Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:22:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eliana Kamada Gabriel.pdf: 862522 bytes, checksum: a49c7733a4b586e8655cbbd96e0b215b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-16 / Having as a starting point the advertising in the globalized consumer market, theme that serves as a background for developing this study, and at the same time, reflecting on the profound changes in society, that began in the United Kingdom with the Industrial Revolution during the mid-eighteenth century and culminated in the current globalized consumer society, in which marketing plays a fundamental role, by creating desires and influencing individuals in their consumption choices, we intend to investigate whether the advertisements aired on electronic media obey the rules contained in code of Consumer Rights and in what situations they fall abusive. Regards methodology, the study is oriented by deductivist approach and technique of bibliographic research. As for the structure, the research includes five chapters. The first is devoted to the study of the origin of individual rights and guarantees, the evolution of the citizenship and the constitutional protection of consumer, even regarding relations firmed at the web. The second chapter discusses the rise of diffuse and collective rights as a new category of rights, whose goal is the protection of rights and interests that transcend the individual level because they belong to the community and include the right to health, a healthy environment, quality of life and the publicity which respects the principles sculptured in the Code of Consumer Protection. The third chapter discusses about the integration of the Civil Code and the Consumer Protection Code, standard character principle which constitutes a guideline for consumer protection, and has the nature of micro system, given their interaction with civil law and other legal branches. The consumer market, the offer and the electronic media, the abusive and misleading advertising and its consequences, as well as advertising principles that protect the internet user consumer, will be scrutinized in the fourth chapter. The fifth chapter discusses the phenomenon of online social networks, new ways of advertising to the online environment, without forgetting the abusive ways that comes within this process, justifying the existence of institutional control as CONAR and its rules of advertising self-regulation. Finally, it is safe to say that marketing is a product of mass society and, as such, can become aggressive and violate principles of advertising sculptured at the Consumer Defense Code, in particular when wants to earn money with electronic media for broadcasting advertisement, featuring abusiveness in some cases, either by invading the private sphere of the individual, either present as a veiled advertising / Tomando como ponto de partida a publicidade no mercado globalizado de consumo, tema que serve de pano de fundo para o desenvolvimento deste estudo, e ao mesmo tempo refletindo sobre as profundas alterações sociais que iniciaram no Reino Unido, com a Revolução Industrial ocorrida em meados do século XVIII, e culminaram na atual sociedade de consumo globalizada, na qual o marketing desempenha papel fundamental ao criar desejos e influenciar o indivíduo em suas escolhas de consumo, pretende-se verificar se as peças publicitárias veiculadas nos meios eletrônicos obedecem às regras contidas no Código de Defesa do Consumidor e em quais situações elas se relevam abusivas. No plano metodológico, o estudo se orienta pela abordagem dedutivista e a técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica. Quanto à estrutura, a pesquisa contempla cinco capítulos. O primeiro se dedica ao estudo da origem dos direitos e garantias individuais, evolução do conceito de cidadania e proteção constitucional do consumidor, inclusive no âmbito das relações firmadas via web. O segundo capítulo discorre sobre o surgimento dos direitos difusos e coletivos como nova categoria de direitos, cujo objetivo é a tutela dos interesses e direitos que transcendem a esfera individual, pois pertencem à coletividade, como o direito à saúde, ao meio ambiente saudável, à qualidade de vida e à publicidade que respeite os princípios insculpidos no Código de Defesa do Consumidor. O terceiro capítulo analisa a integração do Código Civil e do Código de Defesa do Consumidor, norma esta de caráter principiológico, de diretriz de defesa do consumidor e, ainda, de natureza de microssistema, haja vista a sua interação com a legislação civil e com normas de outros ramos do direito. O mercado de consumo, a oferta e os meios eletrônicos, as publicidades abusiva e enganosa e seus desdobramentos, bem como os princípios publicitários que protegem o consumidor internauta serão esmiuçados no quarto capítulo. O quinto capítulo aborda o fenômeno das redes sociais online, as novas modalidades de publicidade que aderem ao ambiente virtual, sem olvidar a abusividade que vem a reboque deste processo, justificando a existência de controles institucionais como o Conar e suas normas de autorregulamentação da publicidade. Por fim, é certo afirmar que o marketing é um produto da sociedade de massa e, como tal, pode se tornar agressivo e violar princípios da publicidade insculpidos no CDC, em especial quando se vale dos meios eletrônicos para veiculação da publicidade, caracterizando em alguns casos a abusividade, seja por invadir a esfera privada do indivíduo, seja por apresentar-se como publicidade velada

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:30:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CAPITULO I.pdf: 3435123 bytes, checksum: 3a217406f96215893a8f341510f2421a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-07-14 / How wrote Marx and Engels (1998), the production is very important to man, more than this, it`s the responsible by own humanization; to measure that the men, to opposite of the animals that live by nature (offer of foods, resisting by climatic intemperance etc), get to produce the instrument of survival (foods, clothes, home etc). However, we verified that in the human sciences, specifically at the Geography, in the last epochs has been given little attention to the production, mainly to industrialization. In this study, we realized a analysis about the industry`s importance at the Southwest of the Parana`s development, region of new population occupation, happened mainly after the 1940`s. By the realization of that study, proceeded to light from the historic materialism, method which to consist, thick manner, in to analyses the formations and transformations occurred at the society from active production and from work`s connections intrinsic to its. The theoretical reference Marxism mainly the Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Vladimir Lenin, Karl Kautsky, Ignácio Rangel, Armem Mamigonian`s studies, among others abetted us to that realized a detailed research, interviewing owns and executives of industrial unities from region, salaried workers etc, looking at to get information and dies about the thematic studied. In this discourse, we analyzed: 1) the importance of the industry (mainly the wood`s branch) to the population of this region from Parana; 2) we verified the conditions that the social formation (marked by presence of few owns of earth, craftsmen and merchants) offered to organize a few merchant production; 3) we saw the importance that had the financial capital, as modernizing the agricultural as financing the industrial production (mainly from the second half at 1970`s); 4) we saw the importance that the abetment politics to industrialization, the offer of raw materials, and of work`s power, have been to attract industrial unities to this region; and, 5) we verified the increase of income advanced by industry, that besides, has been contributed, somehow, to a geral advancement of the life`s conditions from Southwest of the Parana`s population. / Como escreveram Marx e Engels (1998), a produção é de suma importância ao homem, mais do que isso, ela é responsável pela própria humanização; à medida que os homens, ao contrário dos animais que vivem à mercê da natureza (da oferta de alimentos, resistindo às intempéries climáticas etc.), conseguem produzir os meios de sobrevivência dos quais necessitam (alimentos, vestuário, residências etc.). No entanto, verificamos que nas ciências humanas, especificamente na Geografia, nos últimos tempos tem-se dado pouca atenção à produção, principalmente à industrialização. Nessa pesquisa, realizamos uma análise da importância da indústria no desenvolvimento do Sudoeste do Paraná, região de ocupação populacional recente, ocorrida principalmente após a década de 1940. Para a realização de tal estudo, procedemos à luz do materialismo histórico, método que consiste, grosso modo, em analisar as formações e transformações ocorridas na sociedade a partir da organização produtiva e das relações de trabalho inerentes a ela. O referencial teórico marxista principalmente estudos de Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Vladimir Lenin, Karl Kautsky, Ignácio Rangel, Armem Mamigonian, entre outros nos apoiou para que realizássemos uma pesquisa minuciosa, entrevistando proprietários e/ou administradores de unidades industriais da região, trabalhadores assalariados etc., visando obter informações e dados acerca da temática estudada. Nessa dissertação, analisamos: 1) a importância da indústria (principalmente o ramo da madeira) para o povoamento dessa região do Paraná; 2) verificamos as condições que a formação social (marcada pela presença de pequenos proprietários de terra, artesãos e comerciantes) ofereceu ao constituir uma pequena produção mercantil; 3) observamos a importância que o capital financeiro teve, tanto modernizando a agricultura como financiando a produção industrial (principalmente a partir da segunda metade da década de 1970); 4) observamos a importância que as políticas de fomento à industrialização, as inovações no processo produtivo, bem como a oferta de matérias-primas, e de força de trabalho, têm tido para atrair unidades industriais para essa região; e, 5) verificamos o aumento de renda promovido pela indústria, que, aliás, tem contribuído, de certa forma, para uma melhoria geral das condições de vida da população do Sudoeste do Paraná.

The aim of this bachelor thesis was to examine how news journalism represented the two swedish journalists Kim Wall and Nils Horner, when describing their posthumous reputation after they were murdered during assignments. The research questions examined were: How does the journalism, in describing their posthumous reputations, portray the story of Kim Wall, and Nils Horner? What differences and similarities can be found in how they are portrayed as journalists, and as victims? We used Faircloughs critical discourse analysis (CDA) to find reoccurring discourses in the description of Horner and Wall. By examining the characteristics they were assigned and what conclusions the audience were offered to draw about their journalistic competence and about them as victims of murder, we found many similarities between Horner and Wall. They are both described as exceptionally competent. They are also portrayed as born with a “calling” towards the journalistic profession, and in both cases, they are ascribed with next to supernatural characteristics. As victims of murder we found them to be portrayed as idealistic, with some variations in relation to the description of the content of their character, and where the murder took place. Our study shows that the discourses we found contribute to the creation of heroic myths in the news journalisms description of them. They are elevated, and our conclusion is that by elevating their murdered colleagues as heroes, the news journalists are also elevating themselves and, in turn, the journalistic profession.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T14:42:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CAPITULO I.pdf: 3435123 bytes, checksum: 3a217406f96215893a8f341510f2421a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-07-14 / How wrote Marx and Engels (1998), the production is very important to man, more than this, it`s the responsible by own humanization; to measure that the men, to opposite of the animals that live by nature (offer of foods, resisting by climatic intemperance etc), get to produce the instrument of survival (foods, clothes, home etc). However, we verified that in the human sciences, specifically at the Geography, in the last epochs has been given little attention to the production, mainly to industrialization. In this study, we realized a analysis about the industry`s importance at the Southwest of the Parana`s development, region of new population occupation, happened mainly after the 1940`s. By the realization of that study, proceeded to light from the historic materialism, method which to consist, thick manner, in to analyses the formations and transformations occurred at the society from active production and from work`s connections intrinsic to its. The theoretical reference Marxism mainly the Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Vladimir Lenin, Karl Kautsky, Ignácio Rangel, Armem Mamigonian`s studies, among others abetted us to that realized a detailed research, interviewing owns and executives of industrial unities from region, salaried workers etc, looking at to get information and dies about the thematic studied. In this discourse, we analyzed: 1) the importance of the industry (mainly the wood`s branch) to the population of this region from Parana; 2) we verified the conditions that the social formation (marked by presence of few owns of earth, craftsmen and merchants) offered to organize a few merchant production; 3) we saw the importance that had the financial capital, as modernizing the agricultural as financing the industrial production (mainly from the second half at 1970`s); 4) we saw the importance that the abetment politics to industrialization, the offer of raw materials, and of work`s power, have been to attract industrial unities to this region; and, 5) we verified the increase of income advanced by industry, that besides, has been contributed, somehow, to a geral advancement of the life`s conditions from Southwest of the Parana`s population. / Como escreveram Marx e Engels (1998), a produção é de suma importância ao homem, mais do que isso, ela é responsável pela própria humanização; à medida que os homens, ao contrário dos animais que vivem à mercê da natureza (da oferta de alimentos, resistindo às intempéries climáticas etc.), conseguem produzir os meios de sobrevivência dos quais necessitam (alimentos, vestuário, residências etc.). No entanto, verificamos que nas ciências humanas, especificamente na Geografia, nos últimos tempos tem-se dado pouca atenção à produção, principalmente à industrialização. Nessa pesquisa, realizamos uma análise da importância da indústria no desenvolvimento do Sudoeste do Paraná, região de ocupação populacional recente, ocorrida principalmente após a década de 1940. Para a realização de tal estudo, procedemos à luz do materialismo histórico, método que consiste, grosso modo, em analisar as formações e transformações ocorridas na sociedade a partir da organização produtiva e das relações de trabalho inerentes a ela. O referencial teórico marxista principalmente estudos de Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Vladimir Lenin, Karl Kautsky, Ignácio Rangel, Armem Mamigonian, entre outros nos apoiou para que realizássemos uma pesquisa minuciosa, entrevistando proprietários e/ou administradores de unidades industriais da região, trabalhadores assalariados etc., visando obter informações e dados acerca da temática estudada. Nessa dissertação, analisamos: 1) a importância da indústria (principalmente o ramo da madeira) para o povoamento dessa região do Paraná; 2) verificamos as condições que a formação social (marcada pela presença de pequenos proprietários de terra, artesãos e comerciantes) ofereceu ao constituir uma pequena produção mercantil; 3) observamos a importância que o capital financeiro teve, tanto modernizando a agricultura como financiando a produção industrial (principalmente a partir da segunda metade da década de 1970); 4) observamos a importância que as políticas de fomento à industrialização, as inovações no processo produtivo, bem como a oferta de matérias-primas, e de força de trabalho, têm tido para atrair unidades industriais para essa região; e, 5) verificamos o aumento de renda promovido pela indústria, que, aliás, tem contribuído, de certa forma, para uma melhoria geral das condições de vida da população do Sudoeste do Paraná.

L’apparition de l’acquisition et de la cession des actions étrangères en Chine s’inscrit dans la progression de développement de l’économie chinoise qui a été fortement stimulée par l’application de la politique d’ouverture. Depuis l’adhésion à l’OMC en 2001,les modes d’investissement de l’acquisition et de la cession d’actions ont graduellement commencé à remplacer celle d’investissement relative simplement à l’installation d’une entreprise étrangère en Chine. Bien que la législation chinoise ait essayé de contribuer à la protection de ces nouvelles modes d’investissement étranger, les défauts de loi ainsi que le vide juridique deviennent comme même l’obstacle principal qui empêche le développement de l’acquisition et la cession des actions étrangères en Chine. Dans ce contexte, la problématique de cette thèse est d’une part d’analyser l’ensemble des dispositions actuelles portant sur l’acquisition et la cession des actions étrangères afin de les mettre en œuvre en pratique, d’autre part de rationaliser les mécanismes juridiques chinois en recherchant la possibilité de réforme proposé. / The acquisition and the cession of foreign capital stocks have emerged with the development of Chinese economy since the Chinese reform and open policy tended to practice. As China has participated in the WTO, the investment modes as the acquisition and the cession of foreign capital stocks have replaced gradually the former mode which just tried to found enterprises in China. Even though the legislation in China always attempts to protect these new investment modes, the defects of law and the juridical vacuum still obstruct the development of the acquisition and the cession of foreign capital stocks in China. In this condition, this thesis tries to firstly analyze the existing legal provisions comprehensively for truly implementing the acquisition and the cession of foreign capital stocks; secondly, it also purposes to rationalize the Chinese legal system through researching the feasibility of some reformation.

La cession est une solution incontournable du droit des entreprises en difficulté.Déterminer les droits des créanciers dans le cadre d’un plan de cession s’avère pourtant une tâche délicate.Le droit des entreprises en difficulté a fait l’objet de réformes importantes (loi du 26 juillet 2005, ordonnance du 18 décembre 2008 et ordonnance du 12 mars 2014 dans une moindre mesure).Dans le même temps, le droit des sûretés subissait des évolutions nombreuses (ordonnance du 23 mars 2006, loi du 19 février 2007, loi du 04 août 2008, ordonnance du 30 janvier 2009) mais parcellaires, preuve du manque de cohérence du législateur en la matière.Les réformes du droit des entreprises en difficulté et du droit des sûretés ont révélé l’absence de ligne directrice claire en ce qui concerne l’articulation de ces deux droits. Les réformes du droit des entreprises en difficulté et du droit des sûretés aboutissent à un enchevêtrement des textes, rendant leur application particulièrement complexe.Les nombreuses interrogations tant théoriques que pratiques créent une insécurité juridique.Dès lors, en me basant notamment sur les difficultés rencontrées dans le cadre de mon activité professionnelle ou sur celles pointées du doigt par la doctrine et les commentateurs de textes, consécutives aux évolutions législatives récentes, l’objectif de ce travail de recherche est de procéder à des recommandations à l’endroit des professionnels ainsi que de réaliser des propositions visant à un meilleur équilibre des intérêts en présence. / The sale of a business is one of the most important insolvency solutions.However it’s a hard task to determinate creditor’s rights under these circumstances.Insolvency law has deeply changed consequently to main reforms (Act of July 26, 2005 called the “Safeguard Act”, Order of December 18, 2008 and to a lesser extent Order of March 12, 2014).At the same time, guarantee law has been modified by lots of reforms too (Order of March 23, 2006, Act of February 19, 2007, Act of August 4, 2008, Order of January 30, 2009).These reforms were fragmented. Furthermore they have been built without guideline. As a result, the articulation between insolvency law and guarantee law is very difficult.The theoretical and practical questions generate a real legal insecurity.The goal of this research work is to make insolvency practitioners propositions based on, amongst others, doctrine’s comments and criticism. The objective of these propositions is to establish a better balance between the pluralities of interests involved.

<p>Syftet med denna uppsats är att utforska socialtjänstens arbete med brottsoffer i Sverige enligt 5 kapitlet 11 § i socialtjänstlagen. I studien undersöktes hur socialsekreterare definierar brottsoffer samt hur de bedömer och prioriterar offrens behov. Det har också varit centralt att studera hur socialsekreterare tolkar och förstår regleringen av socialtjänstens ansvar för brottsoffer. Kvalitativa intervjuer med 18 socialarbetare är grunden för studien. Analysen av socialtjänstens arbete med brottsoffer baseras på ovan nämnda intervjuer. Intervjuerna analyseras med hjälp av rättssociologiska teorier. För att illustrera hur socialsekreterare definierar brottsoffer har teorier om brottsoffer använts i analysen. Studien visar att ett brottsoffer måste vara oskyldig, svag och lida av brottet för att personen skall definieras som brottsoffer av socialsekreterarna. Socialsekreterarna har dock olika prioriteringar. Vissa socialsekreterare baserar sin bedömning efter varje enskilt fall, medan andra socialsekreterare anser att det är specifika målgrupper som ska få hjälp av socialtjänsten. Undersökningen visar också att de brottsoffergrupper som främst får hjälp inom socialtjänsten kvinnor och barn som fallit offer för våld i nära relationer. Stöd till brottsoffer som ges genom socialtjänstens arbete är ofta i syfte för att anpassa de kvinnor och barn som utsätts för våld, såsom kvinnojourer, rådgivning och ekonomiskt stöd.</p> / <p>The purpose of this essay is to explore the social services work with crime victims in Sweden, according to Chapter 5, § 11 of the Social Services Act. The study examined how social workers define the victim and assessing and prioritizing victims' needs. It has also been central to study how social workers interpret and understand the regulation of social services responsible for crime victims. Qualitative interviews with 18 social workers is the basis for the study. The analysis of the social services work with victims based in the above-mentioned interviews. The interviews analyzed using the sociology of law theory. To illustrate how social workers define victims of crime have theories of crime victims been used in the analysis.</p><p>The study shows that a crime victim must be innocent, weak and suffering from the crime to be defined as crime victims by social secretaries. Social workers do, however, different priorities. Some are based on an assessment of each individual victims need help, while others believe that the specific target groups will be using social services. The study also indicates that the groups which mainly receive help in the social services are victims of violence women and children. Assistance to victims in the social services designed to adapt the groups exposed to violence against women and children, such as women’s shelters, counseling and financial help.</p>

This qualitative study aimed to examine which discourses can be found within the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (BUP) and women’s shelters against domestic violence, concerning children that have experienced violence within the family, from two perspectives: the child’s need of father and of protection from violence. The study also aimed to examine which discourses can be found within the organisations concerning children’s well-being, how they define their mission concerning domestic violence and how this can affect the practical work with children that have experienced violence and their parents. The questions that the study aimed to answer were which discourses can be distinguished within BUP and the women’s shelters against domestic violence and how they can affect the different agencies’ view of the child’s need and well-being. These questions have been answered with collected interviews from the two respective agencies which have then been interpreted and processed through a critical discourse analysis from different theoretical concepts such as dominant discourses and service discourses in relation to Social Work, children’s need as a social construction and discourses of the child as a victim and an active participant. What the study showed was that the active participant-discourse overall was more prominent within BUP and that the victim-discourse was more prominent within the women’s shelters against domestic violence but also that both discourses were distinguishable in different ways and to different extents in both agencies in different combinations and variations. The study also found that the discourses, in different ways and to different extents, also affected the agencies’ view of the child’s need of father and of protection from violence.

This study deals with the distinct difference in media attention the earthquake-disaster in Haiti and the flood-disaster in Pakistan got in 2010. There may be many reasons to this divergence, but this study focuses on how news articles can create compassion.    This study, with its critical perspective, examines how two daily papers in Sweden portray the suffering of the victims of the catastrophes in Haiti and Pakistan, and create compassion for them. Furthermore it asks the question who benefits from the newspaper’s description of human suffering in the third world.    The result shows that the manner of which Swedish daily newspapers report from the catastrophe in Haiti creates an emotional involvement, which most likely leads to compassion. Furthermore it shows potential to lead the readers to identify with the suffering people in Haiti.    The Swedish daily newspapers report of the catastrophe in Pakistan on the other hand, does not involve the reader on an emotional level, but gives them the role of a spectator. However the result also indicates that the distance between the victim and the reader is reducing. In that remark the report have potential to create compassion for the victims in Pakistan, although it is more likely that this does not occur.    In conclusion the study shows that the Swedish daily newspapers report of the catastrophes in Haiti and Pakistan is embedded in an ideology, which reproduces a global hierarchy of suffering by reproducing the construction of an Us and Them. In addition this study reveals a social conception of the West as more worthy compassion than the third world, and therefore the Swedish daily newspapers report of the catastrophes reproduces the West’s dominance and power in the society.

本文主要探討公司治理體系下控制權市場所發揮之功能，內容大致上分為四個部分。第一部分先就公司治理理論以及不同體系加以介紹，從Ronald H. Coase交易成本理論、Berle & Means五種公司類型，以及代理理論說明公司治理的理論基礎，再分別介紹OECD以及World Bank的公司治理架構，而控制權市場則是公司治理體系下，外部治理機制的一項重要工具，最後就美國、日本與我國的公司治理體系加以介紹。 第二部分則是說明企業併購促使控制權市場發揮治理成效之主要活動，因此，分別就美國、日本與我國企業併購之概況加以闡述。美國歷經了五次併購風潮，有其經濟、文化等結構性因素，而日本與我國過去並未發生併購風潮，然而隨著結構性因素的改變，再加上全球化的浪潮，日本與我國併購活動有逐漸加溫之趨勢。 視敵意併購為控制權市場之主要利器，這是因為企業雖然有可能因為善意併購後，改善效率進而增加股東權益，有助於公司治理，但敵意併購活動更兼具威嚇現任經營者之效果，因此，敵意併購活動於公司治理體系上，一方面可汰換不適任經營者，另一方面亦可對現任經營者造成威嚇使其不敢進行有礙於股東權益之情事。而主併者進行敵意併購，主要可行的途徑有二：一為收購股權，另一為委託書徵求。就法制面而言，則見諸公開收購以及委託書管理相關規定。 第三部分開始探討敵意併購法制，本文分別介紹了美國、日本以及我國公開收購制度，目前我國已從事先核准制修正為事先申報制，與美國、日本之申報制相近。但對於公開收購定義則大相逕庭，美國採八項要素判斷，日本與我國則加以明確定義。另外股東平等原則部份，美國、日本與我國同採「比例分配制」，關於禁止變更收購條件的範圍，則是美國最寬鬆因此有利於主併者，而日本最嚴格。至於美國州法下的反併購條款在我國與日本並未出現。而關於我國引進強制公開收購制度，本文分別引述支持與反對者之意見，並基於促進併購活動發生有利於公司治理此一面向，說明強制公開收購制度可能之影響。 第四部份探討美國、日本與我國關於委託書徵求相關制度，就資訊公開的內容而言，美國、日本與我國相關規定大同小異，但徵求人資格限制以及徵求股份總數限制為我國獨有，況且因公司派掌握紀念品的製作權以及發放權，加上相關規定使投信事業必須支持符合持股成數之之公司董事會提出之議案或董事、監察人候選人，且又就使用股東名冊的難易程度而言，我國委託書徵求相關規定實對現任經營者較有利。 而關於委託書價購與否之爭論，本文分別就正反兩方之理由加以介紹，後從公司治理之角度出發，認為收購委託書可能使管理者有更多經濟上誘因進行舞弊，有礙於公司治理，故應禁止之。 最後比較公開收購制度與委託書徵求制度二者，分別從所需資金、成本風險控制、實施之便宜性以及公司治理角度，希冀我國未來公開收購制度能善加運用，發揮公司治理之功效。文末並提出相關建議，以供將來之研究或主管機關作為參考。 / This dissertation mainly discusses the role of control market in the framework of corporate governance. It is composed of four parts. The first part introduces relevant theories of corporate governance, including Ronald H. Coase’s “transaction cost theory”, Berle & Means’ “five types of corporation”, and agency theory. Then the diverse frameworks of corporate governance including OECD, World Bank, in which control market is indicated as a significant external mechanism, are illustrated. At last, the U.S., Japan, and Taiwan's frameworks of corporate governance are introduced respectively. The second part explains that the merges & acquisitions (M&A) is one of the major activities that make control market operate effectively. Then the general situations of the M&A in the U.S., Japan, and Taiwan are introduced. Taken as a main mechanism of control market, hostile takeover not only strikes inefficient managers but menaces the incumbent from fraud. Two major feasible approaches of hostile takeover are purchasing stocks and soliciting proxies. The rules of tender offer and proxy contest are relevant. The third part discusses the legal institution of hostile takeover. The rules of tender offer of U.S., Japan, and Taiwan are introduced. Then the similarities and dissimilarities between the rules from the definitions of tender offer, equal treatment to shareholders, and anti-takeover strategies are detailed. At the end of this part, different points of view about mandatory tender offer and its relation with corporate governance are discussed. The fourth part explores (investigates) the rules of proxy contest of the U.S., Japan, and Taiwan. They are similar in the disclosure principle, but only Taiwan set limitations on the qualification of solicitors and the amount of proxies. In addition, the incumbent in Taiwan have the control over the manufacturing and delivery of the tokens for shareholders in annual meetings. What’s more, regulations force the institute-investors to support the incumbent. In conclusion, the proxy rules in Taiwan favor the incumbent. Also, the arguments over proxy purchase and its relation with corporate governance is mentioned. At last, this paper compares tender offer with proxy soliciting in several aspects: the fund needed, risk control, convenience, and corporate governance. In the end, the conclusion provides some suggestions for legislators and future studies.