Este estudo analisa as demandas recebidas pela Chamada Pública Universal, que pode ser definida como uma fonte de fomento à ciência e tecnologia, desenvolvida pelo Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). Essa Chamada foi escolhida para o estudo em razão de suas características peculiares de capilaridade, grande relevância no sistema de ciência e tecnologia brasileiros e demanda não induzida, ou seja, permite-se o apoio a todo e qualquer tema de pesquisa científica e tecnológica no país. Por ser não induzida, a análise dos atores por metadados extraídos das propostas de submissão da chamada permitiu a aplicação do estudo de Análise de Redes Sociais (ARS), a discussão dos aspectos da gestão e da estrutura da ação de fomento. O estudo limitou-se aos metadados contidos nas palavras-chave das propostas alinhadas ao Programa Básico de Biociências, mais especificamente, nas áreas do conhecimento da Biofísica, Bioquímica, Farmacologia, Fisiologia e Neurociências. Nesse sentido, este trabalho apresenta um panorama das redes formadas pelas relações das palavras-chave e as respectivas áreas do conhecimento, região e instituição, associadas às propostas submetidas nas edições dos anos de 2009 a 2014. A análise das redes desenvolvidas propiciou refletir quanto às edições da Chamada Universal, bem como relacioná-las à distribuição do fomento no âmbito federal na grande área da ciência biológica. / This study analyzes the requests received by the Public Call Universal, which can be defined as a source of fomentation to science and technology, developed by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq). The Call was chosen for this study by its peculiar characteristics of coverage, great relevance into the system of the science and Brazilian technology and not induced demand, that is, it allows the support of each and every matter of scientific and technological research in the country. Because it is not induced, the analysis of the actors by metadata extracted from the call submission of proposals allowed the application of the study of Social Network Analysis (SNA), to discuss aspects of the management structure and the promotion of action. The study was limited to metadata contained on these keywords proposals aligned to the Biosciences Basic Programme, specifically in the areas of knowledge of Biophysics, Biochemistry, Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience. In this sense, this paper presents an overview of the networks formed by the relationships of keywords and their areas of knowledge, and region institution, associated with the proposals submitted on the issues of the years 2009 to 2014. The analysis of developed networks allow a reflection of issues Call Universal and relate them to the distribution of development at the federal level in the area of biological science.

O surgimento das tecnologias da informação e da comunicação na sociedade moderna, faz emergir também novas formas e possibilidades de comunicação e educação, em um processo de inter-relação. A mediação tecnológica presente nos espaços educativos altera a maneira de pensar e intervir, produzindo novas educações e modificando de fato as relações sociais. Os grupos de estudo instalados dentro de universidades são, na atualidade, diretamente influenciados pelo avanço tecnológico e permitem, com o advento da Internet, a comunicação e a interação com outros espaços educativos, possibilitando a criação de uma rede de conhecimento. O Grupo de Estudo Cibernética Pedagógica Laboratório de Linguagens Digitais LLD, reforçando seu histórico na relação entre comunicação e educação por meio das novas tecnologias, propõe ampliar essa discussão, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento de pesquisas na área. / The emergence of information technology and communication in modern society, bring out new forms and possibilities of communication and education, in a process of interrelationship. The technological mediation present in the educational spaces, changes the way of think, producing \"new educations\" and changing the social relations. The study groups are installed in universities, in currently, are influenced by technology advanced and allow, with the advent of Internet communication and interaction with other educational spaces enabling the creation of a knowledge network. The Study Group Pedagogical Cybernetics - Digital Language Lab - LLD, increasing its history in the interrelationship communication and education through new technologies proposes to extend this discussion by contributing to the development of research in the area.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T16:45:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Elisa Martins Pacheco de Castro.pdf: 671895 bytes, checksum: 7a0eca6d9a61dad47a8a9c482281c8a7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / While companies compete directly in the same industry, this does not mean that innovate in the same way. With this the search for partnerships has been identified as a common practice among companies perceived as effective and internalization of R&D, strategic before, is giving way to new forms open collaborative. Understanding how companies manage the open knowledge for sustainable competitive advantage is the central question of this research. Because it is a subject little explored in Brazil, there is little clarity about the types of knowledge shared within the open collaborative networks. This makes it necessary to broaden knowledge about collaboration and knowledge. To increase this understanding, this research will present a single case study, conducted in a leading company in its industry, which funded its business model on open innovation. The research was made possible by the innovative adaptation of the organization's two conceptual models: a collaboration that helped in the classification of innovative internal staff and listed the characteristics of each one, and another of knowledge, which evaluated the types of knowledge shared between actors open innovation with the aim of seeking to relate the success of the company's innovative model of the nature of knowledge among innovative agents affairs. The results indicated that the dynamics of knowledge happens through the exchange of knowledge hierarchy. Companies that make use of open innovation are inserted at specific times of the spiral of knowledge of the community of practice and implement innovations, and generally incremental, depending on the model established by communities of practice. Note, therefore, the existence of managerial implications for the use of open innovation. It is expected that the results of this study provide knowledge to advance the studies on knowledge management in open innovation / Embora empresas concorram diretamente na mesma indústria, isto não significa que inovam da mesma forma. Com isto, a busca de parcerias tem sido identificada como uma prática comum entre as empresas tidas como eficazes e a internalização do P&D, antes estratégica, vem cedendo lugar a novas formas colaborativas abertas. Entender como as empresas gerenciam o conhecimento aberto para obter vantagens competitivas sustentáveis é a questão central desta pesquisa. Por ser um assunto pouco explorado no Brasil, há pouca clareza sobre os tipos de conhecimento compartilhados dentro das redes colaborativas abertas. Isto faz com que seja necessário aumentar os conhecimentos gerais sobre colaboração e conhecimento. Para aumentar este entendimento, esta pesquisa apresentará um estudo de caso único, realizado em uma empresa líder em seu setor de atuação, que fundamentou seu modelo de negócios sobre a inovação aberta. A pesquisa foi viabilizada pela adaptação do modelo inovador da organização a dois modelos conceituais: um de colaboração, que auxiliou na classificação dos agentes inovadores internos e elencou as características de cada um, e outro de conhecimento, que avaliou os tipos de conhecimento compartilhado entre os atores de inovação aberta com a finalidade de buscar relacionar o sucesso do modelo inovador da empresa à natureza do conhecimento compartilhado entre agentes inovadores internos. Os resultados indicaram que a dinâmica do conhecimento acontece por meio da troca hierarquizada de conhecimentos. As empresas que fazem uso da inovação aberta se inserem em momentos específicos da espiral do conhecimento da comunidade de prática e executam inovações, de um modo geral incrementais, dependentes do modelo estabelecido pelas comunidades de prática. Nota-se, portanto, a existência de implicações gerenciais para utilização da inovação aberta. Espera-se que os resultados deste estudo forneçam subsídios para avançar os estudos sobre a gestão do conhecimento em inovação aberta

在實戰經驗中，創造價值的根基來自組織核心能力和組織知識流通，同時深受內外部技術知識網路互動機制的影響。從文獻和實際個案探討中發現幾項特徵： 一、技術知識特質專屬性程度低，影響企業技術知識網路傾向與外部結合，專屬性程度高則傾向與內部結合。技術知識外顯程度低而附著於人時，內部技術知識網路傾向集中；外顯程度文件化高時，內部技術知識網路則傾向分散。 二、內部技術知識網路分工精細，組織知識較多樣化，組織知識流通漸趨複雜，必須經由專案團隊的組成和跨疆界的連結，促進組織知識的流通。軟體產品開發團隊成員包括：結構工程師(Architect)、產品經理(PM)、研發工程師(RD))、測試工程師(QA)以及介面設計工程師(PC)。 三、內部技術網路跨疆界的連結，促進組織動態能耐的演進。內部技術知識網路依靠主要成員開創和維繫，同時為組織核心能力之形成，奠定發展根基。組織知識的流通，非常需要團隊跨層級、跨功能、跨疆界順暢無礙的運作。 四、內部技術知識網路連結機制有效的建立和運用，直接影響組織知識的吸收、創造、和蓄積。企業應相當著重溝通機制的設計和推動。如老手帶新手的師徒制、各種例行會議、技術交流會、超聯結式的空中飛人、進駐現場、內部學習網站，都是用心營造組織知識的吸收、創造、和蓄積的良好連結機制。 五、顧客知識成為技術知識重要來源，有助於組織知識吸引、創造和蓄積，強化組織能力。 六、在Internet時代，因應科技變化，發展網際網路化(Weblization)技術知識，融合擴張以建構專屬核心能力。讓顧客能力成為組織技術知識的來源。並能乘科技興起之勢(Free Energy)，創新商業模式，發揮善用組織知識，創造企業全新價值。

This dissertation investigates the intersection between music, gender, religion, and state agencies in the war against HIV /AIDS in Tanzania. The dissertation explores how music, gender and sexuality, religion, and state agencies impact one another in the creative process of musical and dramatic performances that address the education and prevention of HIV/AIDS. The ethnographic data, which focuses on musical and dramatic performance groups in Bukoba Urban and Rural Districts in Kagera Region, and Dar es Salaam Region, was collected from September 2008–May 2009. The dissertation views performance from multiple perspectives: as an avenue for the production of diverse types of knowledge such as musical, biomedical, religious, and localized or indigenous knowledge about healing in the context of HIV/AIDS; as a space in which gender and religious ideologies and identities are displayed and contested; and finally, as the space in which the manifestations of negotiations of power relations take place. The dissertation shows that health is at the center of music and dramatic performances as they are concerned with the maintenance of individual and community health. By doing so, performances serve as the hub of the social agency in preventing ill health and in restoring the well-being of the individual and communities at large. With regard to music, gender, and sexuality, the dissertation demonstrates that music performance is not only considered an avenue that provides one of the best contexts for observing and understanding the gender structure of any society. Performance is also a space for public discourse on sexuality in the context of HIV/AIDS. The state and religious ideology affect the creative process by either attempting to control meanings or by preventing certain performance. However, such attempts are not always successful. Finally, the dissertation demonstrates that performance is more than space for message-oriented or crowd-attracting activity but serves as a site upon which readings of the social transformation of gender roles through performance can take place. / text

The global business environment has changed dramatically in recent years, as competition in complex knowledge-based economies has increased. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems have been viewed as a way to manage increased business complexity, leading to the rapid adoption and implementation of such systems, as ERP can support enterprises to improve their competitiveness. Knowledge management (KM) is crucial for ERP systems implementation, however a highly demanding task. Therefore, the primary concern of this research is to examine the effectiveness of knowledge management activities that would contribute to achieve ERP implementation success. This study adopted mixed methods approach by combining semi-structured interviews and a questionnaire to collect empirical data from ERP professionals in both manufacturing and service sector organisations. In the qualitative phase, it develops the “framework of integrative knowledge” based on empirical evidence, that can improve KM competence for ERP implementation success. Data analysis has been undertaken using a combination of thematic analysis and comparative analysis with respect to 14 ERP implementations in the UK. The framework integrates multiple perspectives in terms of knowledge components to enhance KM competence, including knowledge types, knowledge layers, KM lifecycle and knowledge determinants. It discovered 19 knowledge determinants to drive knowledge management activities during ERP projects, which is another vital contribution to the existing knowledge. Furthermore, the study develops the “knowledge network model” for ERP implementations in order to facilitate the knowledge flows between various stakeholders involved in ERP implementations, which can help to understand the interactions between the knowledge components. Moreover, sub-knowledge types (knowledge elements) under each knowledge type were discovered through empirical evidence. The quantitative phase was adopted to extend the findings of the qualitative phase. The knowledge types and knowledge elements were prioritised using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method through an online AHP based questionnaire with 77 responses from ERP professionals involved in UK ERP implementations. Furthermore, knowledge prioritisation demonstrates how effectively the framework of integrative knowledge can be used during ERP implementations with the help of prioritised knowledge. In total 4 knowledge types and 21 knowledge elements were ranked based on their contribution to achieve ERP success; four variables of information quality, systems quality, individual impact and organisational impact were used to measure ERP success. This study has number of theoretical contributions including framework of integrative knowledge, knowledge network model for ERP implementations and ERP knowledge prioritisation. Moreover, the framework of integrative knowledge can provide ERP practitioners with useful guidance on what the key knowledge determinants are and how the relationships between knowledge components should be best managed to achieve ERP implementation success in business reality.

Knowledge is one of the most important values of companies, work-teams and other organizations. It is one of competitive advantages and so it is important to share the knowledge among individuals in the organization. The discipline of knowledge management deals with the issue of systematic work with knowledge and sharing for several decades. The sharing and finding of knowledge should be supported via suitable software tools, currently using the Internet network. This work deals with problematic of knowledge management from the viewpoint of different methods of software support. The text approaches the problem of sharing of knowledge in a hypertext form. The problem is solved not only on theoretical base, but also from the viewpoint of system design and implementation. The knowledge is saved in the form of "knowledge network" based on text contents, authors and keywords. The data are saved in the form of RDF graph using PHP and ARC2 Framework. The developed system will be used not only for support of dealing with knowledge in the courses of project management at University of Economics in Prague.

在創新系統中，產、學、研為新技術與知識積蓄的點，創新網絡中節點與節點之間的互動扮演重要的角色。區域內領導性廠商為了取得技術優勢，提供經費購買技術、引進技術等外部資源建立核心能力，在區域內形成產、學、研的技術聯盟組織，形塑區域特殊產業。各單位所交織形成的網絡動態為有助於區域創新活動的決定性因素。 透過這樣的角度來檢視台灣，本研究以區域創新系統的角度出發，觀察「數位遊戲」這項新興產業在技術與知識網絡中，行動者之間彼此的互動連結。將廠商、相關研究機構、產業公協會、人才培育機構、大專院校與育成中心視為區域創新網絡的驅動角色，透過問卷調查與社會學中的網絡分析工具，觀察網絡中技術與知識的互動關係。本研究的主要結論如下： ㄧ、由本研究實證結果發現，台灣北部區域所形塑遊戲產業產官學研合作所環繞的創新氛圍十分強烈。北部區域中，又以台北縣中和「遠東世紀廣場科技園區」與台北市「南港軟體工業園區」分別為遊戲產業高度密集聚點。 二、由於台灣數位遊戲產業各廠商之間的封閉性，各單位間技術與知識的互動關係偏低。廠商之間的網絡活動主要是以垂直性的關係為主，而非水平性的關係。廠商傾向倚賴國際之間網絡技術資源。 三、知識網絡中越是有能力的單位，越可能處於技術網絡的核心位置。也就是原本在遊戲產業中處於優勢地位的單位，基於資訊流通與知識傳遞方便的優勢，技術能力的掌握能力亦強，少數特定單位重複扮演技術與知識互動的重要角色。本研究從網絡結構中證實了技術與知識的高度關係。 四、技術網絡的連結模式呈現環環相扣的環狀結構，彼此交流與技術互動的相當頻繁與快速。知識網絡的星狀連結模式，具有明顯的核心單位，此類結構有利於知識的傳遞，處於散佈節點的單位居處特別重要的地位。 / In the innovation system, firms, schools and research institutes are new technology and knowledge storage places. The interactions between nodes play important roles in the innovation networks. In order to gain technology advantages, leading firms provide expenses to purchase and introduce technology to establish core ability. They form consortia with other firms, schools, and research institutes to build up regional specific industries in the regions. The dynamic network formed from the interaction of units is the main factor to facilitate regional innovative activities. This thesis is on the basis of Regional Innovation System (RIS) in Taiwan and takes “Digital Games” for example. Each actor interacts in the technology and knowledge networks in the RIS. Regarding firms, associate research institutes and industry associations as driving roles in the innovative networks, this thesis applies innovation networks surveys and the methodology of Social network analysis in Sociology to observe technology and knowledge interactions in the innovative networks. The major conclusions are as follows: First, “Far East Century Scientific Square” in Jhonghe City and “ Nan-Gang Software Industrial Park” in Taipei City are surrounded extremely strongly innovation milieu in the north of Taiwan. Secondly, owing to self-contained, digital games firms are deficient in interaction with each other. Activities in the networks are vertical relations almost, not horizontal ones. Firms tend to depending on international technology resources in the networks. The third, many competent actors basing on the advantage of information and knowledge transfer very quickly and conveniently in knowledge networks are located in the core of technology networks. A small number of firms repeatedly play the important role in technology and knowledge networks. From the network structure, this thesis proved technology and knowledge have a close relationship. Finally, technology networks display circular structures which exchange and transfer quite frequently and quickly; knowledge networks display star structure which have apparent core units and which are advantageous to transfer knowledge.

Lern- und Innovationsprozesse erfordern den Zugang zu externem Wissen und die Zusammenführung von Wissensbasen verschiedener Akteure und Akteursgruppen (u.a. Wirtschaft, Wissenschaft, öfffentliche Verwaltung, sowie weitere Innovationsträger). Wissenschafts- und Technologieparks (WTP) sind in diesem Zusammenhang ein wichtiges Instrument der wissensbasierten Regionalentwicklung, um konkrete Orte des Lernens und von Innovationen zu schaffen. Jedoch die relativ schwache Interaktion zwischen Unternehmen und Wissenschaft in diesen Innovationsräumen sowie die gleichzeitig zunehmend empirisch belegte Relevanz von globalen Wissensflüssen und Innovationsnetzwerken erfordern die Spezifizierung der maßgebenden Einflußfaktoren von Wissensbeziehungen. Mehrdimensionale Nähe- und Distanzbeziehungen kennzeichnen interorganisatorische Beziehungen des Wissensaustauschs und der Wissensgenerierung. Diese Arbeit analysiert die spezifischen Nähekonstellationen zwischen Unternehmen und wissenschaftlichen Einrichtungen in direkten sowie - durch Wissensnetzwerk-Management systematisch organisiert - in indirekten Wissensbeziehungen. Die konzeptionellen Ansätze der Proximity-Forschung sowie des Wissensmanagements bieten die Grundlage für die empirische Untersuchung der Wissensnetzwerke von Technologiefirmen in den WTP Berlin-Adlershof und Sevilla-Cartuja. Unterschiedliche Typen von Technologieunternehmen in Hinblick auf die Struktur und räumliche Dimension der Wissensbeziehungen zu Wissenschaft und Forschung stellen ein wesentliches Ergebnis der Arbeit dar. Die Arbeit belegt zudem die Funktion mehrdimensionaler Nähe in den Wissensbeziehungen. Des Weiteren wird die Organisation notwendiger und wichtiger Nähedimensionen durch Instrumente des Wissensnetzwerk-Managements aufgezeigt, um Wissensbeziehungen zu erschließen, zu aktivieren und nutzbar zu machen. Aufbauend auf den Ergebnissen werden Handlungsempfehlungen für das Management von WTP und weiteren räumlichen Innovationssystemen abgeleitet. / In the knowledge-based ecomomy, innovation is characterized by a dynamic and interactive learning process involving diverse actors; industry, science, public administration, as well as other entities and sub-systems. In this regard, science and technology parks (STP) have become a prominent instrument of regional governments to create specific localities of learning and innovation. However, empirical evidence increasingly points to rather weak local industry-academia interaction in STPs in specifically and the equivalent importance of local and non-local connections as roots of knowledge diffusion and innovation more generally. Multi-faceted proximity determines the multi-scalar process of knowledge sourcing and knowledge interaction. This dissertation thesis analyses the specific proximity configurations given in direct ties and organized through knowledge network management (KNM) in STP resident firms’ indirect linkages to scientific knowledge sources. The theoretical approaches of the proximity framework and knowledge management provide the analytical framework for the empirical analysis of egocentric knowledge networks to academia of high-technology firms located in the Berlin-Adlershof and Seville-Cartuja science parks. Based on this theoretical and methodological framework, I identify distinct types of knowledge-seeking STP resident companies in regard to the quality, form and geography of interactive ties to science. Furthermore, the thesis sheds light on the specific proximity configurations relevant in successful industry-academia knowledge relations. Furthermore, it reveals the underlying mechanisms of specific KNM instruments organizing necessary and critical proximities in order to forge, activate and harness knowledge networks on distinct geographical scales. Based on the analysis’ findings, specific policy recommendations for the management of STPs and other kinds of territorial innovation systems are developed.