalho de cuidado no Brasil. Em relação aos resultados do terceiro grande tema, Conflito Trabalho-Família e Interseccionalidade no Trabalho de Cuidado, foram demonstrados os motivos individuais que levam as entrevistadas a vivenciar o conflito trabalho-família, que foram agrupados em três temas: 1) O Acúmulo de Atividades e o Sentimento de Culpa; 2) Barreiras da Vida Familiar; e 3) Obstáculos Ligados ao Trabalho Remunerado. Esses temas surgiram com base na leitura prévia sobre o assunto, mas dois subtemas foram desvelados à posteriori. São eles: 1) Afetos e Desafetos com a Trabalhadora de Cuidado Remunerado, que destacou os conflitos vivenciados pela patroa em relação a trabalhadora de cuidado profissional, que impactam a sua vida profissional; e 2) Os des(Acordos) e os Efeitos do Trabalho Informal, referindo-se aos conflitos experimentados pela trabalhadora doméstica que afetam a sua vida familiar e demonstram a falta de valorização e reconhecimento desse ofício. A análise de narrativas temática interseccional permitiu identificar, de forma relacional, as diferentes relações de poder que estão presentes em um circuito de cuidado, que moldam a forma como as mulheres diversas que o compõem equilibram as demandas do trabalho e da família. Desta maneira, constatou-se que o patriarcado, o racismo e a desigualdade econômica são fatores interligados que privilegiam determinados grupos em detrimento de outros e mantém viva a exploração das trabalhadoras de cuidado (remuneradas ou não). Desvelar esta complexa relação que se estabelece de forma invisível aos que olham, mas é presente aos que a experimentam, as possíveis causas da criação e manutenção das desigualdades sociais são destacadas e se torna possível iniciar um processo de justiça social. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo buscou contribuir : 1) para as organizações, relações de trabalho e estudos de gênero, ao analisar as experiências das diferentes mulheres que realizam atividades de cuidado no seu cotidiano, as relações sociais as quais se envolvem e que as permitem se engajar no mercado de trabalho, os fatores geradores do conflito trabalho-família vivenciado por elas e que impactam o bom desempenho organizacional e, diante disso, criticar a lógica patriarcal dominante responsável pela manutenção da divisão sexual do trabalho; e 2) para a sociedade, com um maior entendimento acerca das experiências desiguais vivenciadas por essas mulheres, provocando uma conscientização acerca do papel das relações individuais, organizacionais e do Estado na organização do cuidado e sua incidência na apropriação do tempo de trabalho e energia das mulheres. Por fim, o estudo buscou explicitar a necessária disponibilização de serviços públicos, tais como: creches públicas, proteção social e acesso à previdência às donas de casa, e garantia de direitos que impeçam a exploração do trabalho doméstico e de cuidado. / [en] This thesis aimed to understand, through an intersectional thematic narrative analysis, the experiences of work-family reconciliation of the different women who make up child care circuits. To achieve this objective, interviews were carried out with four women who provide home care, paid or unpaid, to children aged 0 to 6 years old and who are part of the different links of a care circuit. To analyze the statements collected, the reflective thematic narrative analysis method, proposed by Braun and Clarke (2022), was used, along with an analytical model of intersectional narrative, suggested by the author of this study. The results found were presented in three major themes: 1) Individual Peculiarities Inserted in Social Conjunctures of Oppression; 2) Configurations and Strategies in a Care Circuit; and 3) Work-Family Conflict and Intersectionality in Care Work. Faced with the analysis of a heterogeneous profile of interviewees, initially, the individual peculiarities of each one were presented, and they collaborated to give visibility to the social context, which was the backdrop for the analysis of the other major themes. Next, the analysis of the configurations of the care circuit (Guimarães, 2020) researched demonstrated the intertwining of the different interactions that constitute the child care structure - highlighting who carries out the care activity, what meaning they attribute to work, what type of relationship social is stipulated for carrying out the work (commercial or non-commercial) and what form of retribution (monetary or not) is involved in this relationship. It was identified that the different social relationships that are woven into the organization of child care ensure that women who are mothers and who work outside the home can reconcile their care and professional demands. In this sense, it was found that dependent on care work is not only the child who is cared for, but also those who depend on care work carried out by other people to work. Furthermore, this study confirms that it is poor black women who carry out the majority of care work in Brazil. In relation to the results of the third major theme, Work-Family Conflict and Intersectionality in Care Work, the individual reasons that lead interviewees to experience work-family conflict were demonstrated, which were grouped into three themes: 1) The Accumulation of Activities and the Feeling of Guilt; 2) Barriers to Family Life; and 3) Obstacles Linked to Paid Work. These themes emerged based on previous reading on the subject, but two subthemes were revealed afterwards. They are: 1) Affections and Disaffections with the Paid Care Worker, which highlighted the conflicts experienced by the employer in relation to the professional care worker, which impact her professional life; and 2) Disagreements and the Effects of Informal Work, referring to the conflicts experienced by domestic workers that affect their family life and demonstrate the lack of appreciation and recognition of this job. The analysis of intersectional thematic narratives allowed us to identify, in a relational way, the different power relations that are present in a care circuit, which shape the way in which the diverse women who make up it balance the demands of work and family. In this way, it was found that patriarchy, racism and economic inequality are interconnected factors that privilege certain groups to the detriment of others and keep the exploitation of care workers (paid or unpaid) alive. By unveiling this complex relationship that is established invisibly to those who look, but is present to those who experience it, the possible causes of the creation and maintenance of social inequalities are highlighted and it becomes possible to initiate a process of social justice. In this sense, the present study sought to contribute: 1) to organizations, work relations and gender studies, by analyzing the experiences of different women who carry out care activities in their daily lives, the social relationships in which they engage and that allow them to engage in the labor market, the factors that generate the work-family conflict experienced by them and that impact good organizational performance and, in light of this, criticize the dominant patriarchal logic responsible for maintaining the sexual division of labor; and 2) for society, with a greater understanding of the unequal experiences lived by these women, raising awareness about the role of individual, organizational and State relationships in the organization of care and their impact on the appropriation of work time and energy of women. women. Finally, the study sought to clarify the necessary provision of public services, such as: public daycare centers, social protection and access to social security for housewives, and guaranteeing rights that prevent the exploitation of domestic and care work.

In this thesis 14 gender pedagogues’ stories about power and control are described and analysed. Here the term gender pedagogue refers to educators who have participated in further training in gender and gender equality studies. The training programme was the result of an initiative taken by the former Social Democratic government. The intention of the government was that those who participated in the training programme would then work as resource persons in the work for gender equality in preschools and schools (Frånberg, 2010; Regeringen, 2001a, 2001b; Wahlgren, 2009). The purpose of this study is to describe and analyse the gender pedagogues’ access to power and control in work for change. The theoretical framework chosen for the study consists of Basil Bernsteins concepts classification and framing (Bernstein, 1977, 2000) and Hildur Ve’s (1999a, 1999b) use of the concepts technical limited rationality and care work rationality. The empirical evidence is based on observations in a seminar series on gender issues and semi-structured interviews. The results of the interviews are presented as stories which have been created in the interplay between the gender pedagogues and the interviewer. One conclusion that can be drawn from the stories is that power relations and gender patterns on many different levels influenced the possibilities of the gender pedagogues for power and control. Power and control in the relation between technical limited rationality and care work rationality is expressed in different ways. It is seen in the possibilities and descriptions of resistance and difficulties. Resistance and difficulties depended, according to the gender pedagogues, on the differences between their own view of knowledge and that of others. If gender and gender equality was not considered to be an important area of knowledge, possibilities for power and control decreased.

This dissertation examines how perceptions of competence affect the care of older persons, and the values ​​and vocational conceptions of care work and care recipients that are tied to the perceptions of what skills that are needed and why. Competence is defined by three parts with relevance for the content of care work: what knowledge the care workers should have, what tasks they should perform and how they should respond to care recipients. The aim of this dissertation is to analyse how the care managers' and care workers' perceptions of competence form the direction of the care work and how that direction relates to the care recipients’ perceptions of and expectations on the care work.   The care work is characterised by what is analysed as an activation of the recipients - that the recipients themselves should perform as much of the care work as possible. The activation aims at managing the decay of the aging body and is motivated by a vocational conception of the care recipients as different from others, with designations as grateful and passive. This conception is analysed as generation character based on an idea among the care managers and care workers that the society in which the recipients grew up gave them certain cognitive prerequisites that have to be managed in the practical care work.   The care recipients in the study have opposing conceptions and perceptions of care work compared with the care managers and care workers. The recipients’ central objective with the care work is to prevent what has been interpreted as the disrepair of the home. The care recipients’ position in the organisation raises the problem of loyalty towards the care workers and in some sense the care managers. Their loyalty reduces their ability to complain and to influence their situation to the better.   Keywords: care of older persons, care needs, care work, care relationship, care receivers, care workers, care managers, competence, technologies, activation, generation character

The research was divided into two parts and mapped the current situation in the region of Czech Republic and Česke Budějovice in terms of care services for children under three years of age and respondents' oppinions related to these services, including relations with age, residence, education and reflection on starting work earlier than three years of a child. Statistical analysis was aimed at assessing dependency factors and the subsequent search of categories and where was a significant difference. It was a quantitative research. Object of inquiry was set 716 selected respondents, namely parents of children under the age of three from the Region of České Budějovice.

The thesis is focused on the suggestion of implementation of the prospectus, which leads towards the harmonization between work and family life of employees of research organization. The second area deal with European Union financial resources issue aim at research organization, or if you like it deal with Structural funds issue, that gives financial support to our implementation. Results of the thesis are further on check up in the real project that runs also in the time the thesis is drawn up.

Nyckeln till en djupare förståelse av omsorgsbegreppet ligger i omsorgens verkliga synlighet i förskolan. Att synliggöra begreppet omsorg är dock inte lätt. Hur beskrivs omsorgsarbetet och hur förstår pedagogerna omsorg på ett djupare plan? Syftet med vår studie är att undersöka pedagogers förståelse av begreppet och emotionellt omsorgsarbete samt att ta reda på hur förskolor aktivt arbetar med omsorgsfrågor i sina arbetslag. Våra forskningsfrågor är följande; a) Hur beskriver pedagoger sin förståelse av begreppet omsorg? b) Hur förklarar pedagoger arbetet med barns rätt till omsorg? c) Hur tar pedagoger hand om och tillgodoser barns känslomässiga behov i förskoleundervisningen? Resultatet visar att omsorgen sker ömsesidigt i samspelet mellan pedagoger och barn men eftersom begreppet omsorg är mångsidigt och svårtolkat blir det sekundärt i förskoleundervisningen. Alla barn har rätt till lika mycket omsorg men det ser olika ut på grund av olika faktorer som barns ålder, personaltäthet, resurser, storleken på barngruppen et cetera. Respondenterna i vår studie framhåller att det inte samtalas tillräckligt mycket kring omsorg och hur man bedriver och aktivt arbetar med barns känslomässiga behov i förskoleutbildningen. / The key to a deeper understanding of the concept of care lies in the real visibility of care in preschool. However, making the concept of care visible is not easy. One must consider what care look like in its entirety between children and adults in today's preschool? How is care work described and how do the educators understand care on a deeper level? The purpose of our study is to examine educators' understanding of the concept of care and emotional care work and to find out how preschools actively work with care issues in their work teams. Our research questions are as follows; a) How do educators describe their understanding of the concept of care? b) How do educators explain the work with children's right to care? c) How do educators care for and provide for children's emotional needs in preschool education? The result is based on analyzes from a care ethics perspective by Nel Noddings. We have used Noddings concept to link educators' descriptions, which are from a care ethics perspective; role model, dialogue, practical actions and confirmation. The result shows that care takes place mutually in the interaction between educators and children but since the concept of care is versatile and difficult to interpret it becomes secondary in preschool education. All children have the right to the same amount of care, but it looks different due to different factors such as children's age, staff density, resources, size of the group of children etc. The respondents in our study say that there isn’t enough talk about care and how to conduct and actively work with children's emotional needs in preschool education.

The gender division of care work and housework is a product of numerous factors, both individual and national. By using the ‘Equal Gender Division of Labour’ (EGDL) indicator developed by Dearing (2016a), this thesis assesses correlations between parental leave policy and division of reproductive labour in 27 countries. OLS regression was used to test the hypothesis and determine correlations. By controlling for the correlations of individual attitudes, the thesis attempted to isolate the effects of parental leave policies. The results indicate that parental leave policies which promote gender equality are positively correlated with men’s larger shares of care work and housework. When control variables are added, the results demonstrate how parental leave policy is directly correlated with men’s larger share of care work. As for men’s share of housework, the thesis suggests that the original correlations are due to the effect of individual attitudes, which may also be impacted by parental leave policy.

Care work is not a new subject for feminist research. However, it is still important to study because of the persistent social devaluation of care workers. Financial cutbacks, the intensification of work and the general insecurity of the labour market have meant additional challenges for women, who make up the overwhelming majority of those who perform this type of work. Nowadays, women continue to be over-represented in caring and “emotional” work. In this thesis, I focus on home care work as a particular form of care work and aim to analyse care workers’ emotional management and perceptions of their current work situation. The thesis is based on a qualitative study through interviews with night-time home care workers. Building on the theory of “emotional labour” as presented by Arlie Russel Hochschild (1983) in The Managed Heart, this paper argues that working at night poses additional emotional challenges to an already affected workforce. In a time of prominent challenges in Swedish healthcare, care workers must adapt to new ways of dealing with emotions.

[ES] La presente tesis doctoral aborda la relación existente entre teoría del cuidado y práctica artística. La desigualdad en las labores reproductivas y de mantenimiento con relación al género ha sido puesta en evidencia desde la década de 1970. A partir de la reclamación de la importancia de este tipo de trabajo, y de su posición central en las estructuras sociales, surge la ética del cuidado, pensamiento que se desarrolla especialmente en el ámbito filosófico y político. La investigación llevada a cabo pone de manifiesto que existe una fuerte influencia del pensamiento y las prácticas del cuidado en la creación artística del siglo XXI, especialmente en la zona del sur de Europa. Para abordar esta conexión se plantea un estudio dirigido a profesionales en España, Francia, Portugal e Italia, siendo los ámbitos profesionales objeto de estudio, los relacionados con el comisariado y la gestión cultural, las instituciones culturales y, por último, artistas y colectivos de artistas. Las respuestas obtenidas sobre prácticas laborales con relación al cuidado han sido analizadas y contextualizadas. Asimismo, se estudian y analizan diferentes casos paradigmáticos que presentan una notable vinculación con las prácticas del cuidado como son el Centro HUARTE en España, la bienal Manifesta 12 en Italia o el trabajo de la artista Céline Condorelli en Francia, entre otros. A partir de los mismos se constata que la influencia de la teoría del cuidado desempeña un protagonismo relevante en el ámbito artístico desde la década de 2010. Se aborda también el papel de los comunes urbanos como espacios de generación de infraestructuras de cuidado y los puntos esenciales que definen una estética del cuidado. Finalmente, se concluye que se confirma la hipótesis planteada y se realiza una clasificación de las orientaciones temáticas que el cuidado adopta en el ámbito expositivo contemporáneo. / [CA] La present tesi doctoral aborda la relació existent entre teoria de la cura i pràctica artística. La desigualtat en les labors reproductives i de manteniment en relació amb el gènere ha sigut posada en evidència des de la dècada de 1970. A partir de la reclamació de la importància d'aquesta mena de treball, i de la seua posició central en les estructures socials, sorgeix l'ètica de la cura, pensament que es desenvolupa especialment en l'àmbit filosòfic i polític. La investigació duta a terme posa de manifest que existeix una forta influència del pensament i les pràctiques de la cura en la creació artística del segle XXI, especialment en la zona del sud d'Europa. Per a abordar aquesta connexió es planteja un estudi dirigit a professionals a Espanya, França, Portugal i Itàlia, sent els àmbits professionals objecte d'estudi, els relacionats amb el comissariat i la gestió cultural, les institucions culturals i, finalment, artistes i col·lectius d'artistes. Les respostes obtingudes sobre pràctiques laborals en relació amb la cura han sigut analitzades i contextualitzades. Així mateix, s'estudien i analitzen diferents casos paradigmàtics que presenten una notable vinculació amb les pràctiques de la cura com són el Centre HUARTE a Espanya, la biennal Manifesta 12 a Itàlia o el treball de l'artista Céline Condorelli a França, entre altres. A partir dels mateixos es constata que la influència de la teoria de la cura exerceix un protagonisme rellevant en l'àmbit artístic des de la dècada de 2010. S'aborda també el paper dels comuns urbans com a espais de generació d'infraestructures de cura i els punts essencials que defineixen una estètica de la cura. Finalment, es conclou que es confirma la hipòtesi plantejada i es realitza una classificació de les orientacions temàtiques que la cura adopta en l'àmbit expositiu contemporani. / [EN] This thesis addresses the relationship between care theory and artistic practice. Since the 1970s, inequality in reproductive and maintenance tasks in relation to gender has been highlighted. The ethics of care arises from the claim of the importance of this type of work, and its central position in social structures, it is a thought that is developed especially in a philosophical and political field. The research carried out shows that there is a strong influence of care thinking and practices on the artistic creation of the 21st century, especially in southern Europe. To address this connection, a study aimed at professionals in Spain, France, Portugal and Italy is proposed. The professional fields under study are those related to curating and cultural management, cultural institutions and, finally, artists and artist collectives. The responses obtained on work practices in relation to care have been analysed and contextualized. Likewise, different paradigmatic cases that present a notable connection with care practices are studied, such as the HUARTE Center in Spain, the Manifesta 12 biennial in Italy or the work of the artist Céline Condorelli in France, among others. From these cases it is confirmed that the influence of care theory has played a relevant role in the artistic field since the 2010s. It is also addressed the role of urban commons as spaces generating care infrastructures and essential points that define an aesthetics of care. Finally, it is concluded that the proposed hypothesis is confirmed, in addition to a thematic classification of the ways in which care is adopted in the contemporary exhibition field. / Ferriols Montañana, A. (2024). Teoría del cuidado en el arte del siglo XXI. Propuestas de creación artística y gestión cultural en el sur de Europa durante el periodo 2000-2023 [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/203127