Parce qu’elle se donne comme un discours ancillaire chargé d’actualiser le dialogue et de construire la représentation, parce qu’elle semble empiéter sur le terrain réservé du metteur en scène mais ne peut égaler la magie du spectacle, parce qu’elle n’est ni vraiment littéraire ni réellement scénique, la didascalie est longtemps restée le parent pauvre des études théâtrales. Depuis quelques années, elle fait l’objet d’un engouement relatif. D’une part, des études linguistiques décrivent le fonctionnement standard du discours didascalique en synchronie.D’autre part, des études critiques éclairent les poétiques didascaliques d’auteurs en s’intéressant particulièrement aux infractions par rapport à une pure fonctionnalité supposée.Dans cette thèse, nous cherchons à dépasser cette approche clivée en fournissant une poétique générale de la didascalie et, afin de lui donner sens, poids et nuance, nous l’ancrons résolument dans l’histoire en nous fondant sur le théâtre du XXe siècle, de Villiers à Koltès, soit un XXe siècle élargi, solidement ancré dans le XIXe et les yeux déjà tournés vers le XXIe. C’est le moment où la didascalie se redéfinit du fait de l’avènement et de la prise de pouvoir du metteur en scène, le moment où elle sort spectaculairement de son ornière sans pour autant pouvoir ou vouloir se débarrasser totalement d’un fond utilitaire. Elle apparaît alors sans conteste comme une parole boitant "un pied dans le devoir, un pied dans le désir", une parole icarienne tendue entre des catégories théoriquement exclusives. Dans une première partie, nous posons le format du discours didascalique, son territoire,son fonctionnement énonciatif (c’est-à-dire la place exacte qu’il occupe dans la communication dramatique) et ses caractéristiques graphiques (ponctuation, typographie, mise en page). Dans une seconde partie, c’est la fabrique même de l’écriture didascalique qui est étudiée, c’est-à-dire sa tension constitutive entre le pacte qui la régit (clarté, économie) et sa fondamentale aspiration à devenir (devenir-spectacle, devenir-poème, devenir-roman…). / Because they seemingly have to make the dialog work as well as to construct theperformance, because they seem to encroach upon the director’s grounds and yet cannot level with the magic of the actual staging, because they are not a real piece of literature nor do they belong to the show, the stage directions have long been overlooked by theater studies. In the past few years, a mild interest has arisen. On the one hand, linguists describe in a synchronic fashion the generic features of this particular type of discourse. On the other hand, critics wish to seize the specificity of each author’s stage directions, with an emphasis on the breaches of their theoretical functional purity.In this thesis, we intend to go beyond this fragmented approach by offering an overall poetics of stage directions and, in order for it to carry meaning, weight and nuance, we choose to base it on history and, specifically, on XXth century theater, from Villiers to Koltès, an enlarged century, deeply rooted in the XIXth and already glancing at the XXIst. It is then that stage directions redefine themselves as a result of the advent of the director and his coming to power ;it is then that they spectacularly travel out of joint but appear, nonetheless, incapable or unwilling to get rid altogether of their fundamental usefulness. Unequivocally, they prove to be a form of speech limping “one foot in duty, on foot in desire”, an icarian discourse reconciling what is theoretically opposed.This study starts with the format of the stage directions, their territory, their enunciation (i.e. the exact role they play in the dramatic communication), their graphic characteristics (punctuation, typography, lay-out). Then, we investigate the very fabric of stage directions writing, the perpetual tension between the pact that rules them (clarity, economy) and a fundamental drive to become something else (to become stage, to become poem, to become novel…).

Following the trauma of the Nakba (Catastrophe) of 1948, Palestinians still suffer from constant violations of their rights, land and culture. To fight forgetfulness and denial, some Palestinian folklorists have sought to collect, document, analyse and translate pre-1948 Palestinian folktales. One major example is Speak, Bird, Speak Again (1989), a selection edited by Ibrahim Muhawi and Sharif Kanaana, and its Arabic version Qul Ya Tayer (قول يا طير (2001)). The folktales, told mainly by women, are divided by the compilers into five main groups, following the individual’s life cycle from childhood to old age: Individuals, Family, Society, Environment and Universe. This thesis analyses the folktales in the English and Arabic compilations along with their paratextual elements (introduction, footnotes, afterwords etc) in order to explore the importance of orality and folktales in framing and preserving Palestinian memory and identity. Structured into four chapters, the thesis starts by highlighting the cultural and social roles of storytellers in Palestine, followed by an overview of the religious, social and psychological functions of folktales. It then describes the paratextual elements in the Arabic and English compilations, shedding light on the need to carry out scientifically and academically based documentation of Palestinian folktales. The compilers’ contribution, the thesis argues, reinforces the discourse of cultural resistance and cultural identity affirmation. The thesis takes memory studies as its main theoretical framework. Synthesising various concepts within memory studies, Chapter Two explains relevant ideas for analysing the folktales, such as collective memory, post-memory, cultural/communicative memory and prosthetic memory. The discussion connects memory to a number of generations across time and space, creating a narrative of continuity. This chapter also explores the components of Palestinian collective memory - oral history, language, nationalism and the Nakba; the latter the thesis attempts to situate within the field of memory and trauma studies. The thesis then probes the essential role played by Palestinian women in transmitting and preserving Palestinian memory and cultural identity, and explores their agency both as storytellers and protagonists. Through their roles as mothers, sisters, wives and daughters, and through their narrative skills and humour, women, the thesis argues, engender and gender Palestinian memory and identity. To understand the interconnection between language, cultural and collective identity, Chapter Four highlights the significance of peasantry discourse in the folktales’ pre-1948 setting, creating a site of memory and homeland while triggering nostalgia and collectivity. Folk religion and food culture are important markers of Palestinian cultural identity and memory; hence, religious expressions, folktale characters and food references in the folktales and tellings are also investigated. The thesis highlights the agency of Palestinian women via food culture, and thus their power in promoting long established cultural and social values as well as regenerating cultural memory. This research sheds new light on the role of the Palestinian folklorist, folktales and storytellers, adopting a novel approach that combines memory, trauma, and food studies among others.

I mitt examensarbete har jag studerat hur myndigheter kan utveckla och förbättra sina rekryteringstexter i syfte att dessa ska attrahera målgruppen jobbsökare i så hög grad som möjligt. I studien har jag använt tre olika metoder: textanalys, enkät och semistrukturerade intervjuer. Genom litteraturstudier och tidigare forskning har ett teoretiskt ramverk sammanställts. Utifrån detta är några av slutsatserna följande: Att det är viktigt att undersöka hela perspektivet kring hur texter skapas för att kunna uppnå klarspråkliga texter. Nyckeln till en lösning på problemet kan vara gömd i själva skrivprocessen, vilket det visade sig vara i detta fall. Att de som skriver texter i sitt yrke även bör kompetensutveckla sig inom skrivområdet, men att detta bör anpassas individuellt. Att punktlistor ger ledtrådsstrukturer i läsningen och en stig genom texten som bidrar till en snabb överblick och hjälper minnet på traven. Att bild kan tillföra ytterligare en dimension till rekryteringstexterna. Men att det också är viktigt hur bilden ser ut, samt att mottagaren får hjälp i sin tolkning av bilden, exempelvis av en bildtext. Jag har dels tagit fram en guide kring text och bild i rekryteringsannonser som är riktad till rekryteringskonsulter, dels ett gestaltningsförslag på hur Eskilstuna kommuns rekryteringsannonser skulle kunna se ut. Dessutom kan en sådan idealannons även användas av rekryteringskonsulterna som mall för hur en rekryteringsannons bör se ut. Idealannonsen består av en omstrukturerad text med punktlistor. Bild med bildtext har tillförts som ett nytt element och jag föreslår ett bildkoncept som lyfter fram äkta ögonblick från verksamheten.

The reception of Swedish literature in Italy has been widely overlooked. Only few studies consider it and these usually neglect the most recent history of this reception. For this reason, this research aims at describing how the Italian readership interpreted the Swedish books which were translated in the years 2006-2020. After detecting the main translation tendencies in the considered time-span, the Italian reception of some Swedish humouristic writers will be analysed by closely reading the Italian reviews of their books. Thus, it will be possible to verify whether the Italian readership grasps the humouristic tone that these authors use in their books or if it focuses only on the melancholy and loneliness that is believed to characterize all Nordic literature.

In traditional scholarly editions of music, peritext only plays a minor role so far. Peritexts can be defined as integral components of a score, for example a foreword, that are not part of the musical text. Especially in New Music, which is often intentionally breaking with implicit performance traditions, peritexts might offer essential information, e. g. on the arrangement of instruments and personal on the stage, about the used effects and hardware, and on verbal instructions to the interpreters. Encoding this information to be fully accessible for a scholarly digital music edition, is an important challenge. The poster is explaining this issue using an example by Joachim Krebs.

Streaming av film är populärare än någonsin. År 2021 nådde streamingtjänsten Netflix fler än 200 miljoner användare världen över. Det som fångar kundens uppmärksamhet för en film/serie på Netflix är thumbnail-bilden. Dessa bilder styrs av algoritmer och väljs baserat på användares tittarhistorik – de ser annorlunda ut användare emellan och ändras frekvent. Filmaffischer har historiskt sett varit viktiga i marknadsföring av filmer, men har en statisk design till skillnad från thumbnail-bilder. Thumbnail-bilder och filmaffischer är paratexter till en film; paratexterna bidrar till helhetsintrycket av filmen. Denna uppsats undersöker hur kommunikationen ser ut i algoritmbaserade thumbnail-bilder och traditionella filmaffischer, sett ur perspektiven genre och handling. Detta görs genom en semiotisk bildanalys och en kvalitativ intervju med åtta Netflix-användare. Materialet som undersöks är Netflix thumbnail-bilder tillhörande nio filmer/serier och samma filmer/seriers affisch från IMDb. I intervjuerna visas materialet både med och utan text för att undersöka typografins kommunikativa förmåga och om grafiska element spelar in i tolkningen. Resultaten visar att filmaffischer förmedlar genre och handling något bättre än thumbnail-bilder, samt att typografi har kommunikativa egenskaper. Vissa tecken förmedlar direkt genre; används dessa tecken effektivt kan en bild kommunicera genre utan text. I vissa fall behövdes text och grafik för att tolka budskapet mer korrekt vilket stärker vikten av grafisk design. Uppsatsen hävdar att Netflix över tid utmanar de klassiska affischerna genom att summan av de potentiella thumbnail-bilderna sammantaget kommunicerar filmen/seriens innehåll mer nyanserat och därmed mer kommunikativt än de statiska affischerna.

I denna uppsats har en undersökning av boken Myggor och tigrar gjorts där dels vad som är utmärkande för en självbiografi och ett självporträtt jämfört med andra typer av genrer, dels vad metafiktion är, belysts. Myggor och tigrar har drag av självbiografi, men även fiktion – i denna uppsats benämnd som självporträtt. Ytterligare en sak som har undersökts är hur författaren, Maja Lundgren, gång på gång kommenterar Myggor och tigrar, med avseende på genre. De självbiografiska avsnitten i Myggor och tigrar har gått att verifiera, likaså har de självporträtterande aspekterna utforskats. Det senare i form av exempelvis fokalisering som legat utanför författaren tillika berättaren Lundgrens synfält samt att Lundgren säger sig höra röster. Vad gäller de metafiktiva dragen i Myggor och tigrar har Lundgren genom kommentarer i texten gett dubbeltydiga besked om huruvida Myggor och tigrar ska betraktas som självbiografi eller roman. Hon använder även termen ”dokumentärroman” som innebär att Myggor och tigrar är delvis fabulerad och till viss del överensstämmande med verkligheten – en korsning mellan fiktion och fakta, där bägge gör sig gällande.

Le Popol Vuh est une œuvre littéraire aux dimensions mythologique et historique issue de la culture maya-quichée du Guatemala. Rédigé vers 1550 en langue quichée au moyen de l’alphabet latin suivant la phonétique espagnole, le texte a connu depuis le début du XVIIIe siècle de nombreuses traductions et retraductions. Ces versions diffèrent à bien des égards : format bilingue ou unilingue, composition du paratexte, titre, découpage en chapitres, précision du transfert, style littéraire, stratégie de traduction des noms de personnages et des toponymes, etc. En outre, le paratexte de ces différentes versions suggère l’existence d’un dialogue transhistorique émulateur entre leurs traducteurs successifs, en particulier vers l’espagnol, le français et l’anglais. Afin de mieux comprendre ces phénomènes, la présente thèse propose de décrire l’histoire des traductions et des retraductions du Popol Vuh vers l’espagnol, le français et l’anglais et d’avancer une explication aux caractéristiques de cette histoire. Pour ce faire, nous avons adop-té un cadre théorique bermanien (Berman, 1990, 1995) et une méthodologie adaptée au champ d’étude de l’histoire de la traduction et à notre objet d’étude (Berman, 1995; Lépinette, 1997; Pym, 1998). Nous avons d’abord constitué un catalogue de traductions et de retraductions du Popol Vuh en espagnol, en français et en anglais comme point de départ pour retracer, grâce à leur paratexte, les grandes lignes du dialogue transhistorique entre les auteurs des différentes versions du Popol Vuh dans ces langues. Une fois les interlocuteurs principaux identifiés, nous avons procédé à une analyse descriptive et comparative des approches adoptées par les traduc-teurs des versions identifiées comme les plus pertinentes dans l’histoire des traductions et des retraductions du Popol Vuh, à savoir les versions de Ximénez (env. 1703), Brasseur (1861), Raynaud (1925), Recinos (1947), Edmonson (1971), Chávez (1978), Tedlock (1985) et Sam Colop (2008). Cette analyse comprend pour chaque version l’étude de son paratexte et d’un échantillon de traduction, en l’occurrence, l’épisode de la mort de Vucub-Caquix. Grâce à la méthodologie que nous avons adoptée, qui tient compte du profil, de l’horizon et de la position traductive du sujet traduisant, et qui éclaire l’analyse du texte traduit à la lumière de son paratexte, nous avons pu avancer des explications aux caractéristiques observées pour chaque version de notre corpus. Notre thèse permet ainsi de démontrer que les versions du Po-pol Vuh varient avec leur contexte au sens large, mais surtout avec la vision de l’œuvre quichée propre au cercle dans lequel évolue chaque traducteur, de même qu’elles varient en fonction de l’intention de chaque traducteur. Nous avons également confirmé que l’approche adoptée par les traducteurs du Popol Vuh semble être de plus en plus sourcière, même s’ils veillent, notam-ment dans le paratexte, à continuer d’accompagner le lecteur cible dans sa découverte d’un objet littéraire qui est le fruit d’un univers pour lui étranger, l’accessibilité de l’œuvre restant une priorité dans les divers projets de traduction analysés. Notre thèse constitue une étude de cas dont la méthodologie ne demande qu’à être testée dans le cadre de l’étude du cycle de retraductions d’autres textes autochtones américains anciens. Par ailleurs, elle invite aussi à interroger le rôle de la traduction dans le parcours littéraire de ce genre de textes. / The Popol Vuh is a literary work with mythological and historical dimensions that comes from the Mayan-Quichean culture of Guatemala. Written around 1550 in the Quichean language using the Latin alphabet according to Spanish phonetics, the text has been translated and retranslated many times since the beginning of the 18th century. These versions differ in many ways: bilingual or unilingual edition, composition of the paratext, title, division into chapters, precision of the transfer, literary style, strategy for translating character names and toponyms, etc. Moreover, the paratext of these different versions suggests the existence of an emulating transhistorical dialogue between their successive translators, particularly into Span-ish, French and English. In order to better understand these phenomena, this dissertation intends to describe the history of translations and retranslations of the Popol Vuh into Spanish, French and English and to offer an explanation of the characteristics of this history. To do so, we have adopted a Ber-manian theoretical framework (Berman, 1990, 1995) and a methodology adapted to the field of study of the history of translation and to our object of study (Berman, 1995; Lépinette, 1997; Pym, 1998). We began by compiling a catalog of translations and retranslations of the Popol Vuh into Spanish, French, and English as a starting point for tracing, through their par-atext, the main lines of the transhistorical dialogue between the authors of the different ver-sions of the Popol Vuh in these languages. Once the main interlocutors were identified, we proceeded to a descriptive and comparative analysis of the approaches taken by the translators of the versions identified as the most relevant in the history of translations and retranslations of the Popol Vuh, namely the versions by Ximénez (c. 1703), Brasseur (1861), Raynaud (1925), Recinos (1947), Edmonson (1971), Chávez (1978), Tedlock (1985) and Sam Colop (2008). This analysis includes for each version the study of its paratext and a translation sam-ple, in this case the episode of Vucub-Caquix's death. The methodology we have adopted, which takes into account the profile, horizon and translat-ing position of the translating subject, and which sheds light on the analysis of the translated text thanks to its paratext, enables us to put forward explanations of the characteristics ob-served for each version of our corpus. Thus our dissertation reveals that the versions of the Popol Vuh vary with their context in the broadest sense, but above all with the vision of the Quichean text specific to the circle in which each translator evolves, just as they vary accord-ing to each translator's intention. We have also confirmed that the approach adopted by the translators of the Popol Vuh seems to be increasingly source-oriented, even if they are careful, particularly in the paratext, to continue to help the target readers in their discovery of a literary work that is the fruit of a universe that is foreign to them, the accessibility of the work remain-ing a priority in the various translation projects analyzed. Our dissertation is a case study whose methodology could be tested for the study of the cycle of retranslations of other ancient Native American texts. Furthermore, it also invites us to ques-tion the role of translation in the literary journey of these texts.

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This study deals with the reception of world literature novels and authorships between 1997 and 2003. The study analyses the Swedish book publishers' presentations and the newspaper reviews of fifteen authors and novels from geographical areas that are seen to be peripheral to Swedish culture. Using Gerard Genette's concept of paratext and various evaluation categories, the study explores how presentation and reception situate so-called peripheral authorships. With a discourse analytical approach, the study identifies the themes and tropes used to situate these authorships and what kind of norms govern the peripheral literature. Taking a step from the focus on the worldling processes of world literature which usually occupies postcolonial oriented studies, this thesis rather highlights the valuing processes of world literature. The analysis consists of four parts. The first part demonstrates how the novels are introduced with almost exoticising statements. Thus, paradoxically, inclusion also means exclusion, as the authorships are presented as a cultural other. The second part highlights two different legitimisation strategies, either by attributing the authorship to a Eurocentric or Anglo-Saxon context or solely to the author's own literary continent. The third part focuses on how publishers and reviewers determine literary value through the knowledge that novels and authorships convey about other cultures and societies. The authorship can be attributed to social and emotional values in these first three parts. The statements rely on the particularities of authorship as truth-tellers for their own culture. The fourth part, focuses on statements that do not revolve around the author's geographical starting point, but instead on the author as standing between or across cultures. In these cases, values of authenticity, originality, style and form are attributed.